D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bin t\u00fcrl\u00fc derde D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc yenilerini ekledi. 2019-2023 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte temel sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini ama\u00e7layan DS\u00d6 13. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk be\u015f y\u0131lda ataca\u011f\u0131 stratejik ad\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli hedeflerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u015fl\u0131klar olu\u015fturacak. Bu maddeler ayn\u0131 zamanda, 2019\u2019da d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunu bekleyen k\u00fcresel tehditler ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ayr\u0131 bir raporun konusu oldu.<\/p>\n
Hava kirlili\u011fi:<\/strong> DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn tahminlerine g\u00f6re hava kirlili\u011finin tetikledi\u011fi hastal\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin say\u0131s\u0131 her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 milyon ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor ve vakalar\u0131n %90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli Asya ve Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Solunan kirli havadaki ince partik\u00fcller akci\u011fer ve kalp-damar sistemine yerle\u015fip inme, kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, akci\u011fer kanseri, kronik akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve solunum hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Sanayi, tar\u0131m ve ula\u015f\u0131m kaynakl\u0131 kirli gazlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda evlerde pi\u015firme ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lan kirli yak\u0131tlar da etkenler aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmayan hastal\u0131klar:<\/strong> Diyabet, kanser ve kalp hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 olmayan hastal\u0131klar d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin %70\u2019inden sorumlu, bu da 41 milyon insan demek! DS\u00d6 verilerine g\u00f6re bunlar\u0131n 15 milyonu 30-69 erken ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerin sakinleri burada da ilk kurbanlar aras\u0131nda yer almaktan ka\u00e7am\u0131yor. S\u00f6z konusu hastal\u0131klardaki patlaman\u0131n sorumlusu ise her yerde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl be\u015fli: sigara, hareketsizlik, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z beslenme ve hava kirlili\u011fi.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel grip salg\u0131n\u0131:<\/strong> \u201cD\u00fcnya yeni bir grip salg\u0131n\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalacak; sadece bunun bizleri ne zaman ve ne \u015fiddette vuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyoruz.\u201d DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn resmi sitesinden al\u0131nan bu s\u00f6zler t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici ama ger\u00e7ek. DS\u00d6 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 114 \u00fclkeden 153 kurumla ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak potansiyel salg\u0131n tehlikesi arz eden vir\u00fcs soylar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlardan hangilerinin grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131na dahil edilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirliyor. Salg\u0131n potansiyeli olan yeni bir soyun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde tan\u0131, a\u015f\u0131 ve tedaviyi i\u00e7erecek bir savunma sistemi de haz\u0131rda bekliyor. Ancak t\u00fcm \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen vir\u00fcs\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 mutasyon ve adaptasyon yetene\u011finin a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkinli\u011fini azaltan bir fakt\u00f6r olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck etkinli\u011fin daha da per\u00e7inledi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, salg\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sorumlusu olacak gibi.<\/p>\n Yetersiz temel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri:<\/strong> DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn verilerine g\u00f6re kurakl\u0131k, a\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve yerinden edilmenin eksik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun %22\u2019sini olu\u015fturuyor. Bu da 1,6 milyar insan demek. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin yetersizli\u011fi ve temel bak\u0131m imkanlar\u0131ndan yoksunluk en ba\u015fta bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de ya\u015fl\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 vuruyor. Her zamanki gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkeler ba\u015frolde.<\/p>\n Tehdit d\u00fczeyi y\u00fcksek patojenler:<\/strong> Say\u0131lar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 fakat etki d\u00fczeyleri m\u00fcthi\u015f korkutucu\u2026 \u00d6rne\u011fin HIV: Antiretroviral tedavi ile hayat\u0131na devam eden 22 milyon ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2l\u00e2 her y\u0131l 1 milyon insan HIV\/AIDS y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00f6l\u00fcme gidiyor. Ya da sivrisineklerle bula\u015fan, semptomlar\u0131 itibariyle gribe benzeyen ve \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 %20\u2019ye varan Dang hummas\u0131na yakalananlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 her y\u0131l 390 milyon! \u00dcstelik DS\u00d6 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi daha \u0131l\u0131man \u00fclkelere de yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiriyor. Bitmedi\u2026 Bunlardan ba\u015fka Ebola, Zika, SARS (a\u011f\u0131r akut solunum yolu yetersizli\u011fi sendromu), MERS-CoV (Orta Do\u011fu solunum yolu sendromu koronavir\u00fcs\u00fc) ve hatta ciddi bir salg\u0131n tehdidine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi beklenen, hen\u00fcz tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f X Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da listede!<\/p>\n Antimikrop direnci:<\/strong> Antibiyotik ve antiviraller muhtemelen modern t\u0131bb\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck mucizeleri olarak 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la damga vurdu ve say\u0131s\u0131z hayat kurtard\u0131. Peki ya bakteri ve vir\u00fcslerle yar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda geride kalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ysak? DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 tehdit kapsam\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 antimikrop direnci (yani bakterisavar ve vir\u00fcssavar ila\u00e7lara diren\u00e7) tam da bununla ilgili. \u00d6rne\u011fin t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz gibi her y\u0131l 10 milyon insan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren ve bunlardan 1,6 milyonunun can\u0131n\u0131 alan bir hastal\u0131kla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n ba\u015fka bilinen bir y\u00f6ntemi yok. Gel g\u00f6r ki 2017\u2019de hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan rifampisine diren\u00e7li 600.000 vaka bildirilmi\u015f. Zaat\u00fcre, bel so\u011fuklu\u011fu ve salmonella gibi hastal\u0131klarda da 100 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine d\u00f6nmemiz an meselesi olabilir. DS\u00d6 bunun tek sorumlusunun bilin\u00e7siz antibiyotik kullan\u0131m\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u0131da sanayiinde hayvanlara verilen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 antibiyotik ve antivirallerin de meselede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck pay sahibi oldu\u011funu vurguluyor.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> DS\u00d6 verilerine g\u00f6re a\u015f\u0131lar her y\u0131l 2 ila 3 milyon insan\u0131 olas\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtar\u0131yor. Daha yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde uygulanabilse bu say\u0131ya 1,5 milyon insan daha eklenecek. Ancak pek \u00e7ok Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeden sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015fan a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kadar ciddi boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131 ki, g\u00fcvenilir ve yararl\u0131 oldu\u011funa dair onca bilimsel veriye ve kan\u0131ta ra\u011fmen insanlar\u0131 neyin aksi y\u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n konusu olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. ABD\u2019deki Dartmouth College ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu konuya cevab\u0131 \u201cHisterezis\u201d. En basit haliyle bir sistemin yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki durumuna duyarl\u0131 olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen bu ifade bir anlamda ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki olumsuz birka\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fin ya da yanl\u0131\u015f uygulaman\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini radikal bi\u00e7imde etkilemesini ifade ediyor. Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/em> dergisinde 9 Ocak\u2019ta yay\u0131mlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u015f\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n toplumda yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen \u201cs\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d tehdit edecek d\u00fczeye varmak \u00fczere. \u00d6yle ki c\u00fczzam, kabakulak ve bo\u011fmaca gibi hastal\u0131klar Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerinde tekrar hortlam\u0131\u015f durumda. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re bo\u011fmaca a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 1978\u2019deki %30\u2019luk uygulama d\u00fczeyinden %91\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 13 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. \u0130deal \u015fartlarda bir y\u0131lda ula\u015f\u0131labilecek ilerlemenin bu kadar uzun zaman alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bir yana, a\u015f\u0131ya duyulan yeni nesil \u00f6nyarg\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasar nelere mal olacak bilinmiyor.<\/p>\n Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n 1) World Health Organization, \u201cTen threats to global health in 2019\u201d; https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019<\/p>\n 2) Xingru Chen ve Feng Fu, \u201cImperfect vaccine and hysteresis\u201d, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/em>, cilt 286, say\u0131 1894.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bin t\u00fcrl\u00fc derde D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc yenilerini ekledi. 2019-2023 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte temel sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini ama\u00e7layan DS\u00d6 13. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk be\u015f y\u0131lda ataca\u011f\u0131 stratejik ad\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli hedeflerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u015fl\u0131klar olu\u015fturacak. Bu maddeler ayn\u0131 zamanda, 2019\u2019da d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunu bekleyen k\u00fcresel tehditler ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ayr\u0131 bir raporun konusu oldu. Hava kirlili\u011fi: DS\u00d6\u2019n\u00fcn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":31884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,33],"tags":[2779,4451,3962],"class_list":["post-31883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-saglik-bilimleri","tag-asi-karsitligi","tag-dunya-saglik-orgutu","tag-grip-salgini"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t