{"id":32147,"date":"2019-01-30T01:43:50","date_gmt":"2019-01-29T22:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=32147"},"modified":"2019-01-30T00:47:39","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T21:47:39","slug":"yeni-bir-elektronik-cagi-kapida-wi-fi-sinyallerini-elektrige-donusturen-malzemeyle-tanisin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/01\/30\/yeni-bir-elektronik-cagi-kapida-wi-fi-sinyallerini-elektrige-donusturen-malzemeyle-tanisin","title":{"rendered":"Yeni bir elektronik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 kap\u0131da: Wi-Fi sinyallerini elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren malzemeyle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n, laptoplar\u0131n ve daha ba\u015fka elektronik cihazlar\u0131n pilsiz \u015farj edilebildi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. G\u00fczel olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131? Madrid \u00dcniversitesi, Massachusettes Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT), Boston \u00dcniversitesi ve Southern California \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin ortakla\u015fa y\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir proje sayesinde bundan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 ger\u00e7ek olacak. 15 yazarl\u0131 kalabal\u0131k bir ekibin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, <em>Nature<\/em> dergisinin 28 Ocak say\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Wi-Fi sinyallerinin elektronik cihazlar\u0131n i\u00e7ine konacak yeni bir malzeme arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elektrik enerjisine \u00e7evrilmesini, b\u00f6ylece aletlerin kablosuz veya pilsiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lacak bir teknolojinin m\u00fcjdesini veriyor.<\/p>\n<p>Rectenna, ya da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisiyle rektifiye anten denen bu kablosuz elektrik teknolojisiyle asl\u0131nda yeni tan\u0131\u015fmad\u0131k. Radyo dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru ak\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek kablosuz g\u00fc\u00e7 iletimi sa\u011flayan rektifiye antenler uydulardan askeri ama\u00e7lara kadar pek \u00e7ok alanda zaten y\u0131llard\u0131r kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Hatta bu teknolojiyi, radyo dalgalar\u0131na benzer elektromanyetik dalgalardan olu\u015fan \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi izledi. Rektifiye antenler bu a\u015famada nanoanten ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dalga boyu antenin de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nanoteknoloji kullan\u0131larak \u00fcretilmesini gerektiriyordu. \u00dcretim maliyeti y\u00fcz\u00fcnden hen\u00fcz geleneksel enerji \u00fcretim teknolojilerinin yerini almam\u0131\u015f olan rektifiye antenler silsilesine \u015fimdi bir yenisi eklendi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32149\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32149\" style=\"width: 355px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-32149 \" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/1-24-300x143.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"355\" height=\"169\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32149\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Molibdenum dis\u00fclfidin molek\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren diyagram. Molibdenum atomlar\u0131 maviyle, s\u00fclf\u00fcr atomlar\u0131 sar\u0131yla g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f. Kaynak: Wang ve ark.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Wi-Fi\u2019daki elektromanyetik dalgalar\u0131 yakalayan s\u00fcper esnek radyo frekans antenleri atomik boyutlardaki iki boyutlu yar\u0131 iletkenlere ba\u011flanacak. Bu yar\u0131 iletken i\u00e7inde tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc hareket eden dalgalar elektrik devresini ate\u015fleyen ya da pilleri \u015farj eden kullan\u0131labilir elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecek. Bu da etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kaplam\u0131\u015f haldeki Wi-Fi sinyallerini yakalay\u0131p elektri\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren pilsiz cihazlar anlam\u0131na gelecek. \u00dcstelik ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yar\u0131 iletkenler \u00f6ylesine esnek ki, bilgisayardan ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlara, k\u00f6pr\u00fclerden otoyollara ya da ofisinizin duvarlar\u0131na, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u00fczeyde kullan\u0131labilecek. \u0130lk denemeler elbette en geni\u015f piyasas\u0131 olan ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Tipik seviyedeki Wi-Fi sinyallerine maruz b\u0131rak\u0131lan iki boyutlu yar\u0131 iletken antenli cep telefonlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 mikrovatl\u0131k enerji \u00fcretebilmi\u015f. Bu da s\u0131radan bir telefonun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli d\u00fczeyde enerji demek.<\/p>\n<p>Asl\u0131nda geleneksel rektifiye antenlerin de Wi-Fi temelli elektromanyetik dalgalar\u0131 yakalamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Fakat ilgili komponent silikon ya da galyum arsenid denen sert bir malzemeden yap\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aletlerin \u00fcretimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda sorun yok fakat \u00e7ok geni\u015f y\u00fczeylerin bunlarla kaplanmas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 maliyetli olabiliyor. S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6zel k\u0131lan tam da bu silikon ya da galyum arsenidin yerini alan, iki boyutlu yar\u0131 iletken dedi\u011fimiz yeni maddenin i\u00e7eri\u011fi: Sadece \u00fc\u00e7 atom kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (iki boyutluluk \u00f6zelli\u011fi bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 incelikten geliyor), \u00e7elikten sert fakat bir o kadar hafif ve \u015feffaf \u00f6zellikteki molibden dis\u00fclfit. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken MIT\u2019li elektrik m\u00fchendisi Tom\u00e1s Palacios\u2019un tabiriyle tam bir \u201cekstrem\u201d malzeme! Bu madde baz\u0131 kimyasallara maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda atom yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde yar\u0131 iletken fazdan tam iletken\/metalik faza ge\u00e7ebiliyor. B\u00f6ylece (silikon ve galyum arsenidin aksine) \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir frekans yelpazesinden sinyal yakalay\u0131p elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebiliyor. Akabinde bu da, g\u00fcndelik hayattaki elektronik ayg\u0131tlar\u0131m\u0131zda kullan\u0131lan radyo frekans bantlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32150\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32150\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-32150\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/2-20-300x247.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"247\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32150\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom\u00e1s Palacios. Kaynak: Photo: Bryce Vickmark<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi bu yeni kablosuz elektrik imkan\u0131 bir anlamda ka\u011f\u0131ttan kuma\u015fa etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki her\u015feyin bir elektronik cihaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131labilir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z elektronik-olmayan nesnelerin %95\u2019ine bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazand\u0131rmay\u0131, b\u00f6ylece elektroni\u011fin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcne k\u0131yasla 10 kat art\u0131rmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bahsi ge\u00e7en teknoloji sadece elektri\u011fin g\u00fcndelik kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn toplumu de\u011fi\u015ftirecek nitelikte. Zaten Palacios da bunu saklam\u0131yor ve bak\u0131n ne diyor: \u201c\u015eayet etraf\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 saran nesnelere belli d\u00fczeyde bir elektronik zeka y\u00fckleyebilirsek bu hem elektronik denen alan\u0131, hem de toplumun kendisini de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1) Ron Matheson, \u201cConverting Wi-Fi signals to electricity with new 2-D materials\u201d, MIT News Office, 28 Ocak 2019.<\/p>\n<p>2) Alice McCarthy, \u201cExtreme materials and ubiquitous electronics\u201d, MIT Industrial Liaison Program, 2 Aral\u0131k 2014.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n, laptoplar\u0131n ve daha ba\u015fka elektronik cihazlar\u0131n pilsiz \u015farj edilebildi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. G\u00fczel olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131? Madrid \u00dcniversitesi, Massachusettes Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT), Boston \u00dcniversitesi ve Southern California \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin ortakla\u015fa y\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir proje sayesinde bundan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 ger\u00e7ek olacak. 15 yazarl\u0131 kalabal\u0131k bir ekibin kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, Nature dergisinin 28 Ocak say\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":32148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,31],"tags":[4513,4514,4512],"class_list":["post-32147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","category-teknoloji","tag-iki-boyutlu-yari-iletkenler","tag-molibden-disulfit","tag-rektifiye-antenler"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}