![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/2-10-300x201.jpg\")
\u201cGrek mucizesi\u201d mi? Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k kan\u0131tland\u0131 ki, Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, esas olarak Mezopotamya ve M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n temelinde y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Kald\u0131 ki, bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n eserlerini veren \u0130yonyal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n kadim merkezlerini gezdiklerini, oralardan \u00f6\u011frendiklerini Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 teslim ederler. Onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tmaya ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 yoktur. Esin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019da oldu\u011funu gururla belirtirler. Zaten ba\u015fka bir yerde de olamazd\u0131; o d\u00f6nemlerde Avrupa birka\u00e7 Yunan kolonisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda barbar halklar\u0131n kol gezdi\u011fi bir co\u011frafyayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ege\u2019nin iki yakas\u0131nda geli\u015fen uygarl\u0131k, Mezopotamya ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan ald\u0131klar\u0131na kendi rengini de katarak bir senteze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nemin uygarl\u0131k merkezi olmu\u015f ve kendisinden sonra gelenlere bu sentezi aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nemi, bilebildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla tarihteki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131k sentezini ba\u015farmas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nceki uygarl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve etkilenmeden s\u00f6z ederken, burada etkilenmeyi a\u015fan bir sentez s\u00f6z konusudur. Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendisinden \u00f6nceki birikimin dam\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir pota olabildi. \u0130nsan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye ve uygarl\u0131k damar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek anlamda olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Elbette bu g\u00f6reli bir b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmedir; olu\u015fan sentezde Hint ve \u00c7in uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n rengini fazla g\u00f6remiyoruz. Bu renklerin de b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131yla tabloya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesini, ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck sentez olarak de\u011ferlendirebilece\u011fimiz Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek durumunday\u0131z. Ger\u00e7i Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n son b\u00fcy\u00fck ata\u011f\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u0130skender \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6nemini Do\u011fu\u2019ya do\u011fru uzat\u0131lan bir el olarak nitelendirebiliriz; ama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu atak gelecekteki b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeler i\u00e7in bir zemin olu\u015fturma rol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki Do\u011fu Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi, ilk kez bu d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f bir uygarl\u0131ktan s\u00f6z edilebilmesidir. Olu\u015fan tabloya, Mezopotamya-M\u0131s\u0131r-Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n rengi kadar, Hint, \u00c7in ve Orta Asya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n renkleri de kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Muhammed (\u0130slam) hareketiyle tarih sahnesine giren Arap toplumu, uzun s\u00fcre Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ilk Abbasi halifeleri d\u00f6neminde Ba\u011fdat, \u015eam gibi kentler b\u00fcy\u00fck birer uygarl\u0131k merkezidir ve \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u00e7evrenin bilim, sanat, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendisine \u00e7ekmektedir. \u00dcnl\u00fc Antik Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin eserleri h\u0131zla Arap\u00e7aya \u00e7evrilmekte, yeniden yorumlanmakta, son derece \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortamlarda \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n -onu a\u015fan- bir devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bu uygarl\u0131k at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, giderek g\u00fcneybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, kuzeydo\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de \u0130ran\u2019a do\u011fru dalga dalga yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bir d\u00f6nem sonra ise (11-12. y\u00fczy\u0131llar) Orta Asya i\u00e7lerinden gelerek \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul eden T\u00fcrklerin, yorulan Araplardan \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkler taze kan getirmekle kalmam\u0131\u015flar, o d\u00f6neme kadar nispeten kendi i\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 geli\u015fen Hint ve \u00c7in uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birikiminin de ana damara kat\u0131lmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etmi\u015flerdir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n doru\u011fu diyebilece\u011fimiz bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in\u2019den End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k ate\u015finin yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Avrupa toplumlar\u0131 ise bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nispeten geri kalm\u0131\u015f \u00e7evresi durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Avrupa-merkezci ideologlar, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n rol\u00fcn\u00fcn, Antik Yunan\u2019dan ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Bat\u0131\u2019ya aktarmakla, yani sadece bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc olmakla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ederler. Bu da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7arp\u0131tmad\u0131r. Bat\u0131l\u0131lar da dahil olmak \u00fczere olgular\u0131 nesnel bir bi\u00e7imde ele alan tarih\u00e7iler, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen her alanda geli\u015ftirdikleri \u00f6zg\u00fcn katk\u0131lar\u0131 vurgularlar. Fakat bu katk\u0131lardan daha da \u00f6nemlisi, \u00f6zellikle doruk d\u00f6neminde Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u015fe dokunur t\u00fcm uygarl\u0131klardan dem almas\u0131, dam\u0131tmas\u0131 ve o g\u00fcne kadarki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc senteze ula\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. As\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 budur.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00fcy\u00fck sentez temelinde geli\u015fir. Bat\u0131, \u00f6nce 12.-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda bu b\u00fcy\u00fck mirasa \u00e7eviri yoluyla sahip olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da koymaya ba\u015flayarak o b\u00fcy\u00fck Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaratabilmi\u015ftir. Uygarl\u0131k ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck sentezi de Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Uygarl\u0131k tarihi, giderek b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin, daha \u00fcst d\u00fczeylerde sentezlere ula\u015fman\u0131n tarihidir; ta\u015f \u00fcst\u00fcne ta\u015f koyarak geli\u015fir. Uygarl\u0131k ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu \u015fekilde kavrand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hem mucizelere ihtiya\u00e7 kalmaz, hem de k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131 niteli\u011findeki sentezlenme d\u00f6nemlerine ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferleri verilebilir. \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck sentez, Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle Helenistik d\u00f6nemdir. Ama onun ard\u0131ndaki Mezopotamya-M\u0131s\u0131r birikimi es ge\u00e7ilirse ortada sadece bir \u201cmucize\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":32608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2314],"tags":[4571,4573,3420,4572,477],"class_list":["post-32610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-oykuleri","tag-antik-yunan-uygarligi","tag-avrupa-merkezcilik","tag-bati-uygarligi","tag-ortacag-dogu-uygarligi","tag-uygarlik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
\n<\/strong>\u201cGrek mucizesi\u201d kavram\u0131, \u00e7ok sonralar\u0131, Bat\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fi d\u00f6neminin ideologlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi. 18.-19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftiren Avrupa kapitalizmi, kendi \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ezilen halklara kabul ettirebilmek i\u00e7in uygarl\u0131k tarihinde kendi lehine bir ay\u0131klamaya giri\u015fti ve \u201cAntik Yunan-Bat\u0131\u201d uygarl\u0131k \u00e7izgisi kuram\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Bu, son derece kaba bir tarih \u00e7arp\u0131tmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Avrupa-merkezci ideolojinin ikinci \u201cmucizesi\u201d de Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131k mele\u011fi, Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131n sona ermesinden 1000 y\u0131l sonra sihirli de\u011fne\u011fini bu kez Avrupa\u2019ya de\u011fdirmi\u015f ve \u00fcst\u00fcn Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur! Oysa bu bin y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde uygarl\u0131k damar\u0131n\u0131n, hem de o d\u00f6neme kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik g\u00fcrl\u00fckte, Do\u011fu\u2019dan akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/3-8-300x258.jpg\")