\n<\/strong>Periyodik bir ya\u015fam\u0131 olan a\u011fustos b\u00f6cekleri, \u00f6zellikle de Magicicada septendecim<\/em>, b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6cekler aras\u0131nda en uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015famlar\u0131 toprak alt\u0131nda ba\u015flar, kurt\u00e7uklar a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerinin \u00f6zsuyunu sab\u0131rla emerler. Bu \u015fekilde 17 y\u0131l ge\u00e7irdikten sonra yeti\u015fkin a\u011fustos b\u00f6cekleri yery\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kar, muazzam s\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaplar, birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde \u00e7iftle\u015fip yumurta b\u0131rak\u0131rlar, sonra da \u00f6l\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/2-22-300x160.jpg\")
Ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcr olan Magicicada tredecim <\/em>de ayn\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fcy\u00fc 13 y\u0131lda tamamlar. Uzmanlar iki soruyu kafaya takm\u0131\u015flar: Bu b\u00f6cekler neden bu kadar uzun ya\u015farlar ve ya\u015fam s\u00fcreleri neden asal say\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n Parazitle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamak i\u00e7in Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu parazitten uzak kalabilmesi i\u00e7in a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011finin en iyi stratejisi, uzun s\u00fcren ve y\u0131l say\u0131s\u0131 asal olan bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcresine sahip olmakt\u0131r. 17 say\u0131s\u0131 asal oldu\u011fundan Magicidada septendecim<\/em> de parazitiyle fazla bir araya gelmek zorunda kalmaz. Parazitin \u00f6mr\u00fc 2 y\u0131lsa, ancak 34 y\u0131lda bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar; daha uzun, \u00f6rne\u011fin 16 y\u0131lsa, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma ancak 272 (16×17) y\u0131lda bir ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n Parazit ne yaps\u0131n? B\u00f6yle olunca, var oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen parazitin \u015fimdiye kadar hi\u00e7 bulunamam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na \u015fa\u015fmamak gerek! A\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fine ayak uydurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan parazit muhtemelen \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzat\u0131p durdu ve sonunda 16 y\u0131l engeline tak\u0131ld\u0131. O noktada art\u0131k 272 y\u0131l boyunca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma olmayacakt\u0131 ve b\u00f6yle uzun bir s\u00fcreyi a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fi olmadan ge\u00e7iremeyen parazitin soyu t\u00fckendi.<\/p>\n Nas\u0131l kuram ama!<\/p>\n Kaynak<\/strong>: S. Singh, Fermat\u2019n\u0131n Son Teoremi<\/em>, \u00e7ev. S. Y\u00fccesoy, Pan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ekim 2001.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La Fontaine\u2019in biraz haks\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011fustos b\u00f6cekleri ger\u00e7ekten ilgin\u00e7 hayvanlar. Sadece b\u00f6cek bilimcileri de\u011fil matematik\u00e7ileri de u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Toprak alt\u0131nda 17 y\u0131l Periyodik bir ya\u015fam\u0131 olan a\u011fustos b\u00f6cekleri, \u00f6zellikle de Magicicada septendecim, b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6cekler aras\u0131nda en uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015famlar\u0131 toprak alt\u0131nda ba\u015flar, kurt\u00e7uklar a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerinin \u00f6zsuyunu sab\u0131rla emerler. Bu \u015fekilde 17 y\u0131l ge\u00e7irdikten sonra yeti\u015fkin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":32868,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2314],"tags":[4607,4609,4608],"class_list":["post-32867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-oykuleri","tag-agustos-bocegi","tag-asal-sayilar","tag-magicicada-septendecim"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
\n<\/strong>Cin fikirli bir bilimcinin kuram\u0131na g\u00f6re, s\u00f6z konusu a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fine musallat olan bir parazit vard\u0131r. Parazitin de ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00f6rece uzundur ve a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fi ondan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Diyelim ki parazitin \u00f6mr\u00fc 2 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Bu durumda a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fi i\u00e7in 2\u2019ye b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyen bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi daha uygundur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc aksi takdirde d\u00fczenli olarak bu parazit ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde parazitin \u00f6mr\u00fc 3 y\u0131lsa, a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fi de 3\u2019e b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeyen bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcresini \u201ctercih eder\u201d, yoksa yine d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla parazitle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Parazitin buna kar\u015f\u0131 yapabilece\u011fi \u015fey, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran iki ya\u015fam s\u00fcresinden birine sahip olmak, yani ya her y\u0131l ya da a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011finin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 17 y\u0131lda bir yeni parazit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretmektir. Ancak, 17 y\u0131l pe\u015f pe\u015fe d\u00fcnyaya gelmesi \u00e7ok zordur; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o durumda tam 16 parazit ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, faydalanabilece\u011fi a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011fini bulamadan ya\u015famak zorundad\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan 17 y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u015fam s\u00fcresine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in de, parazit ku\u015faklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nce evrim ge\u00e7irerek 16 y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u015fam s\u00fcresini geride b\u0131rakmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Bu da evrimin bir a\u015famas\u0131nda parazitle a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011finin 272 y\u0131l boyunca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamas\u0131 demektir. \u0130ki durumda da a\u011fustos b\u00f6ce\u011finin uzun ya\u015fam s\u00fcresi onu parazite kar\u015f\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n