{"id":33787,"date":"2019-04-12T02:15:37","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T23:15:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=33787"},"modified":"2019-04-12T02:07:27","modified_gmt":"2019-04-11T23:07:27","slug":"marsta-yasam-izi-basliklarina-bir-yenisi-daha-eklendi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/04\/12\/marsta-yasam-izi-basliklarina-bir-yenisi-daha-eklendi","title":{"rendered":"Sabr\u0131n\u0131z varsa bir \u2018Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam izi\u2019 haberi daha"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u2018Mars\u2019ta hayat varm\u0131\u015f\u2019 temal\u0131 haberlerden b\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilirsiniz. Fakat haz\u0131r M87 galaksisinden gelen, insanl\u0131k tarihinin ilk kara delik foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n heyecan\u0131 hepimizi sarm\u0131\u015fken Budape\u015fte HAS Astronomi ve Yery\u00fcz\u00fc Bilimleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Mekezi\u2019nin yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni habere ufak da olsa bir yer a\u00e7abilirsiniz belki; zira bu seferki Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam bulgular\u0131 epey \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131.
\n<\/span>Macaristanl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n <\/span>Open Astronomy<\/span><\/i> dergisinin 28 Mart say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlerinin temelinde, bundan 42 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Antarktika\u2019da bulunmu\u015f olan ALH-77005 isimli meteorit yat\u0131yor. Japonlar\u0131n 1977-78 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Ulusal Kutup Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Antarktika misyonu kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma esnas\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilen ALH-77005, Mars\u2019taki meteoritlerin %75\u2019i ile ayn\u0131 volkanik ta\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sergiliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

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1977\u2019de, Antarktika\u2019da bulunan ALH-77005 meteoriti. Kaynak: NASA\/Johnson Space Center\/Wikipedia\/EarthSky.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u015eimdilerde, 175 milyon y\u0131l ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen bu meteoritle ilgili bilinenlere, Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam olabilece\u011fine dair izler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi de eklendi. Eklendi de, bunu s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in neden bu kadar beklendi? Cevap basit: Mars\u2019a yollanan g\u00f6zlem ve analiz cihazlar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a k\u0131z\u0131l gezegenin toprak ve atmosfer bile\u015fimini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla orayla ili\u015fkili yap\u0131lar\u0131n inceliklerini giderek daha iyi tan\u0131r ve ay\u0131rt eder olduk. Bu ke\u015fif ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan en me\u015fhuru, yine bir NASA projesi olan ve Mars\u2019a ini\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2012 yaz\u0131ndan bu yana ya\u015fam izi arayan Curiosity olsa gerek. Kendisinin Mars atmosferinde tespit etti\u011fi argon izotopu vesilesiyle ALH-77005 ve benzeri meteoritlerin ayn\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Mars k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara h\u0131z kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme tekniklerindeki keskinle\u015fmenin pay\u0131n\u0131 da unutmamak gerekiyor elbette. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kulland\u0131klar\u0131 FTIR-ATR mikroskobu, optik mikroskobun keskinlik derecesini mikrodoku \u015fablonlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecek kadar ileri d\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131yan bir kapasite sergiliyor. \u0130\u015fte bu derin bak\u0131\u015f sayesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fey, \u00e7ok az bir yan\u0131lma pay\u0131yla, Mars\u2019\u0131n bir zamanlar canl\u0131l\u0131k bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Daha fazla k\u0131vrand\u0131rmay\u0131p, g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinin tasvirine ge\u00e7ecek olursak\u2026
\n<\/span>\u00d6ncelikle belirtelim, akl\u0131n\u0131za \u00f6yle bizim gezegeninkine benzer yap\u0131lar gelmesin. ALH-77005\u2019te saptanan ya\u015fam izi, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki mikroorganizmalar\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan veya bunlar\u0131n kayan\u0131n mineralleri \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlerden olu\u015fan, k\u00fcre veya iplik bi\u00e7imli yap\u0131lardan ibaret. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, meteoritin D\u00fcnya\u2019ya giri\u015f an\u0131nda meydana gelen \u015fok erime cepcikleri i\u00e7inde \u00f6zellikle yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirttikleri bu olu\u015fumlar\u0131n, demir oksitleyici bakterilere ait oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ayr\u0131ca bu cepciklerdeki demir, manganez, fosfor, \u00e7inko ve delta C13 yo\u011funlu\u011funun da biyojeniteye, yani organik hayata i\u015faret eden oranlarda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. \u00dcstelik benzer bulgular\u0131n 1866\u2019da Ukrayna\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fen 500kg\u2019l\u0131k Knyahinya ile 1852\u2019de Romanya\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fen Mez\u00f6-Madaras meteoritlerinde de tespit edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n canl\u0131l\u0131k tezini daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

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ALH-77005\u2019ten al\u0131nan kesitler, erime cepciklerinde mikrobiyal ya\u015fama dair izler (dikd\u00f6rtgen i\u00e7inde) bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Kaynak: Gyollai ve ark.\/EarthSky.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Elbette bu kadar radikal bir konuda ikna olmak kolay de\u011fil. \u00d6zellikle de benzer bir iddian\u0131n 1996\u2019da, yine Antarktika k\u00f6kenli bir ba\u015fka meteorit (ALH-84001) i\u00e7in ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, akabinde ba\u015fka baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma gruplar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu bulgular\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f\/a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yorumlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun belirtildi\u011fi hat\u0131rlanacak olursa. \u00dcstelik ilk a\u015famada ortal\u0131k, d\u00f6nemin ABD ba\u015fkan\u0131 Bill Clinton konuyla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131klama yapacak kadar aya\u011fa kalkm\u0131\u015fken\u2026 O zamanlar ALH-84001 hakk\u0131nda net bir sonuca var\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bakal\u0131m bilim camias\u0131n\u0131n ALH-77005 i\u00e7in son s\u00f6z\u00fc ne olacak? Gezegen bilimcilerden biyologlara, kimyac\u0131lardan yerbilimcilere pek \u00e7ok uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131ndan biliminsan\u0131n\u0131n ortak kanaatiyle verilebilecek bu karar, ALH-77005\u2019i insanl\u0131k tarihinin en me\u015fhur ta\u015f\u0131 m\u0131 yapacak, yoksa uzaydan gelen g\u00f6kcisimleri y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n \u015faibeli \u00fcyelerinden biri olarak m\u0131 b\u0131rakacak, g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaynak
\n<\/b>1) Ildik\u00f3 Gyollai ve ark., \u201cMineralized biosignatures in ALH-77005 Shergottite – Clues to Martian Life?\u201d, <\/span>Open Astronomy<\/span><\/i> (2019). DOI: 10.1515\/astro-2019-0002
\n<\/span>2) Paul Scott Anderson, \u201cNew evidence for life in a Martian meteorite?\u201d, <\/span>EarthSky<\/span><\/i>, 7 Nisan 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018Mars\u2019ta hayat varm\u0131\u015f\u2019 temal\u0131 haberlerden b\u0131km\u0131\u015f olabilirsiniz. Fakat haz\u0131r M87 galaksisinden gelen, insanl\u0131k tarihinin ilk kara delik foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131n heyecan\u0131 hepimizi sarm\u0131\u015fken Budape\u015fte HAS Astronomi ve Yery\u00fcz\u00fc Bilimleri Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Mekezi\u2019nin yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni habere ufak da olsa bir yer a\u00e7abilirsiniz belki; zira bu seferki Mars\u2019ta ya\u015fam bulgular\u0131 epey \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131. Macaristanl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n Open Astronomy dergisinin 28 Mart say\u0131s\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":33791,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,19],"tags":[4776,4777,4775],"class_list":["post-33787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-alh-77005-meteoriti","tag-biyojenite","tag-marsta-yasam"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t