\n<\/strong>Darwin, varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc orta s\u0131n\u0131f bir ailenin ferdi olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Dedesi Erasmus Darwin, bir t\u0131p doktoru ve \u015fanl\u0131 Kraliyet Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00fcyesi olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bir \u015fair, bitki bilimci ve mucittir, Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nde gelen fig\u00fcrlerindendir. \u0130lk e\u015finden \u00fc\u00e7 o\u011flunun en genci Robert Darwin, babas\u0131 Erasmus\u2019un yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 zanaat\u00e7\u0131, \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6mlek fabrikat\u00f6r\u00fc ve giri\u015fimci Josiah Wedgwood\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131 Susannah ile 1796 y\u0131l\u0131nda evlenir. \u00c7iftin d\u00fcnyaya getirdi\u011fi 6 \u00e7ocuktan 5.\u2019si, Charles Darwin olur. Bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda 1809 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an Charles Darwin\u2019in \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde, maddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan uzak ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
Darwin\u2019den 14 y\u0131l daha gen\u00e7 olan Alfred Russel Wallace ise alt orta s\u0131n\u0131f bir ailenin dokuz \u00e7ocu\u011fundan sekizincisi olarak Galler\u2019de d\u00fcnyaya gelir. Alfred Russel\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131, maddi olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7er. Baba Wallace, hukuk okumu\u015f oldu\u011fu halde, mesle\u011fini hi\u00e7 icra etmeyecek, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir gelir ve bir dizi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar sayesinde, ailesini k\u0131t kanaat olsa da ge\u00e7indirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayacakt\u0131r. Ancak doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tuza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp paralar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi nedeniyle, ailesinin maddi durumu daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fir. O kadar ki 1837 y\u0131l\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Alfred Wallace\u2019\u0131 okuldan almaya mecbur kal\u0131rlar. Wallace\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm formal e\u011fitimi, o ya\u015fa kadar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u011fitimden ibarettir. Wallace 1843 y\u0131l\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi ve ayr\u0131ca a\u011fabeyinin i\u015flerinin k\u00f6t\u00fc gitmesi nedeniyle kendi ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flamak zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya gezilerinin sponsorlu\u011fu Bir sponsora sahip olmayan Wallace, arkada\u015f\u0131 Bates ile birlikte giri\u015ftikleri d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k G\u00fcney Amerika seyahatini, biriktirdi\u011fi bir miktar para ve yolculu\u011fu esnas\u0131nda toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayvan ve bitki \u00f6rneklerinin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan elde etti\u011fi gelir ile finanse eder. Sekiz y\u0131ll\u0131k G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya seyahati boyunca da, toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri, zooloji enstit\u00fcleri ve hayvanat bah\u00e7elerine, m\u00fczeler ya da merakl\u0131 \u00f6zel koleksiyonculara sat\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n Politik-ideolojik tercihleri Wallace ise sosyal reformcu Robert Owen\u2019in ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00fctopyac\u0131 sosyalist hareketiyle 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca sosyalist tezlerin bir savunucusu olur. \u201cOwen\u2019\u0131 her zaman insan do\u011fas\u0131 felsefesi konusunda ilk \u00f6\u011fretmenim, sosyal bilimler labirentinde ise ilk rehberim olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr\u201d diye yazacakt\u0131r. \u00d6zel toprak m\u00fclkiyetinin insanlar aras\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli e\u015fitsizlik kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek, Toprak Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00fcyesi olarak aktif bir m\u00fccadele verir.<\/p>\n Wallace\u2019\u0131n madalya t\u00f6renindeki konu\u015fmas\u0131 okunmas\u0131yla d\u00fcnyaya duyurulmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihi olay\u0131 kutlamak amac\u0131yla tam 50 y\u0131l sonra 1908\u2019de ayn\u0131 mek\u00e2nda yap\u0131lan bir merasim vesilesiyle Linne Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez verilen Darwin-Wallace madalyas\u0131, do\u011fal olarak, Wallace\u2019\u0131n kendisine takdim edilir.<\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcr etkinliklerin resmiyetinden her zaman ka\u00e7\u0131nan Wallace, bu kez toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmay\u0131, hatta s\u00f6z almay\u0131 bile kabul eder. 85 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r, daha 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir \u00f6mr\u00fc vard\u0131r. Darwin ise 26 y\u0131l \u00f6nce vefat etmi\u015ftir. Wallace konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, hem kendi hayat\u0131ndan hem de Darwin ile birlikte evrim kuram\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmelerinden ger\u00e7ek bir samimiyetle bahseder. Darwin\u2019in hakk\u0131n\u0131 verir ve ona sayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n Bize evrim kuram\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ran bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck biliminsan\u0131n\u0131, Wallace\u2019\u0131 da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmeden sayg\u0131yla an\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n NOT<\/strong>: Sedat \u00d6l\u00e7er\u2019in Darwin ve Wallace\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve evrim kuram\u0131na nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele alan geni\u015f makalesi Bilim ve Gelecek dergisinin Haziran say\u0131s\u0131nda yer alacak.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Evrim Kuram\u0131 al\u0131\u015f\u0131lageldi\u011fi \u00fczere Charles Darwin\u2019in ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Darwin ile ayn\u0131 fikirlere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Alfred Russel Wallace\u2019\u0131n katk\u0131lar\u0131 genellikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir. Asl\u0131nda bu kuram\u0131n resmi ad\u0131 \u201cDarwin-Wallace Evrim Kuram\u0131\u201dd\u0131r. Wallace\u2019\u0131n arka planda kalmas\u0131nda etkisi ne kadard\u0131r bilinmez, ama Darwin ile Wallace\u2019\u0131n sosyal durumlar\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri aras\u0131ndaki farka de\u011finmek gerekir. S\u0131n\u0131f fark\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1574,"featured_media":34340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[4302,4017,4851,3707],"class_list":["post-34338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-alfred-russel-wallace","tag-charles-darwin","tag-darwin-wallace-madalyasi","tag-evrim-kurami"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34338","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1574"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34338"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34338\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34338"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34338"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34338"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/strong>Doktor mesle\u011fini icra etmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir servetin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan baba Robert Darwin, o\u011flunun bilim tarihinde iz b\u0131rakacak \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00fcnya turunu maddi olarak destekler.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Darwin ile Wallace\u2019\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir di\u011fer unsur, siyasi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ideolojik tercihleridir. Darwin, her ne kadar Tory kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, liberal d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip bir aile gelene\u011finden gelse de (k\u00f6lelik kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck savunucusu John Locke ve Adam Smith hayran\u0131d\u0131r), her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve kentsoylu bir sosyal s\u0131n\u0131fa, establishment\u2019a aittir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Evrim kuram\u0131 ilk olarak 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda Linne Derne\u011fi\u2019nin Londra Piccadilly merkezinde Darwin ile Wallace\u2019\u0131n ortak bildirisinin<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2-7-184x300.jpg\")