{"id":34720,"date":"2019-06-15T03:13:15","date_gmt":"2019-06-15T00:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=34720"},"modified":"2019-06-14T18:22:40","modified_gmt":"2019-06-14T15:22:40","slug":"amerikan-yerlilerinin-kokeninin-kayip-halkasi-sibiryali-sut-disleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/06\/15\/amerikan-yerlilerinin-kokeninin-kayip-halkasi-sibiryali-sut-disleri","title":{"rendered":"Amerikan yerlilerinin k\u00f6keninin kay\u0131p halkas\u0131: Sibiryal\u0131 s\u00fct di\u015fleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kuzeydo\u011fu Sibirya\u2019da bulunan bir arkeolojik b\u00f6lgenin alt katmanlar\u0131nda iki \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekilde bulunan s\u00fct di\u015fleri, daha \u00f6nce varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen bir insan grubunun son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda orada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ke\u015fif ayn\u0131 zamanda Sibirya\u2019da ba\u015fka bir arkeolojik b\u00f6lgede bulunan10 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Amerika\u2019n\u0131n yerlileriyle akraba oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffeden daha geni\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Bu, ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir b\u00f6lgede bu kadar yak\u0131n genetik ba\u011flar\u0131n ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 nitelikteki biliminsanlar\u0131 ekibi,\u00a0 St. John\u2019s Koleji ve Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde g\u00f6revli olan ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Kopenhag \u00dcniversitesi Lundebeck Vakf\u0131 GeoGenetik Merkezi direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Eske Willerslev taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi. Ekip yeni ke\u015ffettikleri insan grubuna \u201cAntik Kuzey Sibiryal\u0131lar\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi ve bu insanlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cinsanl\u0131k tarihinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131\u201d olarak niteledi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34722\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34722\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34722\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-9-300x204.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34722\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yana Nehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki arkeolojik b\u00f6lge. Arkeolog Alla Mashezerskaya 31 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fct di\u015flerinin bulundu\u011fu nesneleri haritaland\u0131r\u0131rken. (foto\u011fraf: Elena Pavlova)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>DNA, Rusya\u2019da Yana nehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir arkeolojik b\u00f6lgede bulunan iki s\u00fct di\u015finden elde edildi. Yana Rhinoceros Horn Site (RHS) olarak bilinen bu arkeolojik b\u00f6lge 2001\u2019de bulunmu\u015ftu ve 2500\u2019den fazla hayvan kemi\u011fi ve fildi\u015fi \u00f6rne\u011fiyle beraber ta\u015ftan aletler ve insan yerle\u015fimine dair kan\u0131tlar bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u015fif 5 Haziran 2019\u2019da do\u011fayla ilgili daha geni\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131 ve Antik Kuzey Sibiryal\u0131lar\u0131n 31 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00e7ok sert ko\u015fullarla m\u00fccadele etiklerini ve t\u00fcyl\u00fc mamut, t\u00fcyl\u00fc gergedan ve bizon avlayarak hayatta kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n<p>Profes\u00f6r Willerslev: \u201cBu insanlar insanl\u0131k tarihinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Asyal\u0131lar\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n atalar\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Ve bir noktada kuzey yar\u0131mk\u00fcrenin geni\u015f b\u00f6lgelerine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 muhtemel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ilk yazar\u0131 Lundebeck Vakf\u0131 GeoGenetik Merkezi\u2019nden Dr. Martin Sikora: \u201cEkstrem ortamlara \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde adapte olabiliyorlard\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek derecede mobillerdi. Bu bulu\u015flar Kuzeydo\u011fu Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n demografik ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, hatta insan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn geneli hakk\u0131nda bildi\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.\u201d \u015feklinde bir eklemede bulundu.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34723\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34723\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34723\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2-8-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34723\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antik Sibiryal\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffine vesile olan 31 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fct di\u015fleri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re b\u00f6lgede n\u00fcfus yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk ki\u015fiydi. Bunlar yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 ki\u015filik daha geni\u015f bir toplulu\u011fun par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131lar. S\u00fct di\u015flerinin genetik incelemesinde, iki bireyde de d\u00f6nemin azalan Neandertal n\u00fcfusunda g\u00f6r\u00fclen akrabalar aras\u0131 \u00fcremeye dair herhangi bir kan\u0131t bulunamad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f6nemin kompleks n\u00fcfus dinami\u011fi ve di\u011fer antik ve yak\u0131n zamanda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f insan gruplar\u0131yla yap\u0131lan genetik kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Kuzey Sibirya ve Orta Rusya\u2019da antik arkeolojik b\u00f6lgelerde bulunan 34 insan genomunu analiz eden daha geni\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak belgelenmekteydi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130svi\u00e7re Bern \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r Laurent Excoffier: \u201cS\u00f6z konusu Antik Kuzey Sibiryal\u0131lar\u0131n Asyal\u0131lardan ziyade Avrupal\u0131lara daha yak\u0131n olduklar\u0131 ve Avrupal\u0131larla Asyal\u0131lar\u0131n ayr\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Bat\u0131 Avrasya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n<p>Biliminsanlar\u0131, Antik Kuzey Sibiryal\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kuzey Avrasya ve Amerika k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f alanlar\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015f insanlar\u0131n mozaik genetik olu\u015fumunu ortaya koydu\u011funu ke\u015ffederek Amerika yerlilerinin soyunun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki eksik par\u00e7ay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanlar\u0131n Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131na, Sibirya\u2019dan Alaska\u2019ya, son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda sular alt\u0131nda kalan Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ge\u00e7en bir kara k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinden geldikleri geni\u015f kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bu atalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Antik Kuzey Sibiryal\u0131larla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f Asyal\u0131 insan gruplar\u0131 \u015feklinde saptamay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Makalenin yazarlar\u0131ndan Dallas Kuzey Metodist \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Profes\u00f6r David Meltzer: \u201cSon buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n doruk noktas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen n\u00fcfus izolasyonu ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili ve as\u0131l olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131 yerlilerinin atalar\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak ki\u015filerin soylar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bilgi sahibi olduk.\u2019\u2019 diye a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulundu.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34724\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34724\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34724\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/3-4-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34724\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yana Nehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki arkeolojik b\u00f6lgede bulunan, bir kafa band\u0131n\u0131n veya sa\u00e7 aksesuar\u0131n\u0131n fildi\u015fi par\u00e7as\u0131. (foto\u011fraf: Elena Pavlova)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Bu ke\u015ffin temeli Sibirya\u2019da Kolyma Nehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan 10 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k erkek kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n DNA analizine dayan\u0131yordu. Bu birey, soyunu Amerikan yerlilerininkine \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olan bir Antik Kuzey Sibiryal\u0131 DNA\u2019s\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Asyal\u0131 DNA\u2019s\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan al\u0131yor. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda Amerika yerlileriyle bu kadar yak\u0131n akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu ilk ke\u015fif.<\/p>\n<p>Profes\u00f6r Willerslev \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cKal\u0131nt\u0131lar genetik olarak Paleo-Sibiryal\u0131 dilleri konu\u015fanlar\u0131n atalar\u0131na ve Amerika yerlilerinin atalar\u0131na \u00e7ok yak\u0131n. Paleo-Sibiryal\u0131larda ve Amerikan yerlilerinde Kolyma imzas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi\u011fimizden dolay\u0131, bu Amerikan yerlilerinin soyunu anlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yapbozda \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7ay\u0131 temsil ediyor. Bu birey Amerikan yerlilerinin soyunun kay\u0131p par\u00e7as\u0131.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2019\/06\/190605133524.htm<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kuzeydo\u011fu Sibirya\u2019da bulunan bir arkeolojik b\u00f6lgenin alt katmanlar\u0131nda iki \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekilde bulunan s\u00fct di\u015fleri, daha \u00f6nce varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmeyen bir insan grubunun son buzul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda orada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu. Bu ke\u015fif ayn\u0131 zamanda Sibirya\u2019da ba\u015fka bir arkeolojik b\u00f6lgede bulunan10 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k insan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Amerika\u2019n\u0131n yerlileriyle akraba oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffeden daha geni\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Bu, ABD [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2027,"featured_media":34721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[4914,244,2776],"class_list":["post-34720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-amerika-yerlileri","tag-arkeoloji","tag-sibirya"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2027"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34720"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34720\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}