{"id":34728,"date":"2019-06-16T05:40:32","date_gmt":"2019-06-16T02:40:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=34728"},"modified":"2019-06-15T23:44:41","modified_gmt":"2019-06-15T20:44:41","slug":"fasulye-sirigi-ve-jack","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/06\/16\/fasulye-sirigi-ve-jack","title":{"rendered":"Fasulye s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Jack"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fasulye s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 masal\u0131nda Jack, satmak i\u00e7in yola koyuldu\u011fu ine\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fasulye tohumlar\u0131 al\u0131r. Eve gelince annesi \u201cYavrum paralar nerede? \u00dc\u00e7 fasulyeye mi satt\u0131n ine\u011fimizi? Yemek falan yok sana bu ak\u015fam, akl\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelsin (?)\u201d diye k\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcz\u00fclen Jack tohumlar\u0131 bir h\u0131\u015f\u0131mla bah\u00e7eye atar ve olaylar geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131rlarsan\u0131z masalda dev \u201cs\u0131r\u0131klar\u201d olu\u015fuyordu. Bu s\u0131r\u0131k dedi\u011fimiz yap\u0131lar asl\u0131nda tendriller ve fasulyenin bulundu\u011fu aileye has morfolojik bir \u00f6zellik. D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7i\u00e7ekli bitki aileleri Orchidaceae ve Asteraceae ile birlikte yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6steren Fabaceae ailesi e\u015f-evrim (co-evolution) i\u00e7in verilebilecek \u015fahane \u00f6rneklere sahip zira tozla\u015fmay\u0131 entomofil, ornitofil ve kiropterofil mekanizmalar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Yani, bu \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6cek, ku\u015f ve yarasa ziyaret ediyor. Bu \u015fahane bir \u015fey ve apayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu. Bana kal\u0131rsa bu ailedeki Pulvinus yani eklem mekanizmalar\u0131 da bir o kadar ilgin\u00e7. \u201cK\u00fcst\u00fcm \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi\u201dni tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum; bilimsel ismiyle Mimosa pudica<\/em>. Fabaceae ailesine ait bu \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenebilen eklem mekanizmalar\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir yaz\u0131 konusu.<\/p>\n

Jack o kocaman fasulye bitkilerinin (Phaseolus)<\/em> k\u00f6k\u00fcne baksayd\u0131 ne g\u00f6recekti? Dev nod\u00fcller. Dev k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 nod\u00fcller. Bu ailenin hemen hemen her \u00fcyesinin k\u00f6klerinde simbiyotik bakteriler vard\u0131r: rhizobium (antik yunanca, rhizo: k\u00f6k, bios: ya\u015fam) bakterileri. Bu bakteriler azot d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Atmosferimizdeki azot gaz\u0131ndan bitkiler do\u011frudan faydalanam\u0131yorlar. Bildi\u011finiz gibi azot bitki i\u00e7in bir ihtiya\u00e7. Azottan faydalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 yolu mevcut. Ya\u011fmur bir se\u00e7enektir; \u015fim\u015fek sayesinde ya\u011fmur suyuyla birlikte topra\u011fa nitrat d\u00fc\u015fer. B\u00f6cekle beslenen bitkiler de bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bir di\u011feri aminizasyonla ba\u015flayan toprak mikroorganizmalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi toprak alt\u0131ndaki bedenlerle, d\u0131\u015fk\u0131larla ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki mezarl\u0131klarda maalesef kontroll\u00fc bir ye\u015fillendirme yok. Belki de kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret edenlerin mezarl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra \u201c\u00fczerime bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u201d demelerinin sebebi budur. Toksik bir gaz\u0131 soluman\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sars\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r belki.<\/p>\n

Azot fiksasyonuyla devam edelim. Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz dev nod\u00fcller olarak kolonile\u015fen bu simbiyotik aerobik bakteriler bitkinin k\u00f6k h\u00fccresini enfekte ederek \u00e7o\u011falmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni ise k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 kan h\u00fccrelerimizdeki hemoglobinle benzer yap\u0131da bulunan leghemoglobin pigmenti.<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir t\u00fcr yonca, fasulye, bezelye ya da bu aileye ait bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek olursa bu g\u00fczel bakterileri inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fasulye s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 masal\u0131nda Jack, satmak i\u00e7in yola koyuldu\u011fu ine\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fasulye tohumlar\u0131 al\u0131r. Eve gelince annesi \u201cYavrum paralar nerede? \u00dc\u00e7 fasulyeye mi satt\u0131n ine\u011fimizi? Yemek falan yok sana bu ak\u015fam, akl\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na gelsin (?)\u201d diye k\u0131zd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fcz\u00fclen Jack tohumlar\u0131 bir h\u0131\u015f\u0131mla bah\u00e7eye atar ve olaylar geli\u015fir. Hat\u0131rlarsan\u0131z masalda dev \u201cs\u0131r\u0131klar\u201d olu\u015fuyordu. Bu s\u0131r\u0131k dedi\u011fimiz yap\u0131lar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":874,"featured_media":34729,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[4916,2052,4915],"class_list":["post-34728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-azot","tag-bakteriler","tag-fasulye"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t