{"id":34865,"date":"2019-06-25T03:43:06","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T00:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=34865"},"modified":"2019-06-27T10:33:06","modified_gmt":"2019-06-27T07:33:06","slug":"insan-ailesi-hangi-ust-aileden-turedi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/06\/25\/insan-ailesi-hangi-ust-aileden-turedi","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan ailesi hangi \u00fcst aileden t\u00fcredi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 20-25 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden itibaren insan\u0131ms\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen yepyeni bir \u00fcst ailenin tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu \u00fcst aile bir bak\u0131ma bizi de yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirmektedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan ailesi ile goril, \u015fempanze, orangutan ve jibonu i\u00e7ine alan aile taksonomik olarak bu \u00fcst aile i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. \u0130nsan ailesinin evrim s\u00fcrecini ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te rol oynayan i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f dinamikleri daha iyi alg\u0131layabilmemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan insan ailesi \u00f6ncesinde ne olup bitti\u011fini bilmemiz \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130nsan ailesi ile goril, \u015fempanze ve orangutan\u0131n dahil oldu\u011fu iri primat ailesinin ortak atas\u0131 say\u0131lan \u00fcst ailenin t\u00fcrleri zaman ve mek\u00e2n i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m ve ne gibi biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlenme g\u00f6steriyordu? \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zaman\u0131n ortalar\u0131 bize bu konuda de\u011ferli bilgiler vermektedir. Afrika ve Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n miyosen \u00e7a\u011fdaki insan\u0131ms\u0131lar\u0131na ait \u00e7ok say\u0131da fosil buluntu bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 insan\u0131ms\u0131lar miyosen sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru uyumsal ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremeyip yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden silindiler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir evrim s\u00fcreci izleyerek bug\u00fcn Asya ve Afrika\u2019da ya\u015fayan iri primatlara ve insan ailesine do\u011fru geli\u015ftiler. Son y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019da \u00c7ad, Etyopya ve Kenya\u2019daki tortusal tabakalar i\u00e7inde b\u00f6yle bir ortak yazg\u0131y\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan formlar\u0131n fosilleri g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Asl\u0131nda 5-7 milyon y\u0131l aras\u0131ndaki zaman dilimi insan ailesinin benzersiz evrimiyle ilgili anahtar\u0131 elinde tutmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlaml\u0131 zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde bir taraftan \u015fempanzenin ait oldu\u011fu ailenin, di\u011fer taraftan insan\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu ailenin ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131k evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler izlemelerine zemin haz\u0131rlayan fizyolojik, anatomik ve davran\u0131\u015f k\u00f6kenli de\u011fi\u015fmeler olu\u015ftu. Genlerimiz Afrika\u2019da ya\u015famakta olan bonobo (c\u00fcce \u015fempanze) ve iri \u015fempanze ile olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor. Afrika ve Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n miyosen \u00e7a\u011fdaki insan\u0131ms\u0131lar\u0131na ait bine yak\u0131n fosil buluntu bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 insan\u0131ms\u0131lar miyosen sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru uyumsal ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremeyip yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden silindi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir evrimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 ge\u00e7irerek bug\u00fcn Asya ve Afrika\u2019da ya\u015fayan iri primatlara ve insan ailesine do\u011fru evrimle\u015fti. (1)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34867\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34867\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34867\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/2-20-300x269.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"269\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34867\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genlerimiz Afrika\u2019da ya\u015famakta olan bonobo (c\u00fcce \u015fempanze) ve iri \u015fempanze ile olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Kimi ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lara g\u00f6re, miyosen \u00e7a\u011fdan itibaren meyve t\u00fcr\u00fc besinlerin temelini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fik bir beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yeni bir davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc zaman ortalar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan di\u011fer primatlara oranla daha geli\u015fmi\u015f ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir beyinle donanm\u0131\u015f yeni formlar, her t\u00fcr \u00e7evreye h\u0131zla uyum sa\u011flayabilecek potansiyele eri\u015fti ve giderek insan\u0131ms\u0131 \u00fcst ailenin t\u00fcrlerini meydana getirdi. Belki bizim bilmedi\u011fimiz ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rler de atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Son y\u0131llarda Afrika\u2019da \u00c7ad, Etiyopya ve Kenya\u2019da kurumu\u015f g\u00f6l \u00e7\u00f6kelleri i\u00e7inde g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve \u015fempanze ile insan\u0131n ortak atas\u0131 \u00e7izgisinde oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli fosiller ele ge\u00e7ti. Bu kritik e\u015fik ailemizin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imiyle ilgili bir\u00e7ok s\u0131rlar\u0131 saklamaktad\u0131r. Fosil ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na paralel olarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen molek\u00fcler biyoloji alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kandaki protein analizi ve h\u00fccrelerdeki DNA analizi goril, \u015fempanze ve insan cinslerinin ne zaman ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verdi. \u0130nsan ailesinin temeli zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00f6nce (Z\u00d6) 14 ile 5 milyon y\u0131l aras\u0131nda at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu anlaml\u0131 zaman dilimi i\u00e7inde bir yandan insan, di\u011fer yandan goril-\u015fempanze ailelerinin geli\u015fmelerine zemin haz\u0131rlayabilecek ko\u015fullar olu\u015ftu. Baz\u0131 spesifik davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri veya biyolojik ba\u011flamda yeni uyumsal anatomik \u00f6zellikler bunlar aras\u0131nda say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dipnot:<\/strong> Rosen, 1974<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak: <\/strong>Metin \u00d6zbek, 50 Soruda \u0130nsan\u0131n Tarih \u00d6ncesi Evrimi, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2015, s.58-60<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 20-25 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden itibaren insan\u0131ms\u0131 ad\u0131 verilen yepyeni bir \u00fcst ailenin tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu \u00fcst aile bir bak\u0131ma bizi de yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirmektedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan ailesi ile goril, \u015fempanze, orangutan ve jibonu i\u00e7ine alan aile taksonomik olarak bu \u00fcst aile i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. \u0130nsan ailesinin evrim s\u00fcrecini ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te rol [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":34866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3624],"tags":[523,242,2832,272,200,289,555],"class_list":["post-34865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sorularla-bilim","tag-afrika","tag-anatomi","tag-bonobolar","tag-dna","tag-evrim","tag-fizyoloji","tag-insan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}