{"id":34909,"date":"2019-06-27T03:35:44","date_gmt":"2019-06-27T00:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=34909"},"modified":"2019-06-26T17:40:46","modified_gmt":"2019-06-26T14:40:46","slug":"diger-ulkelerde-kullanimi-yasak-olan-bircok-tarim-ilaci-abdde-hala-kullanimda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/06\/27\/diger-ulkelerde-kullanimi-yasak-olan-bircok-tarim-ilaci-abdde-hala-kullanimda","title":{"rendered":"Di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasak olan bir\u00e7ok tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 ABD\u2019de h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131mda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Environmental Health dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan rapora g\u00f6re, Avrupa Birli\u011fi, \u00c7in veya Brezilya\u2019da \u00e7evre ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na potansiyel zararlar\u0131 nedeniyle kullan\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015f veya a\u015famal\u0131 olarak durdurulma s\u00fcrecinde olan toplam 85 tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 ABD\u2019de h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131mda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Portland, Oregon\u2019daki Biyolojik \u00c7e\u015fitlilik Merkezi\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Nathan Donley\u2019in 500\u2019den fazla kimyasal\u0131n d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131m devindeki onay durumunu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, a\u00e7\u0131k havada kullan\u0131lan bu 85 kimyasal\u0131n 72\u2019sinin Avrupa Birli\u011fi, 17\u2019sinin Brezilya ve 11\u2019inin \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kademeli olarak durdurulma a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Ayr\u0131ca bunlardan en az iki \u00fclkede yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun son 10 y\u0131lda ABD\u2019deki kullan\u0131m\u0131nda bir azalma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya konulmu\u015f. Di\u011fer yandan bu \u00fclkelerden en az birinde halen kullan\u0131lmakta olup ABD\u2019de yasakl\u0131 bulunan sadece 4 kimyasal var.<\/p>\n

Rapora g\u00f6re, ABD\u2019nin 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplam miktar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 146 milyon kg\u2019\u0131 buluyor. Bu miktar, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor. Buna ek olarak, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 18 milyon kg\u2019\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de, 12 milyon kg\u2019\u0131 ise Brezilya\u2019da kullan\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015f veya a\u015famal\u0131 olarak durdurulma s\u00fcrecinde olan ila\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda. Raporda konuyla ilgili olarak, ABD\u2019nin zararl\u0131 ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme konusunda di\u011fer tar\u0131m devlerinin bu derece gerisinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131n korkun\u00e7lu\u011funu ifade ediyor. Di\u011fer devletlerce halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi riskler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle yasaklanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcz milyonlarca kg kimyasal\u0131n hala kullan\u0131mda olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi, ABD\u2019nin bu alandaki yasal \u00f6nlemlerinin yetersizli\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

1970\u2019te kurulan Birle\u015fik Devletler \u00c7evre Koruma Ajans\u0131 (EPA), insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek hangi tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131na onay verilece\u011fine karar veren ABD\u2019deki yeg\u00e2ne merci. Rapora g\u00f6re, ABD\u2019de kullan\u0131m\u0131 durdurulan tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 1970\u2019ten beri toplam 134 ilac\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ancak bunlardan sadece 37\u2019si EPA taraf\u0131ndan yasaklanm\u0131\u015f. Geriye kalan 97\u2019sinin ise, bu ila\u00e7lar i\u00e7in EPA\u2019dan bizzat izin alm\u0131\u015f olan tar\u0131m end\u00fcstrisindeki gruplar ve \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015f. Raporda belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re bu durum g\u00f6steriyor ki, ABD hangi ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde birincil olarak, ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisinin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dayanan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsiyor. Bu konuda yasal sorumlulu\u011fu olan EPA ise ikinci planda kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde EPA\u2019n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklama kararlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131rken, \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc durdurma kararlar\u0131 giderek artm\u0131\u015f. Rapora g\u00f6re, tar\u0131m end\u00fcstrisi taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131 durdurulan ila\u00e7lar, genellikle EPA\u2019n\u0131n verdi\u011fi izin s\u00fcresini doldurmu\u015f ve piyasada daha etkili ve ucuz muadilleri bulunan ila\u00e7lardan meydana geliyor. \u015eirketlerin har\u00e7 \u00f6deyerek bu ila\u00e7lar\u0131 tekrardan EPA\u2019ya onaylatmak yerine, yeni \u00e7\u0131kan ila\u00e7lara y\u00f6nelmeyi daha k\u00e2rl\u0131 bulmas\u0131 burada \u00f6nemli bir etken oluyor. Bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak, ABD\u2019de tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131mdan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla, insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 olumsuzluklardan ziyade ekonomik gerek\u00e7eler \u00f6n plana konularak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n

Yasalar\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, EPA\u2019n\u0131n bu konudaki d\u00fczenleyici rol\u00fcn\u00fc etkin bir \u015fekilde yerine getirememesiyle birle\u015ferek, hangi tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131mda kal\u0131p, hangilerinin kalmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bizzat tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 end\u00fcstrisinin kontrol\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131yor. Raporda, \u201cEPA\u2019n\u0131n bu g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck mekanizmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, ABD zararl\u0131 tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesinde di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin gerisinde kalmaya devam edecektir\u201d diye belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong>
\n1) https:\/\/ehjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0488-0
\n2) https:\/\/biologicaldiversity.org\/w\/news\/press-releases\/united-states-uses-85-pesticides-outlawed-in-other-countries-2019-06-06\/
\n3) https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/united-states-pesticides-banned-other-countries<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Haziran ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Environmental Health dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan rapora g\u00f6re, Avrupa Birli\u011fi, \u00c7in veya Brezilya\u2019da \u00e7evre ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na potansiyel zararlar\u0131 nedeniyle kullan\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015f veya a\u015famal\u0131 olarak durdurulma s\u00fcrecinde olan toplam 85 tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 ABD\u2019de h\u00e2l\u00e2 kullan\u0131mda bulunuyor. Portland, Oregon\u2019daki Biyolojik \u00c7e\u015fitlilik Merkezi\u2019nde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Nathan Donley\u2019in 500\u2019den fazla kimyasal\u0131n d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131m devindeki onay durumunu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":677,"featured_media":34910,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[4949,4951,4950],"class_list":["post-34909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-cevre-sorunu","tag-ilac-endustrisi","tag-tarim-ilaclari"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t