{"id":35145,"date":"2019-07-03T03:20:23","date_gmt":"2019-07-03T00:20:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=35145"},"modified":"2019-07-02T15:51:30","modified_gmt":"2019-07-02T12:51:30","slug":"bazi-sinir-hucreleri-beyinde-iki-temel-gorevi-de-ustleniyor-goruntunun-rengini-ve-seklini-belirlemek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/07\/03\/bazi-sinir-hucreleri-beyinde-iki-temel-gorevi-de-ustleniyor-goruntunun-rengini-ve-seklini-belirlemek","title":{"rendered":"Baz\u0131 sinir h\u00fccreleri, beyinde iki temel g\u00f6revi de \u00fcstleniyor: G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn rengini ve \u015feklini belirlemek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Beyindeki baz\u0131 sinir h\u00fccreleri, ayn\u0131 anda bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6revi yerine getirmek \u00fczerine programl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Makak maymunlar\u0131na dair yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, renge ve \u015fekle ili\u015fkin yan\u0131tlar\u0131n beyinde bu tip \u00e7ok programl\u0131 h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n<p>28 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc Science dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131nda, beynin arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan ve g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan h\u00fccrelerin, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bir y\u00f6n\u00fcne ili\u015fkin bilgileri i\u015fledi\u011fine ili\u015fkin daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan kalma bilgiler s\u0131raland\u0131. Baz\u0131 biliminsanlar\u0131; burada s\u0131ralanan bilgilerdeki gibi bir nesnenin rengi veya o nesnenin bulundu\u011fu \u00e7evreye uyumu, yerle\u015fimi ile \u015fekli unsurlar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rmeye ili\u015fkin a\u015famalar\u0131n, g\u00f6rsel i\u015flemin sonraki a\u015famalar\u0131nda di\u011fer beyin h\u00fccreleri taraf\u0131ndan tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden yola \u00e7\u0131karak bu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n daha eksiksiz bir resmini olu\u015fturdular.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35147\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35147\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-35147 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1-9-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1-9-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1-9-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1-9-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1-9.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35147\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">G\u00f6z\u00fcn Retina tabakas\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan sinir u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201coptik sinir\u201d ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fumu ile g\u00f6revli beyin b\u00f6lgesine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6rsel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Daha \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bilindi\u011fi gibi; insanlarda g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan sinirlerin bulundu\u011fu Retina\u2019da, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alg\u0131lamak ile buradan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgiyi aktarmaya programl\u0131 koni ve \u00e7ubuk h\u00fccreleri bulunur. Bu h\u00fccrelerin temel g\u00f6revi; \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin bilgiyi alg\u0131lamak ve bu bilgiyi aktarmak olsa da, \u0131\u015f\u0131k ile birlikte g\u00f6nderilen renge ve \u015fekle ili\u015fkin bilgilerin de buradan alg\u0131lan\u0131p beynin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc olu\u015fturmak ile g\u00f6revli olan b\u00f6lgesine aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyordu. Ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc olu\u015fturmak ile g\u00f6revli b\u00f6lgede bulunan h\u00fccrelerin, hem objenin rengine hem de objenin \u015fekline ili\u015fkin bilgileri ayn\u0131 zamanda de\u011ferlendirdikleri bilinmiyordu. \u00dcstelik bu bilgiler ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te ayn\u0131 h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendiriliyor. Yani beyinde bulunan baz\u0131 sinir h\u00fccreleri, g\u00f6rme \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok programl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lara sahip yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadaise maymunlar, ekranda hareket halinde bulunan bir dizi \u00e7izgiye bakt\u0131. Her seferinde olas\u0131 12 renkten biriyle renklendirilmi\u015f \u00e7izgilerden biri, iki a\u00e7\u0131da d\u00f6nen \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 benzeri bir etki yaratarak belirli a\u00e7\u0131larda hareket ediyordu.<\/p>\n<p>Aktif hale geldiklerinde sinir h\u00fccrelerinin parlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan genetik hileler kullanan biliminsanlar\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u015fleyen h\u00fccrelerin bulundu\u011fu beyin alan\u0131ndaki hareketi izlediler.<\/p>\n<p>V1 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, beynin arka b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan k\u0131s\u0131m; g\u00f6rmeye ili\u015fkin sinyallerin yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk b\u00f6lgelerdir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar; yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile i\u015faret ettikleri ve favori renkleri ile boyanan h\u00fccrelerin \u00e7o\u011funun, \u00e7izgiler i\u00e7in de favori konumunda oldu\u011funu buldu. Ekip \u00fcyeleri, \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemi nedeniyle, primatlar\u0131n V1 b\u00f6lgesine ili\u015fkin modeller g\u00fcncellenmeli. Bu alana dair yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmal\u0131.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n<p>Kaynak: https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/brain-vision-cells-detect-both-color-and-shape<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Beyindeki baz\u0131 sinir h\u00fccreleri, ayn\u0131 anda bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6revi yerine getirmek \u00fczerine programl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Makak maymunlar\u0131na dair yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, renge ve \u015fekle ili\u015fkin yan\u0131tlar\u0131n beyinde bu tip \u00e7ok programl\u0131 h\u00fccreler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. 28 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc Science dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131nda, beynin arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan ve g\u00f6rmeyi sa\u011flayan h\u00fccrelerin, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca bir y\u00f6n\u00fcne [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":35148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[254,4991,788,4990],"class_list":["post-35145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-beyin","tag-gorme-olayi","tag-retina","tag-sinir-hucreleri"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35145"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35145\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}