{"id":35512,"date":"2019-07-23T03:23:18","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T00:23:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=35512"},"modified":"2019-07-25T12:15:42","modified_gmt":"2019-07-25T09:15:42","slug":"evrenin-temel-ozellikleri-nelerdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/07\/23\/evrenin-temel-ozellikleri-nelerdir","title":{"rendered":"Evren’in temel \u00f6zellikleri nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evren\u2019in temel \u00f6zellikleri izotropik ve homojen olu\u015fu ve evrim ge\u00e7irmesidir. Yaln\u0131z bu evrim, biyolojik anlamda bildi\u011fimiz evrimden farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve daha \u00e7ok zaman i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131, geli\u015fmeyi anlat\u0131r. Evren dinamiktir ve ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana s\u00fcrekli bir de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ak\u0131l almaz s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemlerden ge\u00e7mi\u015f, giderek so\u011fumu\u015ftur. Bu so\u011fuma h\u00e2l\u00e2 da s\u00fcrer; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Evren geni\u015fler. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerinden bu yana Evren\u2019in i\u00e7eri\u011fi de de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Evren\u2019in ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde ne g\u00f6kadalar ne de y\u0131ld\u0131zlar vard\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Evren\u2019de yaln\u0131zca hidrojen, helyum ve eser miktarda da lityum ve berilyum bulunuyordu -hatta daha da \u00f6ncesinde bunlar da yoktu, Evren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cak bir temel par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00e7orbas\u0131 halindeydi. Ama zamanla so\u011fudu seyrekle\u015fti ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ile g\u00f6kadalar olu\u015ftu; y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan elementler, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda uzaya yay\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00f6kadalar\u0131n ve yeni olu\u015fan y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n madde i\u00e7eri\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fti, \u00e7e\u015fitlendi. Zamanla g\u00f6kadalar da de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irdi. Bunun yan\u0131nda Evren geni\u015fledik\u00e7e g\u00f6kada k\u00fcmelerinin aras\u0131 giderek a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, Evren\u2019in yo\u011funlu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca Evren\u2019in geni\u015fleme h\u0131z\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fti; \u00f6nce artarken bir d\u00f6nem yava\u015flad\u0131 sonra yine h\u0131zland\u0131 -g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde h\u0131zla geni\u015flemesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Evren, B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama an\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u201cevrim\u201d ge\u00e7irdi ve bu evrim h\u00e2l\u00e2 da s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Evren\u2019in ikinci temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi izotropik olu\u015fudur; yani Evren her y\u00f6nde ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Asl\u0131nda Evren\u2019in bu temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi ilk bak\u0131\u015fta biraz kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ne yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde, ne G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nde ne de g\u00f6kadalar aras\u0131 uzayda de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin Samanyolu izotropik de\u011fildir. Bir merkezi vard\u0131r, kenarlar\u0131 ve kollar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar homojen olmayan bir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterirler. Hangi noktas\u0131ndan bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, o noktaya \u00f6zg\u00fc bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 durum Samanyolu\u2019nun yak\u0131n \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. G\u00f6kadalar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler -g\u00f6kada k\u00fcmeleri- vard\u0131r ve bu grupla\u015fmalar\u0131n aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bo\u015fluklar bulunur. De\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nlere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 de birbirine benzer olmayan \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Evren\u2019in izotropik olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde fark edilemez; onun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nlerde farkl\u0131 g\u00f6kcisimlerinin de\u011fi\u015fik d\u00fczeylerde \u00f6beklenmeleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Evren\u2019in izotropikli\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in ona \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte -200 milyon \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck- bakmak gerekir. En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc teleskoplarla yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemler Evren\u2019in her y\u00f6nde ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Ne kadar derine -uza\u011fa- bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Evren\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nlerde o kadar benzer bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.\"\"<\/p>\n

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Evren\u2019in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde (yanda) bir milyar \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzakl\u0131k i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bu taramada iki milyon g\u00f6kadada birer nokta olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu, herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesinde dikkat \u00e7ekici bir bo\u015fluk ya da grupla\u015fma olmayan, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz (izotropik) bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Evren\u2019in bir ba\u015fka temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi de her b\u00f6lgesinin, her k\u00f6\u015fesinin benzer olu\u015fudur; yani \u00f6zellikle farkl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgesi yoktur. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle Evren homojendir. Bu \u00f6zellik de yine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Evren i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde Evren hi\u00e7 de homojen de\u011fildir. G\u00f6kadalar\u0131n ve g\u00f6kada k\u00fcmelerinin milyonlarca \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131ll\u0131k kenarlar\u0131 olan k\u00fcpler i\u00e7indeki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 bile benzerlik g\u00f6stermez. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte e\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki k\u00fcplerin i\u00e7inde belirgin bi\u00e7imde farkl\u0131 miktarda g\u00f6kada bulunur ve bunlar farkl\u0131 \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler olu\u015fturur. Ancak \u00f6l\u00e7ek iyice b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm homojenle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Evren\u2019in homojen ve izotropik oldu\u011fu Kozmoloji \u0130lkesi adl\u0131 bir ilkeyle ortaya konur. Buna g\u00f6re Evren\u2019deki g\u00f6kadalar\u0131n yo\u011funluklar\u0131 Evren\u2019in her k\u00f6\u015fesinde ayn\u0131d\u0131r; konuma ya da y\u00f6ne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fmez. Evren\u2019deki her yer birbirine e\u015fittir; hi\u00e7bir \u00f6zel yer, b\u00f6lge yoktur. Evren\u2019in farkl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgesi yoktur. Einstein bunu 1931\u2019de \u201c… Evren\u2019de her yer birbirinin benzeridir…\u201d diyerek \u00f6zetlemi\u015ftir. Kozmoloji \u0130lkesi asl\u0131nda Evren\u2019in bir merkezinin ve kenarlar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 -e\u011fer olsayd\u0131 kenar b\u00f6lgeler ile orta b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda farklar olurdu- ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6zel bir yerin -merkez- bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Kozmoloji \u0130lkesi\u2019nin do\u011frulu\u011funu g\u00f6steren en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kan\u0131tlardan biri Evren\u2019in ilk d\u00f6nemlerinden kalan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc olan \u201ckozmik mikrodalga arka plan \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130zotropi, homojenlik ve geni\u015flemeyi ak\u0131lda canland\u0131rabilmek i\u00e7in Mark Whittle\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir benzetmeye ba\u015fvurmada yarar var: \u201c\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ormanda oldu\u011funuzu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. \u00c7evrenizdeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n her biri bir g\u00f6kadaya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelsin. \u00c7evrenize bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda her y\u00f6nde ayn\u0131 \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz -izotropi. Herhangi bir y\u00f6nde saatlerce y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcn. Orman ve a\u011fa\u00e7lar ayn\u0131d\u0131r; yani homojendir. Bu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck orman\u0131n bir gezegenin b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00fczeyini kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Hangi y\u00f6nde ne kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrseniz y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcn orman\u0131n yani gezegenin bir kenar\u0131na gelemezsiniz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yoktur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n orman\u0131n yani gezegenin y\u00fczeyinin belli bir alan\u0131 vard\u0131r; sonsuz de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ormanda \u201cmerkez\u201d olacak -di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131- herhangi bir yer de yoktur. Her yer birbirine e\u015fittir. Bu varsay\u0131msal gezegenin zamanla \u015fi\u015fti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Bu da Evren\u2019in geni\u015flemesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Her a\u011fa\u00e7 yani her g\u00f6kada birbirinden uzakla\u015f\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u011fa\u00e7 yoktur; b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011fa\u00e7lar birbirlerinden uzakla\u015f\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>\u00c7a\u011flar Sunay, 50 Soruda Evren, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ekim 2011, s. 204-207<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evren\u2019in temel \u00f6zellikleri izotropik ve homojen olu\u015fu ve evrim ge\u00e7irmesidir. Yaln\u0131z bu evrim, biyolojik anlamda bildi\u011fimiz evrimden farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve daha \u00e7ok zaman i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131, geli\u015fmeyi anlat\u0131r. Evren dinamiktir ve ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana s\u00fcrekli bir de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta ak\u0131l almaz s\u0131cak d\u00f6nemlerden ge\u00e7mi\u015f, giderek so\u011fumu\u015ftur. Bu so\u011fuma h\u00e2l\u00e2 da s\u00fcrer; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Evren geni\u015fler. \u0130lk d\u00f6nemlerinden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":35513,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3624],"tags":[657,200,1652,297,5062,324],"class_list":["post-35512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sorularla-bilim","tag-evren","tag-evrim","tag-gokada","tag-gunes-sistemi","tag-izotropi","tag-kozmoloji"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t