{"id":35744,"date":"2019-07-30T03:04:58","date_gmt":"2019-07-30T00:04:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=35744"},"modified":"2019-07-30T13:24:24","modified_gmt":"2019-07-30T10:24:24","slug":"japonya-asteroide-inerek-ne-yapmak-nereye-varmak-istemektedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/07\/30\/japonya-asteroide-inerek-ne-yapmak-nereye-varmak-istemektedir","title":{"rendered":"Japonya asteroide inerek ne yapmak, nereye varmak istemektedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Japonya, Hayabusa-2 adl\u0131 arac\u0131n\u0131 Aral\u0131k 2014\u2019te uzaya u\u011furlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arac\u0131n g\u00f6revi, asteroit Ryugu\u2019yu ke\u015ffetmek ve \u00fczerinden \u00f6rnek toplamakt\u0131. Ara\u00e7 hedefine Haziran 2018\u2019de ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6nce uzaktan g\u00f6zlemler yapt\u0131; asteroidin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimini \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc, y\u00fczeye inme provalar\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Nisan ay\u0131nda ara\u00e7tan y\u00fczeye bir kutu patlay\u0131c\u0131 at\u0131ld\u0131. Ama\u00e7, y\u00fczeydeki kayalar\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fclemek ve y\u00fczeyin alt\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 materyalleri toprak \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131. Temmuzun 11\u2019inde ise ara\u00e7 Ryugu\u2019ya indi ve kaya ve toprak kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu sene sonunda da D\u00fcnya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Peki neden Ryugu\u2019yu se\u00e7tiler? Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck asteroit yakla\u015f\u0131k 900 metre \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131nda 211 milyon kilometrelik bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngede dolan\u0131yor. C tipi bir asteroit, yani organik karbon molek\u00fclleri, su ve muhtemelen amino asit a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin. Amino asitler proteinlerin yap\u0131ta\u015flar\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131n evrilmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131lar. H\u00e2l\u00e2 tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir teoriye g\u00f6re ise D\u00fcnya\u2019ya ya\u015fam\u0131 amino asit ta\u015f\u0131yan bir asteroit getirdi. G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ndeki baz\u0131 asteroitler 4,5 milyar y\u0131l \u00f6nce olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu zaman dilimi gezegenlerin de toz bulutundan yo\u011funla\u015fma evresine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zamana denk geliyor. Bu asteroitlerden elde edilecek her bulgu G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6yleyebilir.<\/p>\n

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Soldaki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ara\u00e7 y\u00fczeye de\u011fmeden 4 saniye \u00f6nce \u00e7ekildi. Sa\u011f \u00fcstteki de\u011fme an\u0131, Sa\u011f alttaki ise de\u011fdikten 4 saniye sonra. Arac\u0131n kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 toz bulutu son foto\u011frafta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu Japonya\u2019n\u0131n ikinci ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 denemesi. \u0130lkini,Hayabusa arac\u0131 Itokawa adl\u0131 S tipi asteroide inerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczeye inen ara\u00e7 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rnekler ile 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. G\u00f6rev s\u00fcrecinde y\u00fczey arac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 gibi aksakl\u0131klar olsa da toplanan par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, asteroidin yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k ve D\u00fcnya\u2019ya s\u0131kl\u0131kla d\u00fc\u015fen meteorlarla benzer \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Japonya Uzay Ajans\u0131 (JAXA) asteroit g\u00f6revlerine \u00e7ok \u00f6nem veriyor ve son g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdikleri teknoloji sayesinde daha g\u00fcvenilir, derin uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Uzay ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 uzay\u0131n derinliklerine yollaman\u0131n yolu ise hibrit itki sistemlerinden ge\u00e7iyor. \u0130lk Hayabusa tecr\u00fcbesinin getirileri sayesinde JAXA arac\u0131n itki sisteminde iyile\u015ftirmeler yapt\u0131. Japonlar, \u00f6nceki g\u00f6rev ile ilk defa mikrodalga iyon iticiyi uzayda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde kullanan ekip olmu\u015ftu. Bu iticiye bir de kimyasal itici e\u015flik etti ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak y\u00f6r\u00fcnge hareketlerini, y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini ve D\u00fcnya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. Hayabusa-2 de ayn\u0131 sistemlere sahip. Hidrazin ve oksijenin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 ile 20 Newtonluk kuvvet olu\u015fturan kimyasal iticiden 12 tane yerle\u015ftirildi. Y\u00fczeye inme s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fmas\u0131 muhtemel gaz ka\u00e7aklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 borular\u0131n kaynaklama prosed\u00fcr\u00fc dahil pek \u00e7ok konuda iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Mikrodalga iyon iticilerden ise d\u00f6rt tane yerle\u015ftirildi. Toplam 28 miliNewton kuvvet olu\u015fturan iticiler i\u00e7in 60 kg Ksenon gaz\u0131 araca y\u00fcklendi. Y\u00fcksek itki gerektiren durumlarda kimyasal itici kullan\u0131l\u0131rken y\u00f6r\u00fcngedeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler i\u00e7in iyon itici kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Asterodin yakla\u015f\u0131k boyutu. (JAXA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tabii bu uzun yolculuk s\u00fcresince arac\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki aletler, sens\u00f6rler olumsuz etkilenmemeli ve gerekti\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olmal\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Hayabusa-2 arac\u0131 \u00fczerinde optik navigasyon kameras\u0131, termal k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi kamera, spektrometre ve lazer y\u00fckseklik \u00f6l\u00e7er gibi ekipmanlar ta\u015f\u0131yor. Optik kamera ve y\u00fckseklik \u00f6l\u00e7er arac\u0131 konumland\u0131r\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda asteroidin \u015fekli, y\u00fczey topografisi, k\u00fctlesi ve hareketi hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriyor. Termal kamera ve spektrometre ise y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fczeydeki minerallerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hesapl\u0131yor. Y\u00fczeyden \u00f6rnek toplamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli sondalardan ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck robotlardan yararlan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’nin olu\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131nda, toz bulutu i\u00e7inde bulunan organik molek\u00fcllerin \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimleriyle disk gibi yap\u0131lar kurdu\u011fu ve sonunda yo\u011funla\u015farak gezegene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Hayabusa-2\u2019nin Ryugu g\u00f6revi bu d\u00f6nem boyunca hangi molek\u00fcllerin etkin oldu\u011funu belirlemek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu g\u00f6rev bilimsel bir soruya yan\u0131t araman\u0131n yan\u0131nda getirdi\u011fi teknolojik geli\u015fmeler ile de gelecekteki zorlu g\u00f6revler i\u00e7in mihenk ta\u015f\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

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Hayabusa-2’nin ekipman\u0131yla u\u00e7u\u015fa haz\u0131r hali (JAXA).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kaynaklar:
\n<\/strong>– https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/japan-just-landed-its-spacecraft-on-an-asteroid-and-the-photos-are-nuts\/amp<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.hayabusa2.jaxa.jp\/en\/enjoy\/material\/factsheet\/FactSheet_en_v2.31s.pdf<\/p>\n

“Asteroid DustConfirmsMeteoriteOrigins”. New York Times. 25 August 2011.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japonya, Hayabusa-2 adl\u0131 arac\u0131n\u0131 Aral\u0131k 2014\u2019te uzaya u\u011furlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arac\u0131n g\u00f6revi, asteroit Ryugu\u2019yu ke\u015ffetmek ve \u00fczerinden \u00f6rnek toplamakt\u0131. Ara\u00e7 hedefine Haziran 2018\u2019de ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6nce uzaktan g\u00f6zlemler yapt\u0131; asteroidin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimini \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc, y\u00fczeye inme provalar\u0131 yapt\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Nisan ay\u0131nda ara\u00e7tan y\u00fczeye bir kutu patlay\u0131c\u0131 at\u0131ld\u0131. Ama\u00e7, y\u00fczeydeki kayalar\u0131 t\u00f6rp\u00fclemek ve y\u00fczeyin alt\u0131ndaki baz\u0131 materyalleri toprak \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmakt\u0131. Temmuzun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":808,"featured_media":35745,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,19],"tags":[5107,5108,392],"class_list":["post-35744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-astereoid","tag-hayabusa-2","tag-uzay"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t