{"id":36656,"date":"2019-09-07T03:29:09","date_gmt":"2019-09-07T00:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=36656"},"modified":"2019-09-04T12:38:11","modified_gmt":"2019-09-04T09:38:11","slug":"cihad-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/09\/07\/cihad-nedir","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Cihad\u2019 nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla aralar\u0131nda sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 bulunmayanlar, iki \u015feyden birini se\u00e7mek zorundad\u0131rlar: Ya \u0130slam ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm. Ya \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7er, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na girerler ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrler. \u201cBunlar\u0131 yakalay\u0131n, nerede bulursan\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ayd\u0131nlanma kahraman\u0131 Turan Dursun\u2019un bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 ilk kez Y\u00fczy\u0131l<\/em> dergisinde 14 Ekim 1990 tarihinde (Y\u0131l 1, Say\u0131 11) yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan Tabu Can \u00c7eki\u015fiyor: Din Bu 3<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitapta bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak yeniden yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Okurlar\u0131m\u0131za yeniden an\u0131msatmak istememizin nedeni, tahmin edebilece\u011finiz gibi, AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00f6\u011fretim m\u00fcfredat\u0131na \u201cCihad\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 sokmay\u0131 hedeflemesidir. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n beyinlerine nelerin sokulmak istendi\u011fini kavrayabilmek i\u00e7in Turan Dursun\u2019un temel \u0130slami kaynaklara dayanarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makale \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

A- S\u00f6zl\u00fck anlam\u0131: Bir amaca y\u00f6nelik olarak olanca g\u00fcc\u00fc kullanmak. \u201cOlanca \u00e7aba\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki \u201ccehd\u201dden gelir.<\/p>\n

B- \u0130slam\u2019da y\u00fcklendi\u011fi anlam\u0131:<\/p>\n

1- \u201cTanr\u0131 u\u011frunda silahl\u0131 sava\u015f\u201d:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) Genel tan\u0131m\u0131: Tanr\u0131 yolunda ve din u\u011frunda kutsal sava\u015f. Amac\u0131: \u201c\u0130l\u00e2y-\u0131 kelimet\u00fc\u2019llah\u201d (Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fcceltmek), yani \u201cKur\u2019an<\/em>\u201d\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini \u201ct\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, inan\u00e7 ve din\u201dlerin \u201c\u00fcst\u00fc\u201dne \u201c\u00e7\u0131karmak\u201d ve \u201ckar\u015f\u0131 konulmaz bi\u00e7imde egemen k\u0131lmak\u201d. Ayet ve hadislerdeki \u00f6zel anlat\u0131m\u0131yla, \u201cTanr\u0131 yolunda, k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn ve yenilmez duruma getirmek i\u00e7in canla ve malla birlikte sava\u015fmak\u201d. \u201cTanr\u0131 yolunda sava\u015fa, \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye giri\u015fen inan\u0131rlar\u0131n canlar\u0131n\u0131 ve mallar\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Cennet\u2019i vererek Tanr\u0131 sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (Tevbe suresi, ayet: 111.) Ayet ve hadislerde, \u00e7o\u011fu yerde \u201ccihad\u201d bu anlam\u0131nda, yani \u201cTanr\u0131 yolunda ve din u\u011frunda silahl\u0131 kutsal sava\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu anlamda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
  2. b) \u0130slam hukukundaki tan\u0131m\u0131: \u201cK\u00e2firlerle sava\u015fmak, onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek, onlar\u0131n elinden mallar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fclklerini almak, ya\u011fmalamak, tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmak, putlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rmak.\u201d (Bkz. D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c. 1, s. 494.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    2- Tanr\u0131 ve din u\u011frunda manevi sava\u015f: \u201cSilahl\u0131 sava\u015fla birlikte bu da istenir\u201d.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. a) \u201c\u0130nsan ve cin \u015feytanlar\u0131\u201dyla sava\u015fmak: Her t\u00fcr \u015feytan\u0131n oyununa kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k olmak, \u00f6d\u00fcn vermemek, \u201c\u015feytan\u0131 sava\u015fta yenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\u201d.<\/li>\n
    2. b) \u201cNefis\u201dle sava\u015f: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ekicilikleriyle, \u201cnefis arzular\u0131yla sava\u015fmak\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Kimi ayetlerdeki \u201ccihad\u201d bu anlamlarda yorumlan\u0131r. (Bkz. R\u00e2g\u0131b, el M\u00fcfred\u00e2t, \u201cc-h-d\u201d.) \u201cCihad\u201d\u0131n bu anlam\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen daha \u00e7ok, \u0130slam gizemcileridir (tasavvuf\u00e7ular).<\/p>\n

      \"\"
      Hz. Muhammed\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Siyer-i Nebi adl\u0131 kitapta yer alan bir cihad tasviri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      II- S\u00fcresi, kimlere kar\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u2018h\u00fckm\u2019\u00fc:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      A- S\u00fcresi:<\/p>\n

      1- Genel olarak: Peygamber, \u201c\u00fcmmetinin\u201d cihad\u0131n\u0131n, \u201ckesintisiz\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u0131yametin \u201calamet\u201dlerinden olan \u201cDecc\u00e2l \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnceye kadar\u201d s\u00fcrece\u011fini bildirir. (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Kitabu\u2019l-cihad, 4- Babuun f\u0131 Deva- m\u0131\u2019l-Cihad, hadis no: 2484, c.3, s.l 1.)<\/p>\n

      2- \u00d6zel durumlarda: Devlet \u201ccihad\u201da \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131lan, \u201ccihad\u201d, sava\u015f durumuna g\u00f6re s\u00fcrer ya da sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r. Yani \u201cs\u00fcre\u201d, sava\u015f durumuna ve sava\u015fanlar\u0131n durumlar\u0131na, kararlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      B- \u201cCihad\u201d\u0131n kimlere kar\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131?<\/p>\n

      1- Genel olarak t\u00fcm k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131: Cihad\u2019\u0131n kimlere kar\u015f\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131, genel niteli\u011fiyle kesin olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

      Hadis:<\/p>\n

      \u201cTek Tanr\u0131\u2019dan ba\u015fka Tanr\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Muhammed\u2019in de O\u2019nun kulu ve Peygamberi (el\u00e7isi) oldu\u011funa inan\u0131ncaya, bizim k\u0131blemize d\u00f6n\u00fcnceye, kestiklerimizi yiyinceye ve namaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar (b\u00fct\u00fcn) insanlarla sava\u015f\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fmem buyruldu. \u0130nsanlar ne zaman ki bunlar\u0131 yerine getirirler, o zaman kanlar\u0131n\u0131 (canlar\u0131n\u0131) ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 -kimi hakl\u0131 nedenlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda- kurtarm\u0131\u015f olurlar.\u201d (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Sel\u00e2t\/28; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/104, hadis no: 2641.)<\/p>\n

      Kimi hadiste, yerine getirilmesi istenen ko\u015fullara, zek\u00e2t\u0131n da eklendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t\/l, Buh\u00e2r\u00ee Muhtasar-\u0131 Tecr\u00eed, hadis no: 24; M\u00fcslim, \u0130m\u00e2n\/32,36, hadis no: 20, 22.)<\/p>\n

      2- Durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re putataparlara ve \u201ckitap ehli\u201dne kar\u015f\u0131:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. a) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla aralar\u0131nda sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 bulunmayanlar\u0131n durumu: Bu durumda olanlar, iki \u015feyden birini se\u00e7mek zorundad\u0131rlar: Ya \u0130slam ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm. Ya \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7er, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na girerler ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrler. \u201cBunlar\u0131 yakalay\u0131n, nerede bulursan\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn.\u201d (Bakara, ayet: 191, Nis\u00e2: 89, 91; Tevbe: 5.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, dinden d\u00f6nenler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Arap olmayan putataparlar\u0131n bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 ve onlardan, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul etmemeleri durumunda \u201ccizye\u201d (bir \u00e7e\u015fit vergi) al\u0131nmas\u0131 yoluna gidilebilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de vard\u0131r. Hanefi f\u0131kh\u0131nda bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn benimsendi\u011fi de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. (Bkz. D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c. 1, s. 496.)<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. b) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla aralar\u0131nda sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 bulunanlar\u0131n durumu: \u201cAntla\u015fma\u201dn\u0131n gere\u011fine uyulur. Ancak bu durum, Peygamber d\u00f6neminde, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine de\u011fin s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. (Bkz. Tevbe suresi, ayet: 1-9.) Arada antla\u015fma olan putataparlara, \u201cyery\u00fcz\u00fcnde dola\u015fabilmeleri i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt ay s\u00fcre\u201d verilmi\u015ftir. (Bkz. Tevbe, ayet: 1.) Bu s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ne yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir: \u201cNerede bulursan\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn, yakalay\u0131n, hapsedin, t\u00fcm g\u00f6zetleme yerlerinde bekleyin yakalamak i\u00e7in. E\u011fer tevbe ederler, namaz k\u0131larlar ve zek\u00e2t verirlerse serbest b\u0131rak\u0131n: Tanr\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan ve ac\u0131yand\u0131r.\u201d (Tevbe: 5)<\/li>\n
        2. c) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla aralar\u0131nda sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 bulunmayan kitap ehli: Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nlerinde \u00fc\u00e7 se\u00e7enek var: Ya \u0130slam, ya \u201ccizye\u201d (vergi) ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm.<\/li>\n
        3. d) M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla aralar\u0131nda antla\u015fma bulunanlar\u0131n durumu: \u201cAntla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmleri\u201dne uyulur.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Ne var ki, Peygamber d\u00f6neminde, arada \u201csald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d bulunan kimi kitap ehline \u201cantla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini bozuyorsunuz, kimileriniz gidip \u015furada burada aleyhimizde bulunuyor\u2026\u201d denerek sald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fuyla \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u201cBenu Kurayza (Kurayza O\u011fullar\u0131-Yahudiler)\u201d bunlardand\u0131r. Bunlar k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irilirken, Peygamber de ba\u015flar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f ve t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici durumlar sergilenmi\u015ftir. (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Kitabu\u2019l-Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee\/30, Tecr\u00eed, hadis no: 1590- 1591; M\u00fcslim, Cihad\/64J\u0131adis no: 1768. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. \u201cSiyer\u201d kitaplar\u0131.)<\/p>\n

          C- \u201cCihad\u201d\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fc:<\/p>\n

          Yani \u201ccihad\u201d, \u201cfarz\u201d m\u0131d\u0131r, ne zaman farzd\u0131r, nas\u0131l farzd\u0131r?<\/p>\n

          1- D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu de\u011filken: \u201ckifayeten farz\u201d:<\/p>\n

          Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, \u201cbar\u0131\u015f\u201d \u00f6nerisi sunmak, \u201ck\u00e2fir\u201dlere d\u00fc\u015fer. Sunuldu\u011funda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclebilir, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmez, kabul edilebilir ya da edilmez. Bu, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n bilece\u011fi i\u015ftir. Bar\u0131\u015f \u00f6nerisi gelmemi\u015fse ya da kabul edilmemi\u015fse, arada bir sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 yoksa \u201ccihad\u201d gereklidir. \u201cFarz\u201dd\u0131r. Ama bu \u201cfarz\u201dl\u0131k, \u201ckifayeten\u201ddir, yani toplumdan bir kesimin bunu yerine getirmesi \u201cyeterli\u201ddir. Toplumun ba\u015f\u0131ndakiler, gerekli \u201ccihad\u201d\u0131 a\u00e7arlar, gerekti\u011finde de g\u00fc\u00e7 toplarlar. \u0130lgililer, \u201ccihad\u201d\u0131 ba\u015flatmak ve gere\u011fini yerine getirmek zorundad\u0131rlar. \u201cK\u00e2firler\u201de se\u00e7enekleri g\u00f6stermelidirler: K\u00e2firler, durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re se\u00e7eneklerden birini kabul etmek zorundad\u0131rlar. Kabul etmiyorlarsa, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ilgililere d\u00fc\u015fen, \u201ccihad\u201dd\u0131r. E\u011fer cihad hi\u00e7 yap\u0131lm\u0131yorsa, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle toplum \u201ccihads\u0131z\u201d kalm\u0131\u015fsa, o toplum, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u201csorumlu ve su\u00e7lu\u201ddur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ki\u015filere de\u011filse bile, toplumun t\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan \u201cfarz\u201d yerine getirilmemi\u015ftir. (Bkz. D\u00fcrer, Arap\u00e7a, Cihad, c.l, s. 282; D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c, 1, ss. 494-495.)<\/p>\n

          2- K\u00e2firlerin, \u0130slam \u00fclkelerinden herhangi bir kesime sald\u0131rmalar\u0131 durumunda:<\/p>\n

          Bu durumda, \u201ccihad\u201d, herkese ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u201cfarz\u201d (aynen farz) olur. \u201cKad\u0131n\u201dlara ve \u201ck\u00f6le\u201dlere bile bu farz y\u00f6nelir. Kad\u0131n kocas\u0131n\u0131n izni olmadan, k\u00f6le de efendisinin izni olmadan bu cihada \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Hi\u00e7 kimse, \u0130slam\u2019ca ge\u00e7erli bir gerek\u00e7esi olmadan bu cihad\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalamaz. (D\u00fcrer, c. 1, s. 282, D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c. 1, ss. 495-496.)<\/p>\n

          III. Cihad s\u0131ras\u0131nda neler olur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

          A- \u00d6ld\u00fcrme:<\/p>\n

          1- Kimler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. a) Eli silah tutan t\u00fcm erkekler: \u201cSava\u015f\u0131r durumda\u201d olan herkes. Sava\u015f\u0131r durumda olan ve daha \u201cakl\u0131n\u0131-belle\u011fini yitirmemi\u015f\u201d olan \u201cya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi\u201dler bile. \u201cDeliler\u201d bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulur. Ama \u201cdeli\u201d, sava\u015f\u0131r durumdaysa ya da \u201czengin\u201dse ya da h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k makam\u0131nda bulunuyorsa \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta olan \u201cyak\u0131nlar-akrabalar\u201d, aileden ki\u015filer de \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ayetlerde, \u201ciman\u201d\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p k\u00e2firlik yolunu se\u00e7en \u201cbaba\u201dlar\u0131n, \u201ckarde\u015f\u201dlerin \u201cdost\u201d edinilemeyece\u011fi, \u201ccihad\u201d s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda da \u201cbaba\u201dlar\u0131n, \u201co\u011ful\u201dlar\u0131n, \u201ckarde\u015f\u201dlerin, \u201ce\u015f\u201dlerin (kar\u0131-kocan\u0131n) ve \u201ca\u015firet\u201d (kabile) \u00fcyelerinin art\u0131k Tanr\u0131 ve Peygamber kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemlerini yitirecekleri, bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bildirilir. (Bkz. Tevbe, ayet: 23-24.) Ve hep b\u00f6yle olmu\u015ftur: Baba o\u011fulu, karde\u015f karde\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yaln\u0131z \u0130slam hukukunda bir istisna g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor: Cihadda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen baba-o\u011fuldan o\u011ful, babay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye giri\u015fmemelidir. Ama baba o\u011flunu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelmi\u015fse, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan o\u011ful art\u0131k babas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015ftir. Baba M\u00fcsl\u00fcmansa k\u00e2fir olan o\u011flunu \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilir. O\u011ful M\u00fcsl\u00fcmansa k\u00e2fir olan babay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye at\u0131lamaz, ama cihad s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesine engel olamaz, olmamak zorundad\u0131r. (Bkz. D\u00fcrer, c. 1, ss. 283-284; D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c. 1, s. 497.)<\/p>\n

            \"\"
            Bedir Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Siyer-i Nebi\u2019deki tasviri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
              \n
            1. b) Kimi durumlarda, \u00e7ocuklar, kad\u0131nlar, k\u00f6rler, k\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcmler, yatalaklar: Bunlar genellikle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmezlerse de bunlardan sava\u015f\u0131r durumda olan, \u201cg\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sahibi\u201d olan, mal sahibi olan, yetki-h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k makam\u0131nda olan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. (Bkz. D\u00fcrer, ayn\u0131 yer, D\u00e2m\u00e2d, ayn\u0131 yer.)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Peygamberin \u015f\u00f6yle bir buyru\u011fu var:<\/p>\n

              \u201cPutataparlar\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n!\u201d (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/121, hadis no: 2670; Tirmiz\u00ee, Siyer\/29, hadis no: 1583.) Kurayza Yahudilerinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu buyruk verilmi\u015fti. \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d isteniyordu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc elde bulunan \u00e7ocuklar, k\u00f6leler aras\u0131nda yerlerini alacak ve i\u015fe yarayacaklard\u0131. Hepsi ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f \u201cde\u011ferli mal\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcndendi. Kald\u0131 ki o s\u0131rada \u201cy\u00fczlerce ki\u015fi\u201d \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler adamak\u0131ll\u0131 yorulmu\u015ftu. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclecekler elleri ba\u011fl\u0131 uzunca bir \u00e7ukurun \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeye haz\u0131r bulundurulduklar\u0131 halde\u2026 Herkes bitkin bir duruma gelmi\u015fti adam kesmekten. (\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin aras\u0131nda Peygamberin damad\u0131 Ali de vard\u0131. Peygamber de ba\u015flar\u0131ndayd\u0131.) Bu s\u0131rada Peygambere dil uzatt\u0131 diye bir de kad\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sa\u011f b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na h\u00fckmedildi\u011fi halde\u2026 (Karar i\u00e7in bkz. B\u00fbhar\u00ee, Kitabu\u2019l- Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee\/30, Tecr\u00eed hadis no: 1591, M\u00fcslim, Cihad\/64, hadis no: 1768, Tirmiz\u00ee, Siyer\/29, hadis no: 1582. S\u00f6ven kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olay\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/l 21, hadis no: 2671.)<\/p>\n

              Gece bask\u0131nlar\u0131nda, k\u00e2firler toptan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7tan ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, evler yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler aras\u0131nda \u201ckad\u0131nlar ve \u00e7ocuklar\u201d da bulunuyordu. (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/102, hadis no: 2638, Cihad\/121, hadis no: 2672; \u0130bn Mace, Cihad, hadis no: 2840; Ahmet ibn Hanbel, 4\/46; Tirmiz\u00ee, Siyer\/l 9, hadis no: 1570.)<\/p>\n

              Arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan biriyle Peygamber aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir konu\u015fma ge\u00e7iyor:<\/p>\n

              \u2013 Ey Tanr\u0131 El\u00e7isi! Evlere yap\u0131lan gece bask\u0131nlar\u0131nda putataparlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ne dersin?<\/p>\n

              \u2013 Onlar da \u00f6b\u00fcrlerindendir (kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, \u00f6b\u00fcrlerinden fark\u0131 yok, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilirler)! (Hadis i\u00e7in bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/121, hadis no: 2672; Tirmiz\u00ee, Siyer\/l9,hadis no: 1570.)<\/p>\n

              Peygamber b\u00f6ylece, bir yandan \u201ckad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmemeleri\u201d i\u00e7in buyruk verirken, \u00f6b\u00fcr yandan da \u201ctoplu k\u0131r\u0131m\u201dlarda bunlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde bir sak\u0131nca olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiriyor.<\/p>\n

              2- Nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/p>\n

              \u201cTanr\u0131 ve Peygamberiyle sava\u015fanlar\u0131n ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde fesatl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131karanlar\u0131n cezas\u0131; bo\u011fazlanarak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmek ya da as\u0131lmak ya da el ve ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7apraz olarak kesilmesi ya da bulunduklar\u0131 yerden s\u00fcr\u00fclmeleridir. Bu onlar i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadaki rezilliktir. Ahiretteyse daha b\u00fcy\u00fck azap haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (M\u00e2ide suresi, ayet: 33.)<\/p>\n

              Demek ki \u201cbo\u011fazlama\u201d var, \u201casma\u201d var. Dahas\u0131, \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d bile var. (\u201cEllerin ve ayaklar\u0131n \u00e7apraz olarak kesilmesi\u201d, ku\u015fkusuz bir i\u015fkencedir.) Hadislerde daha ba\u015fka \u00f6ld\u00fcrme bi\u00e7imleri de yer al\u0131yor: T\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. a) K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la \u00f6ld\u00fcrme: Birden bo\u011fazlayarak\u2026 Ya da herhangi bir yere k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 sokarak\u2026 Keserek, par\u00e7alayarak\u2026<\/strong><\/li>\n
              2. b) Asarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme.<\/strong><\/li>\n
              3. c) \u0130\u015fkenceyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Peygamberin \u201ci\u015fkence (m\u00fcsle)\u201d yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi aktar\u0131l\u0131r. (Bk. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/120, hadis no: 2667.) Burada s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen \u201ci\u015fkence\u201dnin insan\u0131n oras\u0131n\u0131 buras\u0131n\u0131; \u00f6rne\u011fin burnunu, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kolunu baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmek, g\u00f6zlerini \u00e7\u0131karmak t\u00fcr\u00fcnden oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor. (Bkz. Ayn\u0131 hadis, not: 3.)<\/p>\n

                \u0130slam hukukunda da \u201ci\u015fkence\u201dnin yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 yolunda h\u00fck\u00fcm var. (Bkz. D\u00fcrer, c. 1, s.283; D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c. 1, s.497.)<\/p>\n

                \"\"
                Cihad\u2019\u0131n me\u015fru kabul etti\u011fi \u00f6ld\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7la \u00f6ld\u00fcrmedir. Birden bo\u011fazlayarak\u2026 Ya da herhangi bir yere k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 sokarak\u2026 Keserek, par\u00e7alayarak\u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

                Ne var ki, Peygamberin kendisi i\u015fkence uygulatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
                \nPeygamberin yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fkence: Olay\u0131n \u00f6zeti: Uk\u00fcl, Ureyne kabilelerinden birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi (kimilerinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re: 7- 8 ki\u015fi) Peygambere gelirler. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirirler. Renkleri sararm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, hasta olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Peygamber deve s\u00fct\u00fc ve \u201cdeve sidi\u011fi\u201d i\u00e7irerek bunlar\u0131 tedavi etme yoluna gider. Bir s\u00fcre sonra iyile\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Medine\u2019nin havas\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine iyi gelmedi\u011fini ve havas\u0131 uygun bir kesime \u00e7\u0131kmak istediklerini Peygambere s\u00f6ylerler. Peygamber de gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131las\u0131n diye bir deve s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki \u00e7oban\u0131yla birlikte bunlar\u0131n buyru\u011funa verir. Ve develerin bulunduklar\u0131 yere giderler. Bir s\u00fcre, develerin s\u00fct\u00fcyle beslendikten sonra \u00e7oban\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler; develeri de al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Olay \u00f6\u011frenilir, Medine\u2019ye, Peygamber\u2019e iletilir. Peygamber \u00f6fkelenmi\u015ftir. Adamlar\u0131n yakalanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in buyru\u011funu verir, t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yakalatt\u0131r\u0131r. Su\u00e7lular Peygamberin huzuruna getirilirler. Ve Peygamberin karar\u0131:<\/p>\n

                \u201cElleri ayaklar\u0131 \u00e7apraz olarak kesilsin. G\u00f6zleri oyulup \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ls\u0131n!..\u201d Peygamberin buyru\u011fu uygulan\u0131r. Peygamberin buyru\u011fuyla:<\/p>\n

                \u2013 Su\u00e7lular\u0131n elleri ayaklar\u0131 \u00e7apraz olarak kesilir.<\/p>\n

                \u2013 G\u00f6zleri oyulur.<\/p>\n

                \u2013 Medine d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fcne\u015fin alt\u0131nda ate\u015f gibi yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201charre\u201d ad\u0131 verilen yere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp konurlar.<\/p>\n

                \u2013 Su\u00e7lular su isterler; su verilmez.<\/p>\n

                \u2013 Zavall\u0131lar \u201cta\u015flar\u0131 kemirirler\u201d, \u201ca\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131yla, di\u015fleriyle topra\u011f\u0131 kazarlar\u201d.<\/p>\n

                \u2013 \u00d6l\u00fcnceye dek \u00f6ylece b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

                Buh\u00e2r\u00ee bu hadisi yedi yerde ve dokuz yolla, M\u00fcslim bir yerde ve yedi yolla, Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd bir yerde be\u015f yolla, Nesei bir yerde d\u00f6rt yolla aktar\u0131p yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutan Ahmed Naim, hadisin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n

                \u201cAlt\u0131 kitaptan sa\u011flaml\u0131k derecelerine g\u00f6re en sa\u011flamlar\u0131 say\u0131lan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnde b\u00f6yle yirmi be\u015f yolla belirlenen, ayr\u0131ca Ebu \u00c2v\u00e2ne, \u0130bn Sa\u2019d, Taher\u00ee, Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, Abdurrazzak, \u0130bnu\u2019t-Talla\u2019, \u0130bn \u0130shak ve V\u00e2kid\u00ee gibi bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir\u00e7ok yollardan aktar\u0131lagelen bu hadis hakk\u0131nda (ger\u00e7ek midir, de\u011fil midir diyerek) ku\u015fkuya kap\u0131lmak hi\u00e7bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.\u201d (Bkz. Sahih-i B\u00fch\u00e2r\u00ee Muhtasan Tecr\u00eed-i Sarih Ter\u00e7emesi, c. 1, hadis no: 172, not: 2.)<\/p>\n

                Hadisi kaynaklar\u0131n bir kesiminde g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t\/68, Cihad\/152, Tecr\u00eed\/Vud\u00fb\u2019 hadis no: 172; M\u00fcslim, Kes\u00e2me\/9- 14, hadis no: 1671; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Hud\u00fbd\/3, hadis no: 4364-4371; Tirmiz\u00ee Ebv\u00e2bu\u2019t- Tah\u00e2re (Taharet)\/55, hadis no: 72-73; Nesei, Tahrim\u00fc\u2019d- Dem\/7; \u0130bn\u00a0 Mace, Hud\u00fbd\/20, hadis no: 2578-2579.<\/p>\n

                G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, olay\u0131 Ahmed Naim\u2019in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201calt\u0131 kitab\u0131n (k\u00fct\u00fcb\u00fc sitte) d\u00f6rd\u00fc\u201d de\u011fil, \u201calt\u0131s\u0131\u201d da yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                Kimi aktarmalarda, su\u00e7lular\u0131n, \u201c\u00e7oban\u0131, i\u015fkence yaparak \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fckleri\u201dnin de eklendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Onlara da bu nedenle i\u015fkence uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor. Oysa ayn\u0131 hadiste, \u015fu nedenler de belirtiliyor:<\/p>\n

                \u2013 Su\u00e7lulara ayetin h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ayet, anlam\u0131 yukar\u0131da ge\u00e7en, M\u00e2ide, suresinin 33. ayetidir.)<\/p>\n

                \u2013 Peygamber\u2019in dam\u0131zl\u0131k develerini al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeye yeltendikleri i\u00e7in bu ceza uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                \u015ea\u015f\u0131las\u0131 durumdur ki, kimi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yazar, bu olaydaki su\u00e7lulara uygulanan\u0131, \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnden saymamaktad\u0131r. Bu yazarlar aras\u0131nda, Tecridin \u201cm\u00fctercim\u201di, Profes\u00f6r K\u00e2mil Miras da vard\u0131r. (Bkz. Sahihi Buh\u00e2r\u00ee Muhtasar\u0131 Tecr\u00eed-i Sarih Tercemesi, \u0130stanbul, 1938, c. 5, s. 473.)<\/p>\n

                Oysa hadisi aktaranlar da hadise kitaplar\u0131nda yer verenler de bunun \u201ci\u015fkence\u201d oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtiyorlar. Yaln\u0131z, \u201cPeygamber i\u015fkence yap\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi halde kendisi nas\u0131l i\u015fkence yapm\u0131\u015f olabilir?\u201d sorusuna uygun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulmaya \u00e7abal\u0131yorlar. Kimileri, Peygamberin bu i\u015fkenceyi, \u201ci\u015fkence edilmesini yasaklamadan \u00f6nce\u201d uygulatt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.\u00a0 Kimi bunun, bir \u201ck\u0131sas\u201d oldu\u011funu savunuyor. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte olanlara g\u00f6re, su\u00e7lular da \u00e7obana i\u015fkence etmi\u015flerdir. Kimileriyse (genellikle bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f benimseniyor), s\u00f6z konusu olayda i\u015fkence uygulat\u0131rken, Peygamberin, M\u00e2ide suresinin 33. ayetinin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirdi\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131rlar. Ne olursa olsun ger\u00e7ek saklanam\u0131yor: Peygamber, en ac\u0131mas\u0131zlar\u0131n bile kolay kolay yapamayacaklar\u0131 t\u00fcrden bir i\u015fkence uygulatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. d) Yakarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Hamza O\u011flu Muhammed aktar\u0131yor: Peygamber bir g\u00fcn Hamza\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, bir sava\u015f birli\u011finin ba\u015f\u0131na komutan olarak atar ve \u015fu buyru\u011fu verir: \u201cFalan ki\u015fiyi bulursan\u0131z, ate\u015fe at\u0131p yak\u0131n!\u201d<\/p>\n

                  Hamza birli\u011fiyle birlikte yola \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczeredir; o s\u0131rada Peygamber Hamza\u2019y\u0131 yine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Bu kez \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015fur: \u201cFalancay\u0131 bulursan\u0131z, ate\u015fte yak\u0131n, dedim. Ama \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn, sonra yak\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ate\u015fte yakma cezas\u0131n\u0131, yaln\u0131zca ate\u015fi yaratan verebilir.\u201d (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/122, hadis no: 2673.)<\/p>\n

                  Ebu Hureyre anlat\u0131yor: Bir g\u00fcn Peygamber bizi, bir sava\u015f birli\u011fi olarak d\u00fc\u015fmana g\u00f6nderiyordu. O s\u0131rada, Kurey\u015f\u2019ten iki ki\u015finin adlar\u0131n\u0131 vererek: \u201cBunlar\u0131 yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ate\u015fte yak\u0131n, ikisini de!..\u201d dedi. Bir s\u00fcre sonra da d\u00f6n\u00fcp \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n

                  \u201cSize, onlar\u0131 bulursan\u0131z ikisini de yak\u0131n, dedim ama, yakmay\u0131n. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ate\u015fte yakma cezas\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca Tanr\u0131 verir. Siz bu iki ki\u015fiyi yakalay\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn yaln\u0131zca.\u201d (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cihad\/107, 149; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/122, hadis no: 3674; Tirmiz\u00ee, Siyer\/20, hadis no: 1571.)<\/p>\n

                  \"\"
                  Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Siyer-i Nebi\u2019deki tasviri.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

                  G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki, Peygamber\u2019in \u201cate\u015fle yakma\u201d konusundaki tutumu duraksamal\u0131.<\/p>\n

                  Ne var ki hadislerde anlat\u0131lanlardan anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Peygamber\u2019in kimi en yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131 bile, \u201cate\u015fte yakarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme\u201d cezas\u0131n\u0131 uygulam\u0131\u015flar ve \u201cfetva\u201dy\u0131 Peygamber\u2019den ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir:<\/p>\n

                  Ebubekir, Peygamber\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra ba\u015f g\u00f6steren \u201cdinden d\u00f6nme\u201d (\u201cridde\u201d) olaylar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda komutanlar\u0131na \u201ctalimat\u201d vermi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

                  \u201cDaha da direnirlerse demirle da\u011flay\u0131n, ate\u015fte yak\u0131n!\u201d (Bkz. Taber\u00ee, Tarih, 1\/1881-1885; Leoni Caetani, \u0130slam Tarihi, \u00e7ev. H\u00fcseyin Cahid, \u0130stanbul, 1926, 8\/276.) Ve bu talimat t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici bi\u00e7imde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: H\u00e2lid ibni\u2019l-Vel\u00eed (\u00f6lm. 642. Mekke\u2019nin fethinden bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur), sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u201cate\u015f \u00e7ukurlar\u0131\u201d a\u00e7t\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, yakt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ate\u015fin i\u00e7ine, bir\u00e7ok kimseyi diri diri att\u0131r\u0131p yakt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131n da vard\u0131r bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde. Bir tutsak kad\u0131na, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131 \u00f6nerildi. Kad\u0131n kabul etmedi. \u00d6n\u00fcnde yanan ate\u015fe at\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi. Kad\u0131n, \u201cho\u015f geldin \u00f6l\u00fcm! Yaz\u0131k ki ba\u015fka kurtulu\u015f yolum yok. O y\u00fczden kendimi at\u0131yorum ate\u015fe\u201d anlam\u0131ndaki \u015fiiri okuyarak kendini kald\u0131r\u0131p ate\u015fe att\u0131. Ve tabii cay\u0131r cay\u0131r yand\u0131. (Bkz. Habi\u015f, yaprak 28-34; Caetani, ayn\u0131 kitap, 8\/306.)<\/p>\n

                  Ebubekir\u2019in \u201cate\u015fte diri diri yakma cezas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 nas\u0131l verebildi\u011fi soruldu\u011funda Peygamber\u2019in bu t\u00fcr cezaya izin verdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenerek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilir.<\/p>\n

                  \u0130nsanlar\u0131, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131yorlar diye, \u201cate\u015f \u00e7ukuru\u201dna att\u0131r\u0131p yakt\u0131ranlardan birinin de Ali oldu\u011fu aktar\u0131l\u0131r: Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin de yer verdi\u011fi bir hadiste, Ali\u2019nin \u201cbir toplulu\u011fu ate\u015fe att\u0131r\u0131p yakt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, \u0130bn\u00ee Abbas\u2019a s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde \u0130bn\u00ee Abbas\u2019\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi belirtilir: \u201cBen olsayd\u0131m bunu yapmazd\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Peygamber: Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verdi\u011fi ceza bi\u00e7iminde ceza vermeyin, demi\u015fti. Ben olsayd\u0131m \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm yaln\u0131zca.\u201d (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, cihad\/149; Tecr\u00eed, hadis no: 1264; Nesei, Tahr\u00eemu\u2019d-Dem\/14.) Peygamberin damad\u0131 olan Ali nereden fetva alm\u0131\u015f olabilirdi? Fetvan\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 Peygamber\u2019den ba\u015fkas\u0131 olabilir miydi?<\/p>\n

                  Peygamber, kimi yerle\u015fme b\u00f6lgelerinin \u201cyak\u0131lmas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 buyurmu\u015ftu. (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/91, hadis no: 2616; \u0130bn Mace, Cihad, hadis no: 2843.) Ku\u015fkusuz Peygamberin \u201cyak\u0131lmas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 buyurdu\u011fu yerle\u015fim yerinde \u201cinsanlar\u201d da vard\u0131. Zaten \u0130slam hukukunda da b\u00f6yle durumlarda, \u201cinsanlar\u0131 yakma\u201dn\u0131n \u201cmekruh\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/122, 2673 no\u2019lu hadis, not: 2, c. 3, s. 124-125.)<\/p>\n

                  B- Yakma-y\u0131kma ve ya\u011fma:<\/p>\n

                  1- Evler, mahalleler, k\u00f6yler, kasabalar yak\u0131l\u0131r, y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r, ya\u011fmalan\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rne\u011fi vard\u0131r bunun. Peygamber d\u00f6neminde de daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de\u2026<\/p>\n

                  Peygamberin d\u00f6neminde \u201cgece bask\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d d\u00fczenlenirdi Peygamberin buyru\u011fuyla. \u201c\u00d6ld\u00fcr, \u00f6ld\u00fcr!\u201d parolal\u0131 (\u015fiar) olarak. Sonra da ya\u011fmaya giri\u015filirdi. (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/102, hadis no: 2638; \u0130bn Mace,Cihad\/30, hadis no: 2840.)<\/p>\n

                  \u0130\u015fte bir ba\u015fka hadis:<\/p>\n

                  Filistin\u2019de \u201c\u00dcbn\u00e2 (sonralar\u0131 \u2018Y\u00fcbn\u00e2\u2019)\u201d denen bir yerle\u015fim yeri. Peygamber buraya bir bask\u0131n d\u00fczenliyor. Bask\u0131n\u0131 yapacaklara da buyru\u011fu \u015f\u00f6yle veriyor:<\/p>\n

                  \u201cSabahleyin \u00dcbn\u00e2\u2019ya (ans\u0131z\u0131n) bask\u0131n yap ve oray\u0131 yak!\u201d Buyruk yerine getiriliyor. Yani \u201c\u00dcbn\u00e2\u201d k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7indekilerle birlikte. (Bkz. Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/91, hadis no:2616, c. 3, s. 88, ayr\u0131ca s. 124\u2019deki 2 no\u2019lu not; \u0130bn Mace, Cihad\/31, hadis no: 2843, c. 2, s. 948.) \u0130slam hukukunda da d\u00fc\u015fman evlerinin yak\u0131lmas\u0131 caiz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. (Bkz. D\u00e2m\u00e2d.)<\/p>\n

                  2- D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerdeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar, \u00fcr\u00fcnler yak\u0131l\u0131r ya da kesilir.<\/p>\n

                  \u00d6rnek: Peygamber Ben\u00fb Nad\u00eer kabilesinin hurmal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yakt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kestirmi\u015fti. Ha\u015fr Suresi\u2019nin 5. ayetinde bu olaya k\u0131saca de\u011finilir. Bu ayetin, Diyanet \u00e7evirisindeki anlam\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201c\u0130nk\u00e2rc\u0131 kitap ehlinin yurtlar\u0131nda hurma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kesmeniz veya onlar\u0131 kesmeyip g\u00f6vdeleri \u00fczerinde ayakta b\u0131rakman\u0131z Allah\u2019\u0131n izniyledir. Allah, yoldan \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131 b\u00f6ylece rezilli\u011fe u\u011frat\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

                  Bu ayette ge\u00e7meyen \u201cyakma olay\u0131\u201d, hadislerde yer al\u0131r. (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, cihad\/154, Hars\/6, Me\u011fazi\/14, Tesir\/59\/2, Tecrid, hadis no: 1576; M\u00fcslim, cihad\/29-31, hadis no: 1746; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/91, hadis no: 2615, Tirmiz\u00ee, Siyer\/4, hadis no: 1552; \u0130bn Mace, Cihad\/31, hadis no: 2845; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Siyer\/22; Ahmed ibn Hanbel, 2\/8, 52, 80.)<\/p>\n

                  \u0130slam hukukunda da cihad s\u0131ras\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015fman kesimindeki ya\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n kesilebilece\u011fi, kesilmeden yak\u0131labilece\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Bkz. D\u00e2m\u00e2d, c. 1, s. 496.)<\/p>\n

                  C- Yalan, hile, tuzak:<\/p>\n

                  Hadis: \u201cSava\u015f hiledir!\u201d (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cihad\/107, Tecr\u00eed, hadis no: 1268; M\u00fcslim, hadis no: 1739; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, cihad\/101, hadis no: 2636-2637; \u0130bn Mace, Cihad\/28, hadis no: 2833, Ahmed ibn Hanbel, 1\/81,90.)<\/p>\n

                  Yani \u201ccihad\u201d s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201cher t\u00fcr yalan, aldatma, hile, tuzak, m\u00fcbaht\u0131r.\u201d Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, buna bir \u00f6rnek olarak, E\u015fref O\u011flu Ka\u2019b\u2019\u0131n \u201chileyle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u201dn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

                  E\u015fref O\u011flu Ka\u2019b (\u00f6lm. 625), gen\u00e7 bir \u015fairdi. Peygamberi ve inan\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyordu.<\/p>\n

                  Peygamber bir g\u00fcn arkada\u015flar\u0131na \u201cbu adam\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrebilecek kimse var m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu. \u201cMesleme O\u011flu Muhammed\u201d ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131: \u201cBen var\u0131m!\u201d dedi. E\u015fref O\u011flu Ka\u2019b\u2019\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fi planland\u0131. \u201cYalan\u201dlar uyduruldu, \u201ctuzak\u201d haz\u0131rland\u0131 ve sonunda, bir gece, kalesinde bulunan \u015fairin kafas\u0131 kesilerek plan sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

                  Ve ba\u015f, Peygamber\u2019e al\u0131n\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cihad\/158\/1, Rehn\/3, Tecr\u00eed, hadis no: 1578; M\u00fcslim, Cihad\/119, hadis no: 1801; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, cihad\/169, hadis no: 2768.)<\/p>\n

                  IV- Cihad\u0131n \u201cfazileti\u201d (\u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc-sevab\u0131-\u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc):<\/strong><\/p>\n

                  Ayetlerde, hadislerde ve yorumcular\u0131n s\u00f6zlerinde, \u201ccihad\u201d\u0131n inan\u0131rlara neler sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 uzun uzun anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu konuda bir ayetle bir hadisi an\u0131msatmak yeterlidir:<\/p>\n

                  Ayet: Yukar\u0131da de\u011finilmi\u015fti. Diyanet\u2019in \u00e7evirisindeki anlam\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cAllah \u015f\u00fcphesiz, Allah yolunda sava\u015f\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcren ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen m\u00fczminlerin canlar\u0131n\u0131 ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u2013Tevrat<\/em>, \u0130ncil<\/em> ve Kur\u2019an<\/em>\u2019da s\u00f6z verilmi\u015f bir hak olarak- cennete kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Verdi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fc, Allah\u2019tan daha \u00e7ok tutan kim vard\u0131r? \u00d6yleyse yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe sevinin! Bu, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (Tevbe suresi, ayet: 111.)<\/p>\n

                  Hadis: \u201cK\u00e2firle \u00f6ld\u00fcreni, Cehennemde birlikte bulunamaz.\u201d (Bkz. M\u00fcslim, \u0130maret\/130-131, hadis no: 1891; Ebu D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cihad\/11, hadis no: 2495; Nesei, Cihad\/9;Ahmed \u0130bn Hanbel, 2\/263, 340, 342\u2026)<\/p>\n

                  Yani \u201ck\u00e2fir\u201d kesinlikle cehenneme gidece\u011fine g\u00f6re, onu \u00f6ld\u00fcren M\u00fcsl\u00fcman da kesinlikle cehenneme de\u011fil, cennete gidecektir. \u00d6yleyse, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, \u201ck\u00e2fir \u00f6ld\u00fcrme\u201dye bakmal\u0131d\u0131r s\u00fcrekli.<\/p>\n

                  Kaynak:<\/strong>Bilim ve Gelecek Say\u0131:162, A\u011fustos 2017, \u00a0s.34-39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla aralar\u0131nda sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmas\u0131 bulunmayanlar, iki \u015feyden birini se\u00e7mek zorundad\u0131rlar: Ya \u0130slam ya da \u00f6l\u00fcm. Ya \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 se\u00e7er, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na girerler ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrler. \u201cBunlar\u0131 yakalay\u0131n, nerede bulursan\u0131z \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn.\u201d Ayd\u0131nlanma kahraman\u0131 Turan Dursun\u2019un bu yaz\u0131s\u0131 ilk kez Y\u00fczy\u0131l dergisinde 14 Ekim 1990 tarihinde (Y\u0131l 1, Say\u0131 11) yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":405,"featured_media":36658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[5286,2097,2700,3983,5288,5289,5284,5287],"class_list":["post-36656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-bedir-savasi","tag-cihad","tag-hz-muhammed","tag-incil","tag-kuran-i-kerim","tag-tevrat","tag-turan-dursun","tag-uhud-savasi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t