{"id":36690,"date":"2019-09-06T03:40:22","date_gmt":"2019-09-06T00:40:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=36690"},"modified":"2019-09-05T14:16:42","modified_gmt":"2019-09-05T11:16:42","slug":"canlilar-nasil-siniflandirilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/09\/06\/canlilar-nasil-siniflandirilir","title":{"rendered":"Canl\u0131lar nas\u0131l s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde isimlendirilebilen farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 2 milyona yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Var oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 ise bundan \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. Peki, bu kadar fazla say\u0131daki organizmay\u0131 birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilerine, yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na ve akrabal\u0131k derecelerine g\u00f6re nas\u0131l ay\u0131rabiliriz? Bu u\u011fra\u015f binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve zamanla geli\u015ferek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemlerini olu\u015fturdu. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca, do\u011fa ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n en temel bile\u015feni, organizmalar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Tarih boyunca s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerinin s\u00fcrekli bir de\u011fi\u015fim halinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Yeni bulgular de\u011fi\u015fik sistemlerin \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bile birden fazla s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. Gittik\u00e7e daha iyi bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemine do\u011fru gidi\u015f olsa da, her sistem de\u011fi\u015fikliklere a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilinen ilk s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma metodunu Aristoteles (M\u00d6 384-322) getirmi\u015ftir. Canl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok temel g\u00f6zlemlenebilir fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re bitkiler ve hayvanlar olarak iki temel gruba ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt gruplara ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de canl\u0131 hareketlerini g\u00f6zlemlemi\u015f ve havada u\u00e7abilenler, suda y\u00fczebilenler ya da karada ya\u015fayanlar \u015feklinde bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Devam eden y\u00fczy\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 canl\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flasa da, modern taksonominin (s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma bilimi-sistematik) ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7li bilim insan\u0131 Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne olarak da bilinir, 1707-1778) sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1735 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Systema Naturae isimli kitab\u0131nda \u201cLinnaeus s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d olarak bilinen bir y\u00f6ntem getirmi\u015ftir. Canl\u0131lar\u0131 temel olarak iki \u00e2leme (bitkiler ve hayvanlar) ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak her \u00e2lem i\u00e7erisinde de hiyerar\u015fik bir organizasyon \u015femas\u0131 geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Organizmalar\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bu hiyerar\u015fik gruplar s\u0131ras\u0131yla; \u00e2lem, \u015fube, s\u0131n\u0131f, tak\u0131m, aile, cins ve t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. \u00dcst k\u0131s\u0131mda bulunan \u00e2lem, \u015fube ve s\u0131n\u0131fta daha fazla organizma bulunurken, organizmalar aras\u0131 benzerlik daha azd\u0131r. Hiyerar\u015finin alt taraf\u0131nda bulunan aile, cins ve t\u00fcre gelindi\u011finde ise organizma say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131rken benzerlik artmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma genel olarak, canl\u0131lar\u0131, g\u00f6zlemlenebilir fiziksel (morfolojik) \u00f6zelliklerindeki benzerliklere g\u00f6re gruplara ay\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. (\u015eekil 1)<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 1: Linnaeus s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemine g\u00f6re hiyerar\u015fik canl\u0131 gruplar\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

19.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), canl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e2lem alt\u0131nda toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Bitkiler, hayvanlar ve protistalar (tekh\u00fccreli \u00f6karyot ve prokaryotlar\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu). Bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma da g\u00f6zlemlenebilen fiziksel \u00f6zellikler kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Protistalar\u0131n eklenmesi mikroskobun icat edilmesinin bir sonucu olmu\u015ftur. \u015eimdiye kadar bilinmeyen yeni bir d\u00fcnya, insano\u011fluna a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve mikroskobun daha da geli\u015ftirilmesiyle birlikte tekh\u00fccreli organizmalar\u0131n incelenmesi kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan birisi, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130ngiliz do\u011fa bilimci Charles Darwin taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131ld\u0131. 1859\u2019da yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrlerin K\u00f6keni isimli eseriyle, t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n ortak bir atadan t\u00fcrediklerini ve evrimsel de\u011fi\u015fimin mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n da do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Darwin\u2019in zaman\u0131ndan sonra, \u00f6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda evrim kuram\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte, canl\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131rken evrimsel akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 filogenetik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma geli\u015fti. Ancak canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki evrimsel akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 1970\u2019lerden sonra oldu.<\/p>\n

20.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131 biyolog Herbert Copeland (1902-1968), s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya bir de bakteriler \u00e2lemini ekleyerek, canl\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00f6rt \u00e2lemde gruplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tekh\u00fccreli \u00f6karyotlar ile prokaryotlar\u0131n birbirinden farklar\u0131n\u0131n belirginle\u015fmesi ile s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada ayr\u0131 bir \u00e2lem daha a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1969 y\u0131l\u0131ndaysa Amerikal\u0131 bitki bilimci Robert Whittaker (1920-1980), mantarlar \u00e2lemini de (tek ya da \u00e7okh\u00fccreli \u00f6karyotik canl\u0131lard\u0131r) ekleyerek, be\u015f \u00e2lemli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. (\u015eekil 2) Yine bu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada da, g\u00f6zlemlenebilir fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. Be\u015f \u00e2lemli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte, bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 2: Whittaker\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi, canl\u0131lar\u0131 be\u015f \u00e2lemde grupluyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu zamana kadar canl\u0131lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda benzer y\u00f6ntemler takip edilmi\u015ftir. Bilim ilerledik\u00e7e daha detayl\u0131 g\u00f6zlemler yap\u0131lsa da, canl\u0131lar temel olarak benzer fiziksel (morfolojik) \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re grupland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Carl Woese ve yeni sistemler<\/strong><\/p>\n

1977 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amerikal\u0131 mikrobiyolog Carl Woese (1928-), Whittaker\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerdi\u011fi be\u015f \u00e2lemli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada bulunan bakteriler \u00e2lemini ikiye ay\u0131rarak, toplam \u00e2lem say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alt\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bitkiler, hayvanlar, mantarlar, protistalar, \u00f6bakteri \u00e2lemi (tekh\u00fccreli prokaryotlar) ve arkebakteriler (prokaryot yap\u0131da, ancak bakterilerden \u00e7ok \u00f6karyotlara benzeyen tekh\u00fccreli canl\u0131lar) olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u015eekil 3)<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 3: 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Carl Woese t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcst-alemde toplad\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Buradaki s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki evrimsel akrabal\u0131klar\u0131 ve molek\u00fcler genetik verileri i\u00e7erir. Woese, \u00f6zellikle ribozomal RNA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan elde edilen ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n birbirleriyle olan akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bulgular\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 organizmalar morfolojik olarak benzer g\u00f6r\u00fcnmese de, h\u00fccresel seviyede gen yap\u0131lar\u0131, protein yap\u0131lar\u0131, metabolik yol izleri vb. benzerlik i\u00e7erebilir. \u00d6zellikle arkealarla birlikte, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada \u00e2lemden daha yukar\u0131da bir grubun ihtiyac\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Carl Woese, t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 temel \u00fcst \u00e2lemde (domain) grupland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bakteriler, \u00f6karyotlar ve arkealar. Bu sistemde, alt\u0131 \u00e2lemli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sisteminden vazge\u00e7ilmemi\u015ftir, ancak \u00f6karyotik \u00e2lemler tek bir \u00e7at\u0131da toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sistemde arkealar\u0131n \u00f6karyotlara olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bakterilere olan yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerin okul kitaplar\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD\u2019de alt\u0131 \u00e2lemli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u00f6\u011fretilirken, \u0130ngiltere ve Avustralya okul kitaplar\u0131nda be\u015f \u00e2lemli s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemi \u00f6\u011fretiliyor.<\/p>\n

Modern s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemleri, organizmalar aras\u0131ndaki evrimsel yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel almaktad\u0131r. Organizmalar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edindik\u00e7e, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma \u015femalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmekte ve yeni akrabal\u0131k dereceleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda, h\u00fccre biyolojisi, molek\u00fcler biyoloji, molek\u00fcler genetik, biyokimya ve evrim alanlar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler organizmalar\u0131n birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerini anlamam\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemlerinde ya\u015fanan temel de\u011fi\u015fiklikler de, bu yeni bilim alanlar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri takip etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Aristoteles\u2019den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelen t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemleri, kendi bulunduklar\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde do\u011fru olarak kabul edilmi\u015f ve kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bilimsel geli\u015fmeler sonucu canl\u0131lar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgiye sahip olunmas\u0131yla birlikte, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemleri de farkl\u0131la\u015farak daha sa\u011flam temellere oturmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle canl\u0131lar\u0131n genetik yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve evrimsel yak\u0131nl\u0131k derecelerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte, soya\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 daha do\u011fru ve detayl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Filogenetik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n

Filogenetik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma, organizmalar aras\u0131ndaki evrimsel yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemidir. Linnaean s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re iki temel avantaj i\u00e7erir: \u00d6ncelikle her organizman\u0131n evrimsel tarihi hakk\u0131nda bilgi verir. \u0130kinci olarak da, Linneaen s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi organizmalar\u0131 belirli gruplar halinde (\u00e2lem, s\u0131n\u0131f, tak\u0131m vb.) derecelere ay\u0131rmaz. Linnaean s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki evrimsel akrabal\u0131klara dayanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131 filogenetik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmay\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki evrimsel akrabal\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, filogenetik a\u011fa\u00e7 ad\u0131 verilen diyagram-\u00e7izimler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Diyagram \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok dal bulunur. Bir grup ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki dal\u0131n ayr\u0131m noktas\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r ve zaman olarak bu noktadan sonra iki grubun farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlere do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Her bir organizma ise dallar\u0131n en u\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunur. \u0130ki farkl\u0131 daldan geriye do\u011fru gidecek olursak, o iki organizman\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu \u201cortak ataya\u201d ula\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Filogenetik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Linnaean s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok ikili adland\u0131rma ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Akrabal\u0131k dereceleri de uyumludur. Ancak baz\u0131 durumlarda iki s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sisteminin uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalar vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ku\u015flar evrimsel olarak s\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerle yak\u0131n akrabad\u0131r. Filogenetik a\u011fa\u00e7ta ise, ku\u015flar s\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerin i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterilir. T\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6steren filogenetik a\u011fa\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015femad\u0131r. (\u015eekil 4) Yeni bulgular canl\u0131lar\u0131n birbirleriyle olan evrimsel akrabal\u0131k derecelerini daha netle\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

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\u015eekil 4: Ya\u015fam\u0131n filogenetik a\u011fac\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130kili adland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n

Carolus Linnaeus ayn\u0131 zamanda canl\u0131lar\u0131 isimlendirmek i\u00e7in Latince iki isimden olu\u015fan ve ikili adland\u0131rma (binomial nomenclature) ad\u0131 verilen bir sistem olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Her bir canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fc bu yolla isimlendirilir ve evrensel olarak bu isimler ge\u00e7erli kabul edilir. \u0130lk isim t\u00fcr\u00fcn ait oldu\u011fu cinsin ad\u0131d\u0131r, ikinci isim ise o t\u00fcr i\u00e7in verilen \u00f6zel isimdir. \u0130kinci isim, t\u00fcr\u00fc ke\u015ffeden bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n ya da ilk ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi yerin onuruna da verilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cFelis catus\u201d ev kedisinin t\u00fcr ad\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cFelis\u201d bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ait oldu\u011fu cinsi g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olsa da, ayn\u0131 isimlendirme sistemi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lla birlikte canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle hiyerar\u015fideki \u00fcst grupland\u0131rmalar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011framaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>Deniz \u015eahin, 50 Soruda Ya\u015fam\u0131n Tarihi, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ekim 2011, 2. Bask\u0131, s.33-39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde isimlendirilebilen farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 2 milyona yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Var oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen t\u00fcr say\u0131s\u0131 ise bundan \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. Peki, bu kadar fazla say\u0131daki organizmay\u0131 birbirleriyle ili\u015fkilerine, yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na ve akrabal\u0131k derecelerine g\u00f6re nas\u0131l ay\u0131rabiliriz? Bu u\u011fra\u015f binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve zamanla geli\u015ferek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemlerini olu\u015fturdu. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca, do\u011fa ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n en temel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":36691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[983,200,5295,2006,595],"class_list":["post-36690","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-canlilar","tag-evrim","tag-filogenetik","tag-siniflandirma","tag-yasam"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36690","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36690"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36690\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36690"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36690"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36690"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}