{"id":36896,"date":"2019-09-19T03:20:11","date_gmt":"2019-09-19T00:20:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=36896"},"modified":"2019-09-18T17:22:00","modified_gmt":"2019-09-18T14:22:00","slug":"yaslilikta-ogrenme-ve-hafiza-ile-ilgili-olan-beyin-bolgesi-kesfedildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/09\/19\/yaslilikta-ogrenme-ve-hafiza-ile-ilgili-olan-beyin-bolgesi-kesfedildi","title":{"rendered":"Ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta \u00f6\u011frenme ve haf\u0131za ile ilgili olan beyin b\u00f6lgesi ke\u015ffedildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neden baz\u0131 bili\u015fsel yetenekler \u00f6zellikle yeti\u015fkinlik d\u00f6neminde azalmaktad\u0131r? Baz\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 yeni bilgiler \u00f6\u011frenip bu bilgileri hat\u0131rlayabiliyorken, neden di\u011ferleri \u00f6\u011frenemiyor? Bu sorulara cevap vermek i\u00e7in, son 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunan sinirbilimciler \u00e7o\u011funlukla haf\u0131za ve \u00f6\u011frenmede merkezi bir rol oynayan korteks ve hipokamp\u00fcs \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Beyin sap\u0131nda korteksin ard\u0131na iyice gizlenmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir h\u00fccre yap\u0131s\u0131 olan Locus coeruleus, son zamanlarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekti. Locus coeruleus yani mavi nokta, beyin sap\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6lgedir. Bu \u00e7ekirdek yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 mm b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ve kapsaml\u0131 sinir lifi a\u011f\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla beynin di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. N\u00f6romod\u00fclat\u00f6r olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan norepinefrin, n\u00f6ronlar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi d\u00fczenler ve b\u00f6ylece dikkat, duygu ve stresin kontrol\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ek olarak hayvan deneyleri, norepinefrinin h\u00fccresel d\u00fczeyde yeniden yap\u0131lanmay\u0131 destekledi\u011fini ve yeni an\u0131lar\u0131n, becerilerin ve bilgilerin daha uzun s\u00fcre depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. N\u00f6rotransmitter norepinefrinin, ana kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta haf\u0131zam\u0131z\u0131n daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkisi oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. Bu nedenle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme ve haf\u0131za s\u00fcre\u00e7leri Locus coeruleus\u2019un sa\u011flam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Max Planck \u0130nsan Geli\u015fimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve G\u00fcney Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, manyetik rezonans g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme (MRG) ve yeni analiz y\u00f6ntemlerini kullanarak, ileriki ya\u015flardaki haf\u0131zan\u0131n iyi olmas\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir Locus coeruleus ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a, Locus coerulus muhtemelen kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan, beyni ve omirili\u011fi \u00e7evreleyen s\u0131v\u0131dan gelen toksinlerin birikmesi sonucu artan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f belirtilerini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Son ara\u015ft\u0131rma bulgular\u0131, Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 patolojisinin ilk \u00f6nce Locus coeruleus\u2019ta ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fini ve en nihayetinde hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ileriki a\u015famalar\u0131nda beynin geri kalan\u0131na ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce orada haf\u0131za ile ilgili b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere yay\u0131labilece\u011fini de g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u00fcney Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi Gerontoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Mara Mather, “\u00d6l\u00fc beyin dokusunu inceleyen son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli patolojik g\u00f6stergelerinden birinin, \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n orta ya\u015flara gelene kadar Locus coeruleus\u2019unda bulunabildi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor. Mevcut bulgular, insanlarda bili\u015fsel i\u015flev ile Locus ceruleus\u2019un b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir” dedi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Beynin Locus coeruleus isimli b\u00f6lgesinin ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta haf\u0131za ve \u00f6\u011frenme ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Max Plank \u0130nsan Geli\u015fimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde Ya\u015fam Psikolojisi Merkezi’nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten biliminsan\u0131 Marcus Werkle-Bergner, \u201c\u00d6nceki hayvan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir Locus coeruleus ile \u00f6\u011frenme ve hat\u0131rlama aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Bu y\u00fczden Locus coeruleus’taki bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ya\u015fl\u0131lardaki haf\u0131za gerilemesi ile ili\u015fkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemek \u00f6nemlidir\u201d diye ekledi. Bir insanda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutta olup beyin sap\u0131n\u0131n derinliklerinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, bu \u00e7ekirde\u011fi incelemek \u00f6nceden neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Yeni analiz y\u00f6ntemleri ve yeni MRG tarama prosed\u00fcrleri sayesinde, bu beyin b\u00f6lgesi \u015fimdi invazif olmayan bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirilebilir. Bu yeni metotlarla ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ortalamas\u0131 72 olan 33 ya\u015f ve 66 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki 228 ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n Locus coeruleus\u2019unu yak\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. T\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, ayn\u0131 zamanda Berlin Ya\u015flanma \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 II (BASE-II) kapsam\u0131nda bir dizi n\u00f6ropsikolojik haf\u0131za testine de kat\u0131ld\u0131. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, birka\u00e7 tur boyunca 15 kelimelik bir listeyi ezberlemek ve sonra onlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlamak zorunda kald\u0131lar. Beklenildi\u011fi gibi, gen\u00e7 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar ortalama olarak, ya\u015fl\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara g\u00f6re bu g\u00f6revlerde daha iyilerdi. \u00d6zellikle Locus coeruleus\u2019u gen\u00e7 gruba benzeyen ya\u015fl\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, locusta ya\u015flanma ile ilgili belirti g\u00f6sterenlere g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek performans sergilemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Max Plank \u0130nsan Geli\u015fimi Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ya\u015fan Planlar\u0131 Psikolojisi Merkezi\u2019nde predoktoral ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olan Martin Dahl, \u201cLocus coeruleus beynin \u00e7ok hassas bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bulgular\u0131m\u0131z, Locus\u2019un yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u015fleyi\u015finin ya\u015flanma ile ilgili bozulmalar\u0131n\u0131n dikkat ve haf\u0131za i\u00e7in geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lara sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Gelecekteki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, hastal\u0131kla ilgili s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin Locus coeruleus\u2019un ya\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131p h\u0131zland\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemesi gerekir” dedi.<\/p>\n

Alzheimer gibi hastal\u0131klarda, ilk davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri meydana gelmeden \u00f6nce, n\u00f6ropatolojik de\u011fi\u015fimler s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerlemesi s\u00fcrebilir. Hem Locus coeruleus\u2019u hem de hastal\u0131\u011fa ait biyobelirte\u00e7leri de\u011ferlendiren uzun vadeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131kta haf\u0131zan\u0131n patolojik de\u011fi\u015fimlerine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilir.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/news\/2019-09-small-nucleus-brain-large-effects.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neden baz\u0131 bili\u015fsel yetenekler \u00f6zellikle yeti\u015fkinlik d\u00f6neminde azalmaktad\u0131r? Baz\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar h\u00e2l\u00e2 yeni bilgiler \u00f6\u011frenip bu bilgileri hat\u0131rlayabiliyorken, neden di\u011ferleri \u00f6\u011frenemiyor? Bu sorulara cevap vermek i\u00e7in, son 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunan sinirbilimciler \u00e7o\u011funlukla haf\u0131za ve \u00f6\u011frenmede merkezi bir rol oynayan korteks ve hipokamp\u00fcs \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Beyin sap\u0131nda korteksin ard\u0131na iyice gizlenmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir h\u00fccre […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2122,"featured_media":36898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[254,1994,298,494,2111],"class_list":["post-36896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-beyin","tag-davranis","tag-hafiza","tag-ogrenme","tag-yaslilik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2122"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36896\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36898"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}