{"id":36901,"date":"2019-09-17T03:40:19","date_gmt":"2019-09-17T00:40:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=36901"},"modified":"2019-09-19T17:01:59","modified_gmt":"2019-09-19T14:01:59","slug":"evrenle-soylesiler-20-bir-notron-yildiziyla-soylesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/09\/17\/evrenle-soylesiler-20-bir-notron-yildiziyla-soylesi","title":{"rendered":"Evrenle s\u00f6yle\u015filer 20 : Bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131yla s\u00f6yle\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7evirmen: N\u00e2lan Mahsereci<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fcpernova patlamalar\u0131ndan arta kalan maddelerin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi etkisiyle \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle meydana gelen bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131yla s\u00f6yle\u015ftik\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130y<\/em><\/strong>i geceler, tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za memnun oldum.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler, ben de burada bulunmaktan memnunum.<\/p>\n

Konu\u015fmaya ne oldu\u011funuzla, yani n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u00ad\u011fuyla ba\u015flayabilir miyiz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, ama beni bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyin. Beni yanl\u0131\u015f an\u00adlamay\u0131n, bu ad\u0131 seviyorum; ama benim i\u00e7imde hi\u00e7bir f\u00fczyon olu\u015fmaz. Bir y\u0131ld\u0131zdan daha \u00e7ok dev bir \u00e7ekirdek gibiyim, tabii n\u00f6tral olu\u015fumu saymazsak.<\/p>\n

Yani kat\u0131 n\u00f6tronlar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sadece n\u00f6trondan olu\u015fmaktay\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Baya\u011f\u0131 yo\u011fun olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130dare ediyorum.<\/p>\n

Demek istedi\u011fim, her bir birim hacminiz ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir k\u00fctleye sahip olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Do\u011fru mu?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Her saniye b\u00fcy\u00fck bir araban\u0131n garaj\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Garaj\u0131m o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fil.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

25 y\u0131l boyunca kesintisiz her saniyede bir tane araban\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u00adye girdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n

Sizi temin ederim, bu kadar yer yok.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Onlar\u0131 benim yo\u011funlu\u011fuma s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirseniz olacakt\u0131r. As\u00adl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn o arabalar, parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131za da yerle\u015febilir, tabii e\u011fer benim yo\u011funlu\u011fumdaysalar.<\/p>\n

\u0130nan\u0131lmaz, nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funuzu sorabilir miyim?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir s\u00fcpernova patlamas\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131y\u0131m.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcpernovan\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klayabilir misiniz?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hay hay, s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam et\u00admek isterim.<\/p>\n

Notlar\u0131ma bir g\u00f6z atay\u0131m, ha evet, y\u0131ld\u0131z, hidrojenin hel\u00adyumu, helyumun da karbonu nas\u0131l olu\u015fturdu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, sonra k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 dev evresini, sonra da beyaz c\u00fcceyi anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Son bir g\u00f6rkemli parlamayla y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131z sona ermeseydi, hu\u00adzurlu ve verimli bir kariyeri olurdu. Sonunda, uzanarak gezege\u00adninize temas etmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr; bu yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki ya\u015fam\u0131 uzun bir s\u00fcre desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bunun b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebilece\u011finizi varsay\u0131yorum.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Ona neden karbonda durdu\u011funu sordunuz mu?<\/p>\n

Buna \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nedeni toplam k\u00fctlesidir. Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylersek, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131z, konuyu daha fazla zorlayacak k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc bir araya getiremez.<\/p>\n

Konu dedi\u011finiz nedir?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

F\u00fczyon. Ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fctleli y\u0131ld\u0131zlar i\u00e7inde tepkimeler s\u00fc\u00adrer; karbon ve karbon, magnezyumu olu\u015fturur; karbon ve hel\u00adyum, oksijeni olu\u015fturur; oksijen ve oksijen, s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturur; oksijen ve helyum, neonu olu\u015ftur ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 b\u00f6yle gider; bu f\u00fczyon s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin her biri enerji a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 demir olu\u015fumuna kadar s\u00fcrer mi?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi baz\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r elementlerin olu\u015fumu d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131nda s\u00fcrer, ama temelde y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n i\u00e7i kaynam\u0131\u015f s\u0131cak demir k\u00fcresidir.<\/p>\n

Sonra ne olur?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131. Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fini an\u0131ms\u0131yor musunuz, \u201cBir y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrekli \u00f6fkeli bir sava\u015f vard\u0131r; kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan radyasyon bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru iti\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, tam bir \u00e7\u00f6\u00adk\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6rmek isteyen k\u00fctle\u00e7ekiminin i\u00e7e do\u011fru \u00e7eki\u015fi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Evet.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bir kez demir olu\u015funca, d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru bir radyasyon bas\u0131nc\u0131 kalmaz, b\u00f6ylece y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6kmeye devam eder. Ger\u00e7ekten de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r, milyarlarca dereceye ula\u015f\u0131r. Is\u0131 enerjisi demir atomlar\u0131 ta\u00adraf\u0131ndan so\u011furulur, ki bu da onlar\u0131 par\u00e7alar; y\u0131ld\u0131z, basit\u00e7e n\u00f6t\u00adron, proton ve elektron haline gelir ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 iner.<\/p>\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fer mi?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bu geni\u015f bir buz k\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc bir tabak \u00e7orbaya koymaya benzer. S\u0131cak \u00e7orban\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi, eriyen buza ge\u00e7er ve \u00e7orba so\u011fur. Y\u0131l\u00add\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7indeyse, \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f demir atomlar\u0131n\u0131n ara\u00ads\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n

Anlad\u0131m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Burada i\u015fler iyice ilgin\u00e7le\u015fmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Y\u0131ld\u0131z \u015fimdi, \u00e7ok daha so\u011fuktur, bu nedenle \u00e7\u00f6ker; sonunda elektron ve proton\u00adlar\u0131 bir di\u011ferinin \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131nda olmaya zorlar ve onlar da birlik\u00adte n\u00f6tron ve n\u00f6trinolar\u0131 olu\u015fturur. N\u00f6trinolar arkalar\u0131nda n\u00f6t\u00adronlar\u0131 b\u0131rakarak, h\u0131zla ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Y\u0131ld\u0131z kat\u0131 n\u00f6tronlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fcresine \u00e7\u00f6ker. \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f \u00f6ylesine \u015fiddetlidir ki, n\u00f6tronlar\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek bir yo\u011funlu\u011fa s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, yani n\u00f6tron \u00e7ekirde\u011fi devasa \u015fok dalgas\u0131yla geriteper.<\/p>\n

Bir topun sert bir y\u00fczeye \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, sonra geri\u00adtepmeyle itilirken geni\u015flemesi gibi mi?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, ama \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc. Asl\u0131nda bu bir s\u00fcpernovad\u0131r, Ev\u00adren i\u00e7indeki en enerjik olaylardan biridir.<\/p>\n

Anl\u0131yorum, ama bir yere tak\u0131ld\u0131m. Nova ifadesini duymu\u015f\u00adtum, s\u00fcpernova basit\u00e7e daha b\u00fcy\u00fck nova m\u0131 demek?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r hay\u0131r, \u00f6yle de\u011fil. Bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 devle beyaz c\u00fcceyi bir y\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcngede hayal edin.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f ile s\u00f6yle\u015fimizde, bunu konu\u015fmu\u015ftuk.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00fczel. Zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015fken, birbirlerine yakla\u015f\u0131rlarsa, beyaz c\u00fcce k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 devden madde \u00e7ekecektir. Bu madde, c\u00fccenin y\u00fc\u00adzeyinde birikecektir ve y\u00fczeyde s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan, c\u00fcce giderek \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda, \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 15 milyon dereceye kadar \u00e7\u0131ka\u00adbilir. Bunun ne anlama geldi\u011fini biliyorsunuz.<\/p>\n

F\u00fczyon mu?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

F\u00fczyon, a\u00e7\u0131k f\u00fczyon.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k f\u00fczyon?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Genellikle f\u00fczyon y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n kalplerinin derinliklerinde olu\u00ad\u015fur. S\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz durumda bu y\u00fczeyde de do\u011frudur ve birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ya da birka\u00e7 hafta boyunca bu y\u0131ld\u0131z G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten 10.000 kat daha parlak \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7abilir. Asl\u0131nda, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir \u015fey g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u00adyorken, aniden y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131, yeni y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, ya da novay\u0131.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcre\u00e7 devam edebilecek midir?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, ama beyaz c\u00fcce intihar olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli olmak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ntihar m\u0131?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 devden \u00e7ok miktarda madde \u00e7eken beyaz c\u00fcce i\u00e7in intihar s\u00f6z konusudur. E\u011fer \u00e7ok fazla madde al\u0131rsa ve top\u00adlam k\u00fctlesi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inizin 1,4 kat\u0131na ya da daha fazlas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131rsa, \u00e7\u00f6kecek ve bir s\u00fcpernovaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir. A\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m t\u00fcrden farkl\u0131 bir ba\u015flang\u0131ca sahip olana Tip I s\u00fcpernova diyebilirsiniz; a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m Tip II\u2019dir. S\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z karbon atomu Tip I s\u00fc\u00adpernovadan gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z haliyle, basit gibi duruyor. Yani n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 patlamas\u0131n\u0131n bir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6yleyim. Tip II s\u00fcpernovadan geliyorum.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz ne kadar?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inizle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ayn\u0131 k\u00fctledeyim ve 20 km geni\u015fli\u00ad\u011findeyim.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok ilgin\u00e7, \u00e7ok k\u00fctleli ve \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, bu bana s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zellikler veriyor. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ne kadar?<\/p>\n

A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ma bakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, 81 kilo civar\u0131nday\u0131m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

E\u011fer \u00fczerimde ayakta durabilseniz, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z 1 milyon ton gelecektir. Saniyede 100 kez d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmden ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131z da f\u0131r\u0131l f\u0131r\u0131l d\u00f6necektir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada hi\u00e7 b\u00f6yle de\u011fildir.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Do\u011fru, de\u011fildir. Benim D\u00fcnyan\u0131nkinden 1 trilyon kat kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan manyetik alan\u0131m da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011funuz ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibi \u0131\u015f\u0131n yaymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in, saptanman\u0131z imk\u00e2ns\u0131z gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n

Arka avlunuza gece \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ve g\u00f6zlerinizi yukar\u0131 dikti\u011finiz\u00adde, beni g\u00f6rmeyi beklememelisiniz, kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Gene de beni ke\u015ffettiniz.<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00f6klerde yaln\u0131zca optik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m ya da \u0131\u015f\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131yorsunuz; X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m ve radyo dalgalar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 da ar\u0131yor\u00adsunuz.<\/p>\n

Evet.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Jocelyn Bell 1960\u2019lar\u0131n sonunda mezun olmu\u015f bir \u00f6\u011frenciydi. Radyo yay\u0131nlar\u0131yla g\u00f6kleri ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, harika bir gizemle sonu\u00e7la\u00adnacak bir ke\u015fif yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Neydi bu ke\u015fif?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Radyo dalga boyu enerjisini buldu; ama onu g\u00f6kadalardan ge\u00adlen radyo yay\u0131n\u0131 ya da y\u0131ld\u0131zdan gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi kesintisiz almak yerine, bir nab\u0131z gibi at\u0131mla ald\u0131. K\u0131sa bir patlama, 1,34 saniye sonra bir ba\u015fka k\u0131sa patlama, b\u00f6yle s\u00fcr\u00fcp gidiyordu.<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 telgraf anahtar\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, aralar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fitlenmiyordu. Tabii ki hi\u00e7 kimse, en az bir y\u0131ld\u0131z kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu tahmin edilen bu \u015feyin nas\u0131l olup da a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapanabilece\u011fini anlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylesi bir \u015feyin mekanizmas\u0131 bilinmiyordu. Zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e, pulsar diye adlan\u00add\u0131r\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan di\u011ferleri de bulundu.<\/p>\n

Gizem nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bir i\u015faret feneri gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fcler. A\u00e7may\u0131 ve havaya kusma\u00ady\u0131, h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f hareketi iyi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Peki\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

S\u00fcrekli parlak bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k yay\u0131yor, ama bir yandan kendi etraf\u0131n\u00adda d\u00f6n\u00fcyor. I\u015f\u0131n do\u011frudan size y\u00f6neldi\u011finde parlak g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz; sizden \u00f6teye y\u00f6neldi\u011finde bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmezsiniz. Net sonu\u00e7 \u015fudur: S\u00fcrekli parlayan \u0131\u015f\u0131k, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f nedeniyle size g\u00f6z k\u0131rpar gibi g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu pulsar\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet.<\/p>\n

Pulsar\u0131n yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji, \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine nas\u0131l odaklan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bir \u015feyin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir manyetik alan\u0131 varsa, enerjiyi g\u00f6vdesinin manyetik kutuplar\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya, uzaya yayar. Pulsarlardan ge\u00adlen enerjinin a\u00e7\u0131klanabilmesi i\u00e7in, g\u00f6vdesinin \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Onun bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini mi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet, \u00f6yle olmal\u0131. Pulsarlar, bizim varolu\u015fumuzla ilgili g\u00f6z\u00adlemsel kan\u0131tlard\u0131r. Pulsar d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde, manyetik kutuplar her zaman d\u00fcnyay\u0131 i\u015faret etmelidir ki, at\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6relim. Bu, Bell\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00add\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015feydir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fcleyici, yani pulsarlar n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 des\u00adtekliyor.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Pulsarlar ve di\u011fer ilgin\u00e7 kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yeni bir \u015fey\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bunu 1970\u2019lerde g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z. G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019inizin oldu\u011fun\u00addan bin kat daha fazla enerjisi olan, ama birka\u00e7 saniyede sonla\u00adnan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 patlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ecektiniz.<\/p>\n

X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu an\u0131msatabilir misiniz?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Elbette, elektromanyetik enerji bir\u00e7ok dalga boyunda gelir. E\u011fer dalga boylar\u0131, 4×10-7 ile 7×10-7 m aras\u0131nda ve k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u00addan biraz daha uzun, ya da mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131ndan biraz daha k\u0131saysa, g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlerdir. E\u011fer dalga boyu 10-10 civar\u0131ndaysa, X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r; e\u011fer 10-12 ya da daha k\u0131saysa gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler. X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamas\u0131 periyodik midir?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

G\u00fczel bir soru, fakat yan\u0131t\u0131 hay\u0131r. Her patlamada, patlayan enerji yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu nas\u0131l olabilir?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Novalar gibi olur, sadece e\u015flik\u00e7i y\u0131ld\u0131zdan beyaz c\u00fcce de\u011fil, ben madde kapar\u0131m. Madde benim y\u00fczeyimde birikir ve sonu\u00e7ta f\u00fczyona maruz kal\u0131r. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi alan\u0131m y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7ok fazla X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz.<\/p>\n

Biliyor musunuz, anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z son g\u00fcnlerde okudu\u011fum bir \u015feyleri an\u0131msatt\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Neymi\u015f o?<\/p>\n

Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamalar\u0131. Bununla ilgili bir \u015fey biliyor mu\u00adsunuz?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Bunun Ba\u015fkan Eisenhower\u2019a kadar giden bir hik\u00e2yesi var. 1950\u2019lerin sonlar\u0131yd\u0131, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z n\u00fckleer denemeleri k\u0131s\u0131tlamak gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ama uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fma taslaklar\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken kimse bunu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yazamad\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle, gezege\u00adninizin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine, uzayda patlayan herhangi bir n\u00fckleer bom\u00adbay\u0131 fark edecek dedekt\u00f6rler yerle\u015ftirdiniz.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi an\u0131ms\u0131yorum, s\u00f6z\u00fcmona \u00e7ok gizli kapakl\u0131 bir proje vard\u0131: Vela Projesi.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Evet ve y\u0131llar sonraki analizler, bu dedekt\u00f6rlerin atom bom\u00adbalar\u0131ndan gelmeyen, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek enerjili gama \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yo\u00ad\u011fun patlamalar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Daha modern alet\u00adler g\u00f6sterdi ki, bu patlamalar \u00e7ok k\u0131sa, saniyenin onda biriyle birka\u00e7 dakika aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Gama \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 patlamalar\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Hi\u00e7 kimse bilmiyor, fakat 1999\u2019da bir ipucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ast\u00adronomlar teleskoplar\u0131n\u0131 bir gama patlamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7ok h\u0131zla d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar ve optik spektrumunu g\u00f6rd\u00fcler, bunu ge\u00e7 \u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ma olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7ok ciddi olarak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya kayd\u0131klar\u0131 fark edildi ve bundan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok uzakta olduklar\u0131 an\u00adla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z en b\u00fcy\u00fck problem, bir cismin b\u00f6ylesine devasa boyutlardaki g\u00fcc\u00fc nas\u0131l yayabilece\u011fini nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u00ad\u011f\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Ne b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten s\u00f6z ediyoruz?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6nce bir oturun.<\/p>\n

Haz\u0131r\u0131m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funuz Samanyolu G\u00f6kadas\u0131n\u0131n toplam g\u00fcc\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcn milyarlarca kat\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir g\u00fc\u00e7.<\/p>\n

\u0130nan\u0131l\u0131r gibi de\u011fil, belki acayip bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7eriyordur ara\u00adlar\u0131nda\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r, bunu her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz, neredeyse g\u00fcnde bir kez\u2026<\/p>\n

Onlar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeyeceksiniz\u2026<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Kimileriniz, bunun yaln\u0131zca \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 pat\u00adlamas\u0131 gibi oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc; ama e\u011flencenizi bozaca\u011f\u0131m. Asl\u0131nda, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedik problemlere sahip oldu\u011funuzda \u00e7ok iyi oluyorsunuz. Kuramlar\u0131n\u0131z ve g\u00f6zlemlerinizin her bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 incelemelisiniz, her hipotezinizi mikroskop alt\u0131na yat\u0131rmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz yapmamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Deneyselciler imk\u00e2ns\u0131z\u0131 yapmay\u0131 ister, kuramc\u0131lar imkans\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi ister. Sonra bir \u015feyler olur, vadi h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u0131cakken birden patlayan yaz f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 gi\u00adbidir, ya da \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar birbirlerine eklenerek \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilemeyecek bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturur. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm her iki yoldan gelir, genellikle anaforuyla daha fazla gizem yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Pek\u00e2l\u00e2, bu gizemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ar\u0131yor olaca\u011f\u0131m. S\u00f6yle\u015fiye ka\u00adt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Benim i\u00e7in de keyifliydi, ho\u015f\u00e7a kal\u0131n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7evirmen: N\u00e2lan Mahsereci S\u00fcpernova patlamalar\u0131ndan arta kalan maddelerin k\u00fctle\u00e7ekimi etkisiyle \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle meydana gelen bir n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131yla s\u00f6yle\u015ftik\u2026 \u0130yi geceler, tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za memnun oldum. Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler, ben de burada bulunmaktan memnunum. Konu\u015fmaya ne oldu\u011funuzla, yani n\u00f6tron y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u00ad\u011fuyla ba\u015flayabilir miyiz? Evet, ama beni bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyin. Beni yanl\u0131\u015f an\u00adlamay\u0131n, bu ad\u0131 seviyorum; ama benim i\u00e7imde hi\u00e7bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":412,"featured_media":36902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2317],"tags":[5318,2238,1883,2300,2765,1780],"class_list":["post-36901","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-evrenle-soylesiler","tag-gama-isini","tag-notron-yildizi","tag-pulsar","tag-supernova","tag-x-isini","tag-yildiz"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t