{"id":36953,"date":"2019-09-20T03:44:48","date_gmt":"2019-09-20T00:44:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=36953"},"modified":"2019-09-19T11:50:29","modified_gmt":"2019-09-19T08:50:29","slug":"gunesin-sonu-nasil-olacak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/09\/20\/gunesin-sonu-nasil-olacak","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in sonu nas\u0131l olacak?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evren\u2019deki her \u015fey gibi, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in de bir g\u00fcn sonu gelecek. Asl\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in sonunun b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in uzun zamand\u0131r olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131k; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e benzeyen, ama \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin farkl\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 incelemi\u015f ve G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in sonunun nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi anlam\u0131\u015f durumdalar. Ancak t\u0131pk\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin do\u011fu\u015funda oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki a\u015famalar\u0131n s\u00fcrelerine ili\u015fkin de kesin bir tahminde bulunam\u0131yorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in bir ana kol y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7irece\u011fi s\u00fcre kimilerine g\u00f6re 9-10 milyar y\u0131lken, kimilerine g\u00f6re de 13 milyar y\u0131l kadar olabiliyor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in merkezinde hidrojenin helyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ve bu s\u0131rada da muazzam miktarda enerji ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,56 milyar y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. En az\u0131ndan bir 5 milyar y\u0131l daha bu durumun s\u00fcrece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Merkezindeki yak\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n, yani hidrojenin ancak yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketen G\u00fcne\u015f, art\u0131k orta ya\u015fl\u0131 bir y\u0131ld\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Dengesi bozulan G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7ekirde\u011fi i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u00f6kerken, \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ku\u015fatan ince bir tabakada n\u00fckleer tepkimeler s\u00fcrecek ve hidrojen helyuma orada d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclecek. Bu s\u0131rada G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeleri de \u015fi\u015fecek ve geni\u015fleyecek.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130lk olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7ap\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 10 daha k\u0131sayd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da y\u00fczde 30-40 daha azd\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca \u00e7ap\u0131 ve parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve parlakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki bir milyar y\u0131l i\u00e7inde G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 10 artacak; bu da yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 40-50 derece y\u00fckselmesine yol a\u00e7acak. 3,5 milyar y\u0131l sonraysa parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczde 40 daha \u00e7ok olacak. Bu durumda yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar dayan\u0131lmaz dereceleri bulacak. D\u00fcnya, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ven\u00fcs kadar s\u0131cak bir gezegen olacak. Olas\u0131l\u0131kla o zaman yerin binlerce metre derinliklerinde ya\u015fayan dayan\u0131kl\u0131 birka\u00e7 bakteri t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ba\u015fka, D\u00fcnya\u2019da hi\u00e7bir canl\u0131 olmayacak. \u00d6yle g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor ki, D\u00fcnya\u2019da bakterilerle ba\u015flayan ya\u015fam, bakterilerle son bulacak.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7ekirde\u011finde hidrojen t\u00fckenen ve dengesini yitiren G\u00fcne\u015f, ilk 600-700 milyon y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6nce k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme ge\u00e7irecektir. Bu s\u0131rada y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015fece\u011finden rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131la\u015facak ve bir k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 dev olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7ekirde\u011finde helyum yakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa, rengi mavile\u015fecek ve boyutlar\u0131 da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclecektir. Ancak helyum da bitti\u011finde dengesini ikinci kez yitirecek ve 500 milyon y\u0131l i\u00e7inde normal \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n 150 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bir s\u00fcper k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 dev olacakt\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

10 milyar\u0131nc\u0131 ya\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc dolaylar\u0131nda, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019te k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanacak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc merkezindeki hidrojen, yani yak\u0131t\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle t\u00fckenmi\u015f olacak. Bu da G\u00fcne\u015f i\u00e7in bir anlamda sonun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 demek. Ancak G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in sonu hi\u00e7 de huzur dolu olmayacak. Merkezinde \u00f6nceden hidrojenin kaplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeri, 10 milyar y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrekli olu\u015fan helyum kaplayacak. Ancak iki protonlu helyum atom \u00e7ekirdekleri birbirlerini tek protonlu hidrojen \u00e7ekirdeklerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc itti\u011fi ve hi\u00e7 de bir araya gelmek istemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in merkezindeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k onlar\u0131n da n\u00fckleer tepkimeye girip enerji \u00fcretmelerine yetecek d\u00fczeyin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor olacak. Bu durumda G\u00fcne\u015f art\u0131k bir ana kol y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kacak; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc merkezindeki n\u00fckleer tepkimeler ve enerji \u00fcretimi durunca, 10 milyar y\u0131ld\u0131r korudu\u011fu hidrostatik dengeyi yitirecek. Helyumdan olu\u015fan \u00e7ekirdek b\u00f6lgesi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in dev k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim kuvvetinin etkisiyle i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flayacak. \u00c7ekirdek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fck\u00e7e yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131p iyice \u0131s\u0131nacak. Bu s\u0131rada \u00e7ekirde\u011fi ku\u015fatan ince bir tabakada hidrojenin helyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc n\u00fckleer tepkimeler ve enerji \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrecek. \u00c7ekirde\u011fin giderek \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 ve onu ku\u015fatan kabukta enerji \u00fcretilmesi nedeniyle, d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru bir enerji ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olacak ve G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in d\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131 geni\u015flemeye ba\u015flayacak. G\u00fcne\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e y\u00fczey alan\u0131 da geni\u015fleyecek; b\u00f6ylece y\u00fczeyi giderek so\u011fuyacak ve rengi de turuncuya, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya do\u011fru kayacak. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 600-700 milyon y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek bu a\u015faman\u0131n sonunda, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7ap\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden 1-2 kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1000\u00b0C kadar daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla rengi de k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya yak\u0131n olacak.<\/p>\n

Bu a\u015famay\u0131 izleyen 500 milyon y\u0131l i\u00e7inde G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019te daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim olacak: \u00d6nce boyutlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclecek ve rengi mavile\u015fecek, ard\u0131ndan da h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geni\u015fleme s\u00fcrecine girecek. \u00c7ap\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcn\u00fcn 150 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kacak. Her ne kadar y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 biraz d\u00fc\u015fse ve rengi k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131la\u015fsa da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi nedeniyle o zamanki parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fcn\u00fcn 2000 kat\u0131 olacak. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bu a\u015famas\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f tam bir \u201ck\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 dev\u201d olacak. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 dev olma s\u00fcrecinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fiddetlenen g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 nedeniyle G\u00fcne\u015f, k\u00fctlesinin y\u00fczde 30-40 kadar\u0131n\u0131 uzaya sa\u00e7acak. K\u00fctlesindeki bu azalma nedeniyle, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nen ba\u015fta gezegenler olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn her \u015fey \u00fczerindeki k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim etkisi azalacak ve aradaki ba\u011f zay\u0131flayacak. Sistemdeki her \u015feyin y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019ten bir miktar uzakla\u015facak. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ven\u00fcs, bug\u00fcn D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n oldu\u011fu y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye gelirken D\u00fcnya\u2019da Mars\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine yak\u0131n bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye kayacak.<\/p>\n

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G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in ya\u015fam\u0131 (B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckler \u00f6l\u00e7ekli de\u011fildir)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bir s\u00fcre sonra y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011findeki s\u0131cakl\u0131k 100 milyon dereceye ula\u015facak ve bir ba\u015fka k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fiklik daha ya\u015fanacak. Bu s\u0131cakl\u0131kta helyum atom \u00e7ekirdekleri birbirlerini iten kuvveti yenip kayna\u015fmaya ve karbon ile oksijen atom \u00e7ekirdeklerini olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flayacak. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019te n\u00fckleer tepkimeler ve enerji \u00fcretimi yeniden ba\u015flayacak. Merkez b\u00f6lgenin i\u00e7ine \u00e7\u00f6kmesi aniden duracak. Bu kez birka\u00e7 milyon y\u0131l gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede s\u00fcre\u00e7 tersine i\u015fleyecek ve y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131m\u0131z h\u0131zla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n on kat\u0131 \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir y\u0131ld\u0131za d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek. Yeniden denge durumu sa\u011flanacak ve G\u00fcne\u015f bu halde bir s\u00fcre daha \u0131\u015f\u0131yacak.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ekirdekteki helyumun yanmas\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, 100 milyon y\u0131l kadar bir s\u00fcre sonra helyum t\u00fckenecek ve \u00e7ekirdek karbon ve oksijenle dolacak. Merkezdeki n\u00fckleer tepkimeler yine duracak. Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131m\u0131z dengesini son kez yitirecek. N\u00fckleer tepkimelerin durdu\u011fu \u00e7ekirdek yine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flayacak ve ilk k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 dev a\u015famas\u0131ndaki gibi d\u0131\u015f katmanlar da geni\u015fleyecek. Art\u0131k karbon ve oksijenden olu\u015fan \u00e7ekirde\u011fi saran iki kabuk olacak: \u0130lkinde helyumu karbona ve oksijene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren n\u00fckleer tepkimeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015firken, onu saran ikinci kabukta da hidrojenin helyuma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecek. Ama bu a\u015fama \u00f6ncekine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 tamamlanacak ve (5-6 y\u00fczmilyon y\u0131l yerine) 20-25 milyon y\u0131l gibi bir s\u00fcrede sona erecek. Bu s\u00fcre boyunca \u201cesen\u201d \u015fiddetli g\u00fcne\u015f r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 nedeniyle, yine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fctle yitirilecek, uzaya savrulacak. Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim etkisi bir kez daha azalaca\u011f\u0131ndan gezegenlerin y\u00f6r\u00fcngeleri daha da \u00f6telere kayacak. Sonunda G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019imizin \u00e7ap\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fcn\u00fcn 200 kat\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f (neredeyse D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6r\u00fcngesine kadar geni\u015flemi\u015f), parlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da 5000 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olacak. D\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131yla merkezi aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fctle\u00e7ekim ba\u011f\u0131 iyice zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f olacak. D\u0131\u015f katmanlar\u0131n uzaya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecek ve 6-7 bin AB \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir \u201cgezegenimsi bulutsu\u201d olu\u015facak. Merkezdeyse D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n 1,5 kat\u0131 \u00e7ap\u0131nda (ana kol y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 oldu\u011fundaki \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 1\u2019i kadar), karbon ve oksijenden olu\u015fan, ama G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in k\u00fctlesinin yar\u0131s\u0131 k\u00fctlede bir beyaz c\u00fcce kalacak. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1 ton\/cm3 ve y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da 120.000\u00b0C dolay\u0131ndaki bu beyaz c\u00fcce art\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeyecek. Ama y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanla d\u00fc\u015fecek.<\/p>\n

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3300 \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6tedeki Kedi G\u00f6z\u00fc Bulutsusu. Merkezdeki y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n \u015fu anki k\u00fctlesi yakla\u015f\u0131k G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fctlesidir. \u0130lk k\u00fctlesinin 5 G\u00fcne\u015f k\u00fctlesi oldu\u011fu hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 80.000\u00b0C\u2019t\u0131r. Saniyede 1900 km h\u0131zla esen y\u0131ld\u0131z r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131 nedeniyle, her saniye 20 trilyon ton kadar maddesi uzaya sa\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir milyon y\u0131l kadar sonra, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00fctlesinin y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu yitirmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sonraki 100 milyar y\u0131l i\u00e7inde beyaz c\u00fccenin y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr dalga boyunda \u0131\u015f\u0131ma yapamayacak kadar azalacak ve beyaz c\u00fcce art\u0131k hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen bir siyah c\u00fcce olacak. G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in bu \u015fiddetli ve \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinde ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran gezegenler varsa, art\u0131k hi\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131k yaymayan G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00e7evresinde, bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerde, hepsi buzdan birer k\u00fcre olarak d\u00f6nmeye devam edecek.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> \u00c7a\u011flar Sunay, 50 Soruda Evren, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ekim 2011, 1.Bask\u0131, S.43-48<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evren\u2019deki her \u015fey gibi, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in de bir g\u00fcn sonu gelecek. Asl\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in sonunun b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u015famalar\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in uzun zamand\u0131r olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131k; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019e benzeyen, ama \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin farkl\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131ndaki bir\u00e7ok y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 incelemi\u015f ve G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in sonunun nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi anlam\u0131\u015f durumdalar. Ancak t\u0131pk\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi\u2019nin do\u011fu\u015funda oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki a\u015famalar\u0131n s\u00fcrelerine ili\u015fkin de kesin bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":36954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[5326,795,5325,1091,3453,595],"class_list":["post-36953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-denge","tag-gunes","tag-kedi-gozu","tag-kutle","tag-sicaklik","tag-yasam"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t