{"id":37075,"date":"2019-09-27T03:20:16","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T00:20:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=37075"},"modified":"2019-09-26T20:42:23","modified_gmt":"2019-09-26T17:42:23","slug":"gen-kayiplari-memelilerin-suda-yasayabilmelerinde-etkili-oldu-mu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/09\/27\/gen-kayiplari-memelilerin-suda-yasayabilmelerinde-etkili-oldu-mu","title":{"rendered":"Gen kay\u0131plar\u0131, memelilerin suda ya\u015fayabilmelerinde etkili oldu mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Biliminsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, balinalar\u0131n ve yunuslar\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 DNA\u2019lar\u0131 di\u011fer memelilerin DNA\u2019lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve suda ya\u015fayan bu memelilerde 236 genin eksik oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kay\u0131p genlerin 85\u2019inin bu t\u00fcrlerle yak\u0131n akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan su ayg\u0131r\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu raporland\u0131. Bu durum, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce, karadan suya ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 genlerin kayboldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesi olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>25 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc Science Advances sitesinde yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re suda ya\u015fayan memeliler, kan bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ve kan\u0131n p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genler yoluyla dalmaya adapte olmu\u015f olabilir. Ancak dibe dal\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kma, oksijen al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkiledi ve bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n genomu bu durumdan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re bu canl\u0131lar\u0131n genomunda bulunmayan genlerden biri bu yolla genomdan silinmi\u015f olabilir. Bu genin silinmesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli yolaklarda hata yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olan bir enzimin \u00fcretilmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve bu yolla suda ya\u015fayan memelilerin atalar\u0131na bir avantaj sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Max Planck Molek\u00fcler H\u00fccre Biyolojisi ve Genetik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde evrimsel genetik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten Michael Hiller, \u201cBu canl\u0131lar\u0131n bu proteinin \u00fcretimini sa\u011flayan geni kaybederek kendi DNA\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131nda kaliteyi artt\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_37076\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-37076\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-37076 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/suda-ya\u015fam-1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/suda-ya\u015fam-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/suda-ya\u015fam-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/suda-ya\u015fam-1-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/suda-ya\u015fam-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-37076\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gen kay\u0131plar\u0131, suda ya\u015fam\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck \u00fcretimini d\u00fczenleyen SLC4A9 geni, bu gen de kaybedilen genler aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. Bu duruma dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunan Hiller, \u201cBu canl\u0131lar suda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in yiyecekleri par\u00e7alamak ve sindirimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fc\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duymazlar. B\u00f6ylece bu gen i\u015flevini yitirir. Daha az t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fck \u00fcretmek, hayvanlar\u0131n v\u00fccutlar\u0131nda bulunan tatl\u0131 suyun v\u00fccutta tutulmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu durum, bu canl\u0131lar tuzlu suda ya\u015farken sorun yaratabilir\u201d dedi. Hiller ve ekibi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, suda ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar melatonin hormonunu \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in gereken enzimleri de kullanm\u0131yor. Bu hormon, uykuyu tetikleyen bir enzim olarak biliniyor. Bu hormonu \u00fcretecek enzimlerin sentezlenmemesi, suda ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar\u0131n hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in avantaj olu\u015fturacak bir noktada duruyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten biliminsanlar\u0131, suda ya\u015fayan memelilerin, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zellikleri genomlar\u0131ndan silinen genler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar konuya ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n s\u00fcrece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/losing-genes-may-have-helped-whale-ancestors-adapt-life-underwater<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biliminsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, balinalar\u0131n ve yunuslar\u0131n sahip olduklar\u0131 DNA\u2019lar\u0131 di\u011fer memelilerin DNA\u2019lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve suda ya\u015fayan bu memelilerde 236 genin eksik oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kay\u0131p genlerin 85\u2019inin bu t\u00fcrlerle yak\u0131n akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan su ayg\u0131r\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu raporland\u0131. Bu durum, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce, karadan suya ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda baz\u0131 genlerin kayboldu\u011funun g\u00f6stergesi olabilir. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":37077,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[272,5345,431,1633,5344,5343],"class_list":["post-37075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-dna","tag-enzim","tag-gen","tag-hormon","tag-memeli","tag-suda-yasam"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37075"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37075\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37077"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}