{"id":37242,"date":"2019-10-01T00:00:13","date_gmt":"2019-09-30T21:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=37242"},"modified":"2019-09-29T23:10:09","modified_gmt":"2019-09-29T20:10:09","slug":"manzaralar-umudu-durten-denemeler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/10\/01\/manzaralar-umudu-durten-denemeler","title":{"rendered":"Manzaralar: Umudu d\u00fcrten denemeler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131 yazmay\u0131 her zaman devrimci bir eylem olarak g\u00f6ren John Berger\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015fekillendiren bireylerden, yolda\u015flardan, sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan, k\u00f6ylerden, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerden, i\u015f\u00e7ilerden, sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan, mek\u00e2nlardan s\u00f6z etti\u011fi yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya getirildi\u011fi kitap Manzaralar<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Frederick Antal\u2019\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 denemesinde onun iyimserli\u011finden bahseder. Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla g\u00f6rebilmesine ra\u011fmen anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve umutsuzlu\u011fun kol gezdi\u011fi, herkesin \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca kendini kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7a\u011fda, onun entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan hep sakin kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n

Max Rapael\u2019i tan\u0131mlarken \u015fu c\u00fcmleleri kurar: \u201cKimileri kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyden nefret etti\u011fi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eder, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 enine boyuna tartm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fkalar\u0131ysa varl\u0131klar\u0131na anlam vermek arzusuyla. \u0130kincilerin m\u00fccadelesi daha sebatk\u00e2rd\u0131r. Max Raphael, ikinci t\u00fcr\u00fcn se\u00e7kin bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.\u201d Sanat\u0131n alternatif bir ger\u00e7eklik \u00f6nerme yetisinin art\u0131k bir nesneyi -iyi k\u00f6t\u00fc- tasarlama yetisine indirgendi\u011fi bir \u00e7a\u011fda \u201c\u0130dealle ger\u00e7ek aras\u0131ndaki ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz u\u00e7urum ne kadar derin olursa halihaz\u0131rdaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n neden b\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu, bu hale nas\u0131l geldi\u011fi sorular\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d Raphael\u2019in a\u011fz\u0131ndan anlat\u0131r. \u201cYarat\u0131c\u0131 zihin, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi kat\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen nesneleri eritir ve \u015fu an i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz d\u00fcnyay\u0131 olu\u015fum ve yarat\u0131m s\u00fcrecindeki bir d\u00fcnyaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d diyen Raphael\u2019in bu c\u00fcmlesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde sonunda gelecekte yarat\u0131lacak olanlar\u0131n devrimci anlam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterece\u011fini iddia eder.<\/p>\n

\u201cAntikac\u0131yla devrimcinin iki ortak noktas\u0131 olabilir; bug\u00fcn\u00fc bir veri olarak kabul etmemeleri ve tarihin onlara bir g\u00f6rev vermi\u015f oldu\u011funun fark\u0131nda olmalar\u0131\u201d der Walter Benjamin\u2019i anlat\u0131rken ve ekler: \u201cTavr\u0131, tarihsel zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fmez bir nesne bulmaya gereksinim duyan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn tavr\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gabriel Garcia Marquez\u2019in hik\u00e2yelerinin \u00f6nemine de\u011finir: \u201cHayat ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131 her zaman basitle\u015ftirme e\u011filimi ta\u015f\u0131r; belli bir t\u00fcr hik\u00e2yenin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, i\u015fte bu basitle\u015ftirmenin oport\u00fcnizmiyle rekabet edebilmektir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rosa Luxemburg\u2019a \u015f\u00f6yle seslenir: \u201cKitleler\u201d yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131n 1900\u2019de, \u201casl\u0131nda kendi liderleridir, diyalektik olarak kendi geli\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini yarat\u0131rlar\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Romantiklerin ikilemini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer: \u201cAra\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 maceraperestlik ile hastal\u0131kl\u0131 bir rahat\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck. Saf romantikler i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en romantik olmayan iki \u015feyinden ilki, hayat\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi kabullenmek; ikincisi de onu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015farmakt\u0131r.\u201d Bu ikilem g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ayd\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011funun da ikilemi de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n

John Berger\u2019in k\u00fcbistlerden, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerden, sanat tarihinden bahseden denemelerinde sorgulay\u0131c\u0131, yenilik\u00e7i, s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir bak\u0131\u015f\u0131s\u0131 var ama en \u00e7ok da umut\u2026 \u201cBeyaz Ku\u015f\u201d adl\u0131 denemesinde \u201cumut ilkesi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine konu\u015fmadan estetik hakk\u0131nda konu\u015famazs\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyerek bunu bir kez daha vurgular.<\/p>\n

\u201cSanat do\u011faya \u00f6yk\u00fcnmez, yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015fa \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcr – k\u00e2h ba\u015fka bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00f6nermek i\u00e7in k\u00e2h do\u011fan\u0131n sundu\u011fu o k\u0131sac\u0131k vaat an\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmek, onaylamak, toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in. Sanat, do\u011fan\u0131n ancak zaman zaman g\u00f6z ucuyla bize g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fey kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda verilmi\u015f bir tepkidir. Sanat, potansiyel olumlamay\u0131 hi\u00e7 bitmeyen bir olumlamaya \u00e7evirmeyi ama\u00e7lar\u201d ona g\u00f6re.<\/p>\n

Ve saf tutar Berger, Filistinlileri ve onlar\u0131n direni\u015flerini anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTa\u015flar\u201d adl\u0131 denemesinde. \u201cBen fethedilmi\u015flerin de\u011fil, galiplerin korktu\u011fu ma\u011fluplar\u0131n aras\u0131nday\u0131m. Galiplerin devri her zaman k\u0131sad\u0131r, ma\u011fluplar\u0131n ise anlat\u0131lamayacak kadar uzun.\u201d der. \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcmle sonlanan hikayelerini dinlemek yoksullu\u011fun nas\u0131l bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Yoksulluk, neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z, en g\u00fc\u00e7 kararlar\u0131 almaya zorlar insan\u0131. Yoksulluk, bu neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z\u0131 ya\u015famakt\u0131r\u201d Berger i\u00e7in. Neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015fan yoksul Filistin halk\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka denemesinde \u201c\u00d6fkeni hissettim, daha do\u011frusu \u00f6fkeli bir taham\u00fclle birle\u015fmi\u015f bir sonraki \u00fcmidimizin h\u0131zl\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 duydum.\u201d derken umut t\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r \u00f6fkenin i\u00e7ine. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6fkeden \u00e7ok, y\u0131k\u0131p yeniden yapmay\u0131 arzulayan yap\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6fkedir bahsetti\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Yeniden hayal etmeye, farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde g\u00f6rmeye bir davet Berger\u2019in Manzaralar<\/em> kitab\u0131. G\u00fczel kitaplar\u0131 bitirmek bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00f6l\u00fcmd\u00fcr benim i\u00e7in. Kitap biter, g\u00f6zlerinizi \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131za son kez kapat\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve hayat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fczge\u00e7ten ge\u00e7irirsiniz. G\u00f6zlerinizi yeni bir hayata, daha olgun, daha bilin\u00e7li bir hayata a\u00e7ars\u0131n\u0131z. Bu da bir di\u011fer y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr g\u00fczel kitaplar\u0131 bitirmenin: Yeniden do\u011fars\u0131n\u0131z, yeni bir umutla\u2026<\/p>\n

John Berger, i\u015fte bu umudu d\u00fcrt\u00fcyor Manzaralar\u2019<\/em>da.<\/p>\n

Manzaralar: Sanat \u00dczerine Yaz\u0131lar, John Berger, \u00c7ev. Beril Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu, \u00d6zlem Dalk\u0131ran, O\u011fuz Tecimen, Metis Kitap, 2019, 264 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131 yazmay\u0131 her zaman devrimci bir eylem olarak g\u00f6ren John Berger\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015fekillendiren bireylerden, yolda\u015flardan, sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan, k\u00f6ylerden, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerden, i\u015f\u00e7ilerden, sanat\u00e7\u0131lardan, mek\u00e2nlardan s\u00f6z etti\u011fi yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya getirildi\u011fi kitap Manzaralar. Frederick Antal\u2019\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 denemesinde onun iyimserli\u011finden bahseder. Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcm boyutlar\u0131yla g\u00f6rebilmesine ra\u011fmen anlams\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve umutsuzlu\u011fun kol gezdi\u011fi, herkesin \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca kendini kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":513,"featured_media":37243,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5349,38,513,510,511],"tags":[5368,4879],"class_list":["post-37242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-188-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-john-berger","tag-manzaralar"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t