6 my\u00f6:<\/strong> \u0130ki bacak \u00fczerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steren en eski kan\u0131tlar bu d\u00f6nemden geliyor. \u0130lk insan t\u00fcrlerinden Sahelanthropus ve Orrorin tugenensis, k\u0131sa bacaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde dik olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Dik bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fcmek bu t\u00fcrlerin farkl\u0131 habitatlarda (ormanlar ve \u00e7ay\u0131rlarda) ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesine olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130lk insan t\u00fcrlerinin v\u00fccut yap\u0131lar\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fc ve genellikle de uzun kollara ve k\u0131sa bacaklara sahiptiler. Bitkiye dayanan besin diyetleri geni\u015f bir sindirim sistemi gerektiriyordu. Geni\u015f bir kaburga kafesi i\u00e7erisinde bulunan mide, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar ve di\u011fer organlar besini par\u00e7alamaya yarar.<\/p>\n 6-3 my\u00f6:<\/strong> \u0130lk insan t\u00fcrleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck v\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131na ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sindirim sistemine sahipti.<\/p>\n 6-2 my\u00f6:<\/strong> Bu d\u00f6nem boyunca ilk insanlar dik olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ve basit el aletleri yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Beyin hacminde yava\u015f da olsa art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlemlendi.<\/p>\n 4 my\u00f6:<\/strong> Bu d\u00f6nemdeki ilk insan t\u00fcrleri (Australopithecus anamensis) \u00e7o\u011funlukla s\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k ya da a\u00e7\u0131k alanlarda ya\u015fad\u0131. Bulunan \u00f6rneklerin v\u00fccut yap\u0131lar\u0131, t\u00fcr\u00fcn zaman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu iki aya\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7irdi\u011fini, ancak a\u011fa\u00e7lara da t\u0131rmanabildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n 3,5-3 my\u00f6:<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 Australopithecus t\u00fcrleri Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneylerinden Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika\u2019ya do\u011fru yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 2,6 my\u00f6:<\/strong> Teknolojinin do\u011fu\u015fu. Yap\u0131lan ilk aletler \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f basit ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7eki\u00e7 ta\u015flar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak ta\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131 keskinle\u015ftirildi. \u0130lk insanlar devam eden 2 milyon y\u0131l boyunca yapt\u0131klar\u0131 basit aletleri birer b\u0131\u00e7ak, \u00e7eki\u00e7 ya da tokmak gibi kulland\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck hayvanlar\u0131n etlerini bu aletler yard\u0131m\u0131yla ufak par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rarak yenebilir duruma getiriyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n 2,6-1,8 my\u00f6:<\/strong> Sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131n geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131. Baz\u0131 ilk insan gruplar\u0131 farkl\u0131 yerlerden basit ara\u00e7-gere\u00e7ler ve besini toplamaya ve s\u0131kl\u0131kla tercih ettikleri uyuma ve yemek yeme noktalar\u0131na getirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan kaynaklar\u0131n di\u011fer grup \u00fcyeleri ile payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bireyler aras\u0131nda daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ba\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7 olarak da grubun devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 2 milyon-800.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Bu d\u00f6nemde ilk insanlar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yerlerine yay\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun sonucunda da v\u00fccut boyutlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fla beraber beyin hacimlerinde de art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n 1,9 my\u00f6:<\/strong> T\u00fcm\u00fcyle iki ayak \u00fczerinde. Homo erectus\u2019un le\u011fenkemi\u011fi ve uylukkemi\u011fi modern insan\u0131nkine benzemektedir. Bu da bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn uzun mesafeleri y\u00fcr\u00fcyebildi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Bu d\u00f6nemde bu \u00f6zellik olduk\u00e7a avantajl\u0131yd\u0131. Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evresel \u00f6zellikleri olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fkendi. Nemli ya da kuru zamanlar aras\u0131nda dalgalanmalar \u00e7ok ya\u015fan\u0131yordu ve a\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelere uyum sa\u011flayan ilk insan t\u00fcrleri daha dar v\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Bu yolla v\u00fccudun daha serin kalmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Uzun bacaklar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi daha uzun mesafelere gidilebilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Et gibi daha h\u0131zl\u0131 sindirilebilen besinlerin yenilmesiyle sindirim sistemi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu yolla da daha uzun v\u00fccut ve geni\u015f beyin i\u00e7in gerekli enerji de sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n 1,8-1,5 my\u00f6:<\/strong>\u0130lk insanlar kemi\u011fe \u015fekil vererek basit aletler yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin protein bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olan termitlerin yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 kazmak i\u00e7in sivriltilmi\u015f kemikler kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n 1,78 my\u00f6<\/strong>:<\/strong>\u0130lk insanlar Afrika\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelere de yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1,7 my\u00f6 Do\u011fu Asya\u2019ya, 1,66 my\u00f6 de Kuzeydo\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 1,6 my\u00f6:<\/strong>El baltalar\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u015flara \u015fekil verilerek ilk baltalar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u00c7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131labilen ta\u015f baltalar devam eden 1,5 milyon y\u0131l boyunca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7ok yerinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 1,3 my\u00f6:<\/strong> Homo cinsi Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 800.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Ate\u015f. Ate\u015fin kontrol edilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131 ile insanlar i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok yarar elde edildi. Besinler pi\u015firilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Ate\u015f \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fturulan kamp b\u00f6lgelerinde bir araya gelen bireyler aras\u0131nda sosyalle\u015fme h\u0131zland\u0131. Daha rahat ve s\u0131cak bir ortamla birlikte avc\u0131 hayvanlara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir ortam da olu\u015fturulmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n 800.000-200.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Beyin hacminde h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f. \u0130nsan beyin hacminin en h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131, iklimin s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi zamanlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Daha geni\u015f ve karma\u015f\u0131k beyin yap\u0131s\u0131, bu zaman boyunca, ilk insanlar\u0131n birbirleriyle daha yeni ve farkl\u0131 yollarla etkile\u015fime girmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 tahmin edilemez oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, geni\u015f beyin yap\u0131s\u0131 ilk insanlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 500.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Kemikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131zraklar kullan\u0131larak b\u00fcy\u00fck hayvanlar avlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n 500.000-160.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> \u0130lk insanlar daha geni\u015f beyinler geli\u015ftirmi\u015fti bile. Yeni do\u011fan bebeklerin beyinleri daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fc ve b\u00f6ylece do\u011fum kanal\u0131ndan daha kolay ge\u00e7iyorlard\u0131. Uzun \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde beyin b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam ediyordu. Ergenlik d\u00f6neminde de gen\u00e7ler yeti\u015fkinlikle beraber gelecek zorluklara haz\u0131rlanmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n 400.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> A\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131zraklar ile tehlikeli hayvanlara g\u00fcvenli bir mesafede durarak yakla\u015f\u0131labiliyordu. So\u011fuk iklimlere yay\u0131lan t\u00fcrlerin v\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131 da k\u0131sald\u0131 ve geni\u015fledi. Bu yolla da v\u00fccuttaki \u0131s\u0131 korunmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n \u0130lk bar\u0131naklar:<\/strong> Bu d\u00f6nemde ilk bar\u0131naklar olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ate\u015fin \u00e7evresinde bir araya geldikleri b\u00f6lgelerde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 baz\u0131 bar\u0131naklar\u0131n boyu 15 metreye kadar ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 250.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce<\/strong>:<\/strong> Semboller yoluyla haberle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 200.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Homo sapiens. Modern insanlar Afrika\u2019da, iklimde meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck dalgalanmalar zaman\u0131nda evrimle\u015fti. Modern insanlar da ilk insanlar gibi besini toplad\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda avc\u0131l\u0131k da yapt\u0131. \u00c7evreden gelen g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerini sa\u011flayan davran\u0131\u015flar geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n \u0130lk modern insanlar d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde en az \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 ilk insan t\u00fcr\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015fad\u0131. Zaman i\u00e7erisinde, modern insanlar d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde yay\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr ortadan kalkt\u0131. \u0130nsan aile a\u011fac\u0131ndan geriye bir tek bizim t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n 160.000-135.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Afrika\u2019da ya\u015fayan d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 grubu g\u00fcneye \u00dcmit Burnu\u2019na, G\u00fcney Bat\u0131\u2019ya Kongo Havzas\u0131\u2019na ve bat\u0131da Fildi\u015fi Sahili\u2019ne do\u011fru ilerledi.<\/p>\n 125.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Bir grup kuzeye y\u00f6nelip Sahara\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek Nil ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu grup 90.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yok oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen k\u00fcresel so\u011fuma sonucu bu b\u00f6lge ve Kuzey Afrika ya\u015fanmayacak bir \u00e7\u00f6l haline gelmi\u015fti. Bu b\u00f6lgeye daha sonra Neandertaller yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n 100.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Ku\u015f gibi h\u0131zl\u0131 ya da mamut gibi tehlikeli hayvanlar\u0131 avlamak i\u00e7in m\u0131zraklar geli\u015ftirildi. Bu d\u00f6nemde insanlar \u00f6len yak\u0131nlar\u0131 i\u00e7in mezarlar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 90.000-70.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> \u00c7engel g\u00f6revi g\u00f6ren basit aletlerle bal\u0131k avlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, tarih\u00f6ncesi kedibal\u0131\u011f\u0131 60-70 kg aras\u0131 geliyordu ve bu bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n avlanmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir besin kayna\u011f\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n 85.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Bir grup K\u0131z\u0131l Deniz\u2019in a\u011fz\u0131ndan (Gates of Grief) ge\u00e7erek Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca ilerleyerek Hindistan\u2019a do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Afrika d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm insanlar, bu koldan gelen insanlardan t\u00fcrediler.<\/p>\n 85.000-75.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Asya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan ilerleyerek Sri Lanka\u2019dan bir zamanlar Asya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Bat\u0131 Endonezya\u2019ya ge\u00e7tiler. Buradan Borneo\u2019ya ve G\u00fcney \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011fru devam ettiler.<\/p>\n 74.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Yok olman\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda! Toba Da\u011f\u0131 volkanik s\u00fcper patlamas\u0131 sonucu alt\u0131 y\u0131l s\u00fcren n\u00fckleer k\u0131\u015f ve devam eden biny\u0131l boyunca da buz devri ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu zaman sonunda insan n\u00fcfusu 10.000\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Patlama nedeniyle Hindistan ve Pakistan 5 m k\u00fcl alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Devam eden 10.000 y\u0131l boyunca pop\u00fclasyonda art\u0131\u015f devam etti. Avustralya ve Yeni Gine\u2019ye kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 70.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Homo erectus t\u00fcr\u00fc yok oldu.<\/p>\n 60.000-40.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Kal\u0131c\u0131 resimler \u00fcrettiler.<\/p>\n 52.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> \u0130klimin h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte, kuzeyde Bereketli Hilal ve Do\u011fu Akdeniz\u2019e do\u011fru yerle\u015fim ba\u015flad\u0131. 52.000-45.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce g\u00f6r\u00fclen mini buz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Bulgaristan\u2019a ve oradan da Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lma devam ettiler. Modern insanlar daha hafif v\u00fccut yap\u0131s\u0131na evrimle\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Avustralya\u2019ya da ula\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 45.000-40.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Do\u011fu Asya k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki gruplar Kuzey Asya \u00fczerinden Orta Asya steplerine do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131. Pakistan\u2019dan Orta Asya\u2019ya, Hindi \u00c7in\u2019den Tibet yoluyla Qing Hai Platosu\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Boyama ve basit heykel yap\u0131m\u0131 geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 40.000-25.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Orta Asyal\u0131 gruplar bat\u0131da Do\u011fu Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru, kuzeyde Arktik \u00e7embere do\u011fru yay\u0131larak Do\u011fu Asya\u2019dan gelenlerle birlikte Kuzeydo\u011fu Avrasya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 35.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> \u0130lk basit m\u00fczik aletleri geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n 30.000-24.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Daha s\u0131k\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f giyecekler geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n 28.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Neandertallerin (Homo neanderthalensis) soyu t\u00fckendi.<\/p>\n 25.000-22.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Yerli Amerikanlar\u0131n atalar\u0131 Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7erek Alaska\u2019ya ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 26.000-17.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> 26.000 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce, bitki liflerini kullanarak \u015feritler ve sepetler yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 18.000 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce de, Japonya\u2019da, \u00e7\u00f6mlek yap\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131, Kuzey Amerika\u2019daki gruplar G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019ya kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 17.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Homo floresiensis\u2019in soyu t\u00fckendi. B\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki tek insan t\u00fcr\u00fc Homo sapiens kalm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n 12.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> D\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131. \u0130nsanlar sonunda baz\u0131 bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctebileceklerini ve \u00e7iftle\u015ftirebileceklerini fark etti. Bunun sonucunda tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015ferek D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinin \u015fekillenmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. 11.200 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de incir yeti\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n 11.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce: <\/strong>\u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de Erika \u015eehri b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 10.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Bitki ve hayvan evcille\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 10.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019da inek evcille\u015ftirilirken, Amerika\u2019da kabak \u00fcretildi.<\/p>\n 9500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Ortado-\u011fu\u2019da ve Anadolu\u2019da bu\u011fday ekilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck bir \u015fehir olarak geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 9000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Koyun Ortado\u011fu ve Anadolu\u2019da yeti\u015ftirilmeye, pirin\u00e7 \u00c7in\u2019de, m\u0131s\u0131r Kuzey Amerika\u2019da \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n 8000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce<\/strong>:<\/strong> Kelime ve kavramlar\u0131 anlatmak i\u00e7in semboller kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda yaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 bunu takip eden birka\u00e7 bin y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde geli\u015fti. Tavuk G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da evcille\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n 7000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> Patates G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da, muz ise G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da ekilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n 5600 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> At Avrasya\u2019da evcille\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n 3400-2700 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> 3500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Hattu\u015fa, 3400 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Atina, 3100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ise Xi\u2019an (\u00c7in), 2600 y\u0131l \u00f6nce de Roma \u015fehir olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce:<\/strong> \u0130nsan pop\u00fclasyonu 200 milyona ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ay, \u00c7in\u2019de ekilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n 1959-1999:<\/strong> Sadece 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde insan n\u00fcfusu iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak 3 milyardan 6 milyara ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 1995:<\/strong> D\u00fcnya karasal alan\u0131n\u0131n en az y\u00fczde 83\u2019\u00fc, insanlar\u0131n do\u011frudan etkisi alt\u0131nda.<\/p>\n 2012:<\/strong> Tahmin edilen insan n\u00fcfusu 7 milyar.<\/p>\n Kaynak: <\/strong>Deniz \u015eahin, 50 Soruda Ya\u015fam\u0131n Tarihi, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ekim 2011, 2. Bask\u0131, S.202-209<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u015eimdi, insan\u0131n 6-7 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k hik\u00e2yesinin ana k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z. Yeterli zaman verildi\u011finde fiziksel ve davran\u0131\u015fsal olarak nas\u0131l evrildi\u011fimizi, d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, teknolojiyi geli\u015ftirerek di\u011fer t\u00fcrlere nas\u0131l h\u00e2kimiyet kurdu\u011fumuzu bu k\u0131s\u0131mda daha iyi anlayabiliriz. 7-6 my\u00f6: Son ortak atadan \u015fempanze ve insan\u0131n ayr\u0131lmas\u0131. Fosil ve genetik kan\u0131tlar, insan ile \u015fempanzenin son ortak atas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 6-7 my\u00f6 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":37337,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[5382,200,816,451,497,555,554],"class_list":["post-37336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-asama","tag-evrim","tag-fosil","tag-hattusa","tag-homo-sapiens","tag-insan","tag-sempanze"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2-2-300x258.jpg\")
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