{"id":38328,"date":"2019-11-17T03:41:20","date_gmt":"2019-11-17T00:41:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=38328"},"modified":"2019-11-15T13:45:46","modified_gmt":"2019-11-15T10:45:46","slug":"bilimin-onculeriernest-rutherford-1871-1937","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/11\/17\/bilimin-onculeriernest-rutherford-1871-1937","title":{"rendered":"Bilimin \u00d6nc\u00fcleri:Ernest Rutherford (1871 -1937)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bilimde yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimsel at\u0131l\u0131mlar genellikle \u201cPlanck\u201d ve \u201cEinstein\u201d\u0131n adlar\u0131yla bilinir. Oysa onlar\u0131n kuramsal at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Marie Curie ve Ernest Rutherford\u2019un radyoaktivite \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gelir. Rutherford, d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle bir bilim adam\u0131ndan \u00e7ok bir \u201c\u00e7iftlik k\u00e2hyas\u0131\u201d ya da bir \u201ca\u015firet reisi\u201dni and\u0131rmaktayd\u0131. Esmer, irik\u0131y\u0131m yap\u0131s\u0131, g\u00fcr sesi ve pos b\u0131y\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yaban\u0131l ve \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc; her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle heybetli bir ki\u015fiydi. Laboratuvar\u0131nda bir \u015fey tersine gitmesin; k\u00fckreyen sesi ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sarsar, asistanlar suspus olurlard\u0131. Oysa bu k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k gelip ge\u00e7iciydi; onun hi\u00e7bir yapmac\u0131\u011fa ka\u00e7mayan anl\u0131k sert davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde s\u0131cak, sevecen yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 sakl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ernest, Yeni Zelanda\u2019da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7iftlikte d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130sko\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7meni olan babas\u0131, araba tamircisiydi. Ernest, yoksul ve kalabal\u0131k bir ailenin i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Ne var ki, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta sergiledi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6\u011frenme merak\u0131 ona \u00e7evredeki en iyi okullar\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6zellikle \u00fcniversitedeki parlak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131yla dikkatleri \u00e7ekti ve kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 burs, bilim ate\u015fiyle yanan delikanl\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu. 1894\u2019de, Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi \u00fcnl\u00fc fizik bilgini J. J. Thomson\u2019un (1856 – 1940) yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye geldi.<\/p>\n

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Rutherford\u2019un radyoaktiviteye ili\u015fkin ilk \u00f6nemli bulu\u015fu, \u201calfa\u201d ve \u201cbeta\u201d dedi\u011fi iki de\u011fi\u015fik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesiydi. Ayr\u0131ca, asistan\u0131 Soddy ile birlikte bir elementin bir ba\u015fka elemente d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde radyoaktivitenin rol\u00fcn\u00fc, deneysel olarak kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dcniversiteye ba\u011fl\u0131 Cavendish Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019ndaki ilk y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 radyo dalgalar\u0131, ikinci y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 yeni ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f olan X-\u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fcze\u00adrindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ge\u00e7irdi. Sonra, ya\u015fam boyu u\u011fra\u015f konusu olan radyoaktivite \u00fczerindeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na koyuldu. Ad\u0131 k\u0131sa zamanda bilim \u00e7evrelerinde duyulan Rutherford\u2019u 1898\u2019de, Ka\u00adnada\u2019da McGill \u00dcniversitesi, fizik profes\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Gen\u00e7 bilim adam\u0131 beklenmedik bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir ikilem i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc: Bir yanda eri\u015filmesi g\u00fc\u00e7, sayg\u0131n bir unvan, \u00f6te yanda ara\u015ft\u0131rma ortam\u0131 olarak bulunmaz nimet sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cavendish La\u00adboratuvar\u0131. Rutherford 27 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bursu ile ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye ald\u0131rtamamas\u0131 bir yana, kendi yolculu\u011fu nedeniyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 borcu bile \u00f6deyemiyordu. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6neri ona bu olanaklar\u0131 da sa\u011flayacakt\u0131. Rutherford, sonunda ister istemez \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 kabul etti. Karar isabetliydi: McGill\u2019de ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde hem radyoaktif atomlar\u0131n kendili\u011finden de\u011fi\u015fik nitelikte atom\u00adlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispatlayarak Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kazand\u0131; hem de atomun yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak aranan a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 getiren \u00e7ekirdek bulu\u015funu ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n

Birbirini izleyen ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131na de\u011finen bir meslekta\u015f\u0131, \u201cSen ger\u00ad\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok \u015fansl\u0131 birisin: Hep dalgan\u0131n tepesinde seyrediyorsun\u201d diye tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Rutherford\u2019un yan\u0131t\u0131 k\u0131sa ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur: \u201cUnutma, o dalgay\u0131 ben kendim yaratt\u0131m.\u201d Al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck bir yana, Rutherford \u00e7o\u011fu kez insanlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmserdi. Ona g\u00f6re, bi\u00adlim ya fizikti, ya da pul koleksiyonculu\u011fu. Ama Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc fizikten de\u011fil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsedi\u011fi kimyadan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131nca, elementler gibi kendisinin de transmutasyona u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yle\u00adyerek, i\u015fi \u015fakayla ge\u00e7i\u015ftirirdi.<\/p>\n

1887\u2019de J. J. Thomson\u2019un elektronu ke\u015ffetmesiyle, bilim d\u00fcn\u00adyas\u0131 yeni bir problemle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Negatif elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc elektronlar, hidrojen atom k\u00fctlesinin iki binde biri ka\u00addard\u0131; oysa hidrojen, en basit madde t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak biliniyordu. \u00dcstelik Thomson, hangi elemente ait olursa olsun, atomlar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00adde\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131klar sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeydi. Bu da elektronlar\u0131n, s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. Yan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 gereken soru \u015fuydu: Atomlar eskiden san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi basit, b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez birimler de\u011filse, atomun yap\u0131sal \u00f6zelli\u011fi ne olabilirdi? Thomson, atomun, i\u00e7inde elektron ta\u015f\u0131yan pozitif e\u00adlektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc top bi\u00e7iminde bir madde oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, atom basit de\u011fildi; ama kat\u0131, yo\u011fun bir madde olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir \u015fey de de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Rutherford\u2019un radyoaktiviteye ili\u015fkin ilk \u00f6nemli bulu\u015fu, \u201cal\u00adfa\u201d ve \u201cbeta\u201d dedi\u011fi iki de\u011fi\u015fik \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesiydi. Ay\u00adr\u0131ca, asistan\u0131 Soddy ile birlikte bir elementin bir ba\u015fka elemente d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcnde radyoaktivitenin rol\u00fcn\u00fc, deneysel olarak kan\u0131t\u00adlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1907\u2019de McGill\u2019den Manchester \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ge\u00e7ti\u011fi zaman ilk ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 problem atomun yap\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, beta par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131ndan sekiz bin kat daha yo\u011fun olan alfa par\u00e7a\u00adc\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fe yarayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Hans Geiger (1882 – 1945) ve Ernest Marsden (1889 – 1970) adl\u0131 iki asistan\u0131n\u0131, alfa par\u00e7a\u00ad c\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ince bir alt\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman nas\u0131l da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131k\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131 incelemekle g\u00f6revlendirdi. Al\u0131nan sonu\u00e7 beklentiye hi\u00e7 de uygun de\u011fildi. Par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla alt\u0131n yapraktan do\u011frudan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015fti. Sanki alt\u0131n yapra\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015fi engelleyen hi\u00e7bir atom yoktu! Ama g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7mamas\u0131 gereken durum, yapra\u011fa \u00e7arpan alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 20.000\u2019de birinin geri sapmas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu ne demekti?<\/p>\n

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Rutherford, kuramc\u0131 bir bilim adam\u0131 de\u011fildi: Ona g\u00f6re, her problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Uzun bir bocalamadan sonra Rutherford bu g\u00f6zlemin, atomun yap\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin ipucu verdi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc: Atomun k\u00fctlesi neredey\u00adse t\u00fcm\u00fcyle, kapsam\u0131nda son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yer tutan pozitif elektrik y\u00fckl\u00fc bir \u00e7ekirdekte toplanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7ekirde\u011fin \u00e7evresinde h\u0131zla d\u00f6nen elektronlar ise pozitif y\u00fck\u00fc dengeleyen negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7ac\u0131klard\u0131. K\u0131sacas\u0131 atom G\u00fcne\u015f sistemine benzer bir d\u00fczen sergilemekteydi. Alan\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bo\u015f bir atom g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n neden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla, hi\u00e7bir engelle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmam\u0131\u015f gibi alt\u0131n yapraktan ge\u00e7tikleri a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Mikroskopla g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen nesnelerden bile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan atom\u00addan daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan \u00e7ekirdek ve elektron gibi par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 hayalde canland\u0131rmak kolay de\u011fildir. Rutherford\u2019un modelini \u00e7izdi\u011fi atomu bir futbol stadyumu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, \u00e7evresinde birka\u00e7 sine\u011fin d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ekirdek, bu alanda bir golf topu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rutherford, kuramc\u0131 bir bilim adam\u0131 de\u011fildi: Ona g\u00f6re, her problemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc deney sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 tutulmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, ortaya koydu\u011fu atom modelinin kuramsal a\u00e7\u0131klama gerekti\u00adren \u00f6nemli bir sonucuna duyars\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcstelik atom mode\u00adline ili\u015fkin deneysel kan\u0131tlar\u0131, yerle\u015fik fizik yasalar\u0131yla da tam ba\u011fda\u015f\u0131r de\u011fildi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc elektronlar belirtildi\u011fi gibi ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ekirdek \u00e7evresinde h\u0131zla d\u00f6n\u00fcyorlarsa, bunlar\u0131n da devinen di\u011fer elektrik y\u00fckleri gibi, radyasyon olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 gerekirdi. Bir elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn, antende yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hareket ettirildi\u011finde radyasyon \u00fcretmesi buna bir \u00f6rnektir. \u00c7ekirdek \u00e7evresinde d\u00f6nen elektron, ger\u00e7ekten radyasyon \u00e7\u0131karsayd\u0131, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden yava\u015flay\u0131p \u00e7ekirde\u011fe kapanmas\u0131 ve atomun t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7\u00f6kmesi beklenirdi. (Soruna kuramsal a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 ortaya ko\u00ad yan ki\u015fi, daha sonra Rutherford\u2019un se\u00e7kin \u00f6\u011frencisi olan Niels Bohr\u2019dur.)<\/p>\n

Rutherford 1908\u2019de Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc, 1914\u2019de \u201cLord\u201d unva\u00adn\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. 1919\u2019da Cavendish Laboratuvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Ca\u00advendish onun y\u00f6netiminde \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fta gelen deneysel fizik merkezi oldu. Burada giri\u015fti\u011fi ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan biri, yine alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bir elementin ba\u015fka bir elemente yapay d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek oldu. Deneyde, alfa par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, nitrojen atomlar\u0131 gibi daha hafif atom \u00e7e\u00adkirdeklerine \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda, geriye sapmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7ekirdekle kayna\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve nitrojen atomunun oksijen atomuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ba\u015fka bir par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sapta\u00adyan Rutherford, \u00e7ekirde\u011fin temel ta\u015f\u0131 sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 pozitif y\u00fckl\u00fc bir par\u00e7aya \u201cproton\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n

K\u00fctlesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan di\u011ferlerine benzeyen, ama elektrik y\u00fck\u00fc olmayan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir par\u00e7ac\u0131k daha s\u00f6z konusuydu. [\u201cN\u00f6tron\u201d denen bu par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rutherford\u2019un asistan\u0131 James Chadwick (1891 – 1974) 1932\u2019de bulur.] Bu, bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya bol pa\u00adran\u0131n hen\u00fcz akmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdi. Cavendish\u2019te bile deneyler, \u201cderme \u00e7atma\u201d denebilecek basit ara\u00e7larla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Rutherford\u2019u ziyarete giden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bilim yazar\u0131 Ritchie Cal\u00adder (1906 – 1982), g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cKonu\u015fmam\u0131z s\u00fcrerken bir ara, \u2018\u0130\u015flerin nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmek ister misi\u00adniz?\u2019 diyerek kolumdan tuttu, beni laboratuvar\u0131n y\u00fcksek voltaj b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Karanl\u0131k denilebilecek bir odaya girmi\u015ftik; yapay bir \u015fim\u015fek \u00e7ak\u0131p duruyordu. Sonra par\u00e7alanan atomlar\u0131 kaydeden bir sayac\u0131n t\u0131k\u0131rt\u0131 seslerini duyduk. \u2018Atom par\u00e7alay\u0131c\u0131\u2019 dedikleri bir makinenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeydik; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u00fcksek vol\u00adtaj akselerat\u00f6rleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son derece ilkel kalan bir makine! Rutherford ve ekibi i\u015fte bu ara\u00e7larla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u2018Param\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kafam\u0131z\u0131 kullanmak zorunday\u0131z\u2019 diyordu Rutherford. O, yaln\u0131z ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n basitli\u011fiyle de\u011fil, bilime yakla\u00ad\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndaki basit tutumuyla da \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00e7 duymaktayd\u0131. \u2018Kendim \u00e7ok basit oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in, diyordu, \u2018do\u011fan\u0131n da temelde basit oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum\u2019.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rutherford, bir dizi se\u00e7kin fizik\u00e7i yeti\u015ftirmekle kalmad\u0131, on\u00adlara b\u00fcy\u00fck bir esin kayna\u011f\u0131 da oldu. N\u00fckleer fizik onun d\u00fcnya\u00ads\u0131yd\u0131. Bu alandaki \u00f6ndeyilerinden pek az\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yan\u0131l\u00adg\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, \u00e7ekirdekteki sakl\u0131 enerjinin s\u00fcrgit kilitli kalaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7ok de\u011fil iki y\u0131l sonra bu enerjinin atom bombas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011fine art\u0131k kesin g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131yor\u00addu. Neyse ki, \u015fans\u0131 bir kez daha y\u00fcz\u00fcne g\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc: Hiro\u015fima\u2019daki korkun\u00e7 patlamay\u0131 duymayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaynak: <\/strong>Cemal Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m, Bilimin \u00d6nc\u00fcleri, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2019, 30. Bask\u0131, s.173-177<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bilimde yer alan b\u00fcy\u00fck devrimsel at\u0131l\u0131mlar genellikle \u201cPlanck\u201d ve \u201cEinstein\u201d\u0131n adlar\u0131yla bilinir. Oysa onlar\u0131n kuramsal at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli deneysel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Marie Curie ve Ernest Rutherford\u2019un radyoaktivite \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gelir. Rutherford, d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle bir bilim adam\u0131ndan \u00e7ok bir \u201c\u00e7iftlik k\u00e2hyas\u0131\u201d ya da bir \u201ca\u015firet reisi\u201dni […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":38329,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[482,277,5554,288,3313],"class_list":["post-38328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-bilim","tag-einstein","tag-ernest-rutherford","tag-fizik","tag-radyo-dalgalari"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38328\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}