{"id":38447,"date":"2019-11-20T12:36:33","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T09:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=38447"},"modified":"2019-11-20T12:36:33","modified_gmt":"2019-11-20T09:36:33","slug":"asi-karsitlarinin-iddialari-ve-gercekler-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2019\/11\/20\/asi-karsitlarinin-iddialari-ve-gercekler-2","title":{"rendered":"A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ekler"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u015f\u0131lar insano\u011flunun sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki en de\u011ferli bulu\u015fudur. Hi\u00e7bir bilimsel ortamda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, insanlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, tam tersine, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f-geli\u015fmemi\u015f t\u00fcm \u00fclkelere ayn\u0131 miktarda ve kolayl\u0131kla temin edilmesi, zengin-fakir herkese \u00fccretsiz \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmektir. A\u015f\u0131lar b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k i\u00e7indir.<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gereksiz oldu\u011funu hatta zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia eden, farkl\u0131 gerek\u00e7eler \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek a\u015f\u0131lar konusunda toplumda kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olan ki\u015fi ve gruplara k\u0131saca \u201ca\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131\u201d diyoruz. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne yaz\u0131k ki son y\u0131llarda giderek daha \u00e7ok taraftar toplamaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak modernle\u015fmeye-bilimsel ilerlemeye kar\u015f\u0131 olan kesimler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda daha e\u011fitimli, kentli, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ya\u015fam s\u00fcren ve teknolojik geli\u015fmeleri destekleyen toplum kesimlerinde de a\u015f\u0131lar ve a\u015f\u0131lanma konusunda soru i\u015faretleri olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Sosyal medya ve di\u011fer ileti\u015fim mecralar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na daha geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015farak iddialar\u0131n\u0131 dillendirme ve taraftar kitlesini geni\u015fletme \u015fans\u0131 vermektedir. Kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen-sorgulayan-ara\u015ft\u0131ran \u201cinsan\u201d yerine, sorgulamayan-inanan \u201ct\u00fcketici\u201d yeti\u015ftiren e\u011fitim sisteminin insanlar\u0131 bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak metafizik ve ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin etkisine a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131yor olmas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli etkendir. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n komplo teorilerini dillendirmedeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 da \u015f\u00fcphesiz a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de k\u0131zam\u0131k-k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k-kabakulak a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n otizme neden oldu\u011funa dair yalan yay\u0131n yapan ve bu nedenle hekimlik diplomas\u0131 iptal edilen Andrew Wakefield, ABD\u2019de a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerin etkinliklerinde yer alarak a\u00e7\u0131k bir yalan\u0131 dillendirmeye devam etmekte.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Komplo teorileri genel olarak ilgi \u00e7ekici ve ikna edici g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Bu teorilerin i\u00e7 tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman y\u00fcksektir ve bu da ikna g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak temelinde bilimsel bilgi ve ger\u00e7eklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayaklar\u0131 havadad\u0131r ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etki ile y\u0131k\u0131lmaya mahk\u00fbmdurlar. Tam da bu nedenle bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden uzak ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda ve geri kalm\u0131\u015f toplumlarda itibar g\u00f6r\u00fcr, benimsenir ve yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rlar. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n komplo teorileriyle ba\u015f etmenin en iyi yolu s\u00fcrekli olarak bilimsel bilgiyi geli\u015ftirmek ve dillendirmek, bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 da asl\u0131nda bunu iyi bildiklerinden bilimsel platformlarda hi\u00e7 bulunmazlar. Hi\u00e7bir bilimsel toplant\u0131da iddialar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmezler, getiremezler. Sosyal medya, gazete, dergiler ve televizyonlarda boy g\u00f6sterdiklerinde de bilimsel verileri dillendirecek ki\u015filerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmemeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterirler. Kendi haz\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 televizyon programlar\u0131na kendi iddialar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen ki\u015fileri \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Modern \u00e7a\u011fdaki a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatan program olarak kabul edilen ve Amerikan NBC televizyonunun bir yan kurulu\u015funda Nisan 1982\u2019de yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flayan \u201cDPT: A\u015f\u0131 Ruleti (DPT: Vaccine Roulette)\u201d program\u0131 bunun klasik \u00f6rne\u011fidir (DPT: \u00dc\u00e7\u00fc bir arada tek a\u015f\u0131 olarak uygulanan Difteri-Bo\u011fmaca-Tetanos a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f harflerinden olu\u015fan bir k\u0131saltmad\u0131r). Programda \u00f6zellikle difteri-bo\u011fmaca-tetanos a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131nda beyin hasar\u0131, epilepsi ve \u00f6l\u00fcm geli\u015fti\u011fi iddia edilen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n dramatize edilmi\u015f hik\u00e2yelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra konunun uzman\u0131 olarak takdim edilen ve ger\u00e7ekte konu hakk\u0131nda bilgisi olmayan birka\u00e7 doktora yer verilmi\u015ftir. Amerika\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck ses getiren televizyon program\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da ailenin a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcreten firmalar\u0131 dava etmesine \u00f6n ayak olmu\u015ftur. Mahkeme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde, konunun uzman\u0131 diye g\u00f6sterilen ki\u015filerin programda iddia edilen konularda hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmayan, mesleksel ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 ki\u015filer oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu durum bu ki\u015filerin a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketler i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmesini engellememi\u015ftir. Her zaman s\u00f6zlerini dinleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitleyi bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. O kadar ki, 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de k\u0131zam\u0131k-k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k-kabakulak a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsakta ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi art\u0131rarak beyne zarar veren proteinlerin emilmesine ve b\u00f6ylece otizme neden oldu\u011funa dair yalan yay\u0131n yapan ve daha sonra bu nedenle hekimlik diplomas\u0131 iptal edilen Andrew Wakefield isimli bir doktor, ABD\u2019de a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketlerin etkinliklerinde yer alarak a\u00e7\u0131k bir yalan\u0131 dillendirmeye devam etmekte, s\u00f6zleri \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan taraf\u0131ndan dinlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 yalanlarla ve ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tarak kampanyalar yap\u0131yorlar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n taktikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peki, bu nas\u0131l olabiliyor? A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 toplumu ikna etmek i\u00e7in iki \u00f6nemli takti\u011fe ba\u015fvurmaktad\u0131r. Birincisi; do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan bilgilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir iddia ile do\u011fruymu\u015f gibi savunulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Biliminsanlar\u0131 bunu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcnce hemen ba\u015fka bir iddiay\u0131 dile getirirler. B\u00f6ylece kamuoyunu ve biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli me\u015fgul etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bunu yaparken bir \u00f6nceki iddialar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 utan\u00e7 duymad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi o konunun \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu, as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan\u0131n yeni iddia oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir alg\u0131 yarat\u0131rlar. Bu b\u00f6yle s\u00fcr\u00fcp gider. \u00dclkemizden \u00f6rnek verecek olursak, birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce ad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde profes\u00f6r unvan\u0131 olan bir doktorun grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7inde al\u00fcminyum bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in ya\u015fl\u0131larda Alzheimer hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 tam da b\u00f6yle bir iddiad\u0131r. Kendisi \u00e7ok emin olarak s\u00f6ylese de \u00fcretilen hi\u00e7bir grip a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde al\u00fcminyum yoktur. Bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi uzmanl\u0131k derne\u011fi (T\u00fcrk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve \u0130nfeksiyon Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (KL\u0130M\u0130K) Derne\u011fi) olarak kamuoyuna sunmu\u015f olmam\u0131z onun ba\u015fka bir konuda yeni iddialar ortaya atmas\u0131na ve insanlar\u0131 kand\u0131rmas\u0131na engel olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konuyu, kendisinin s\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir televizyon program\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma \u00f6nerimizi de, beklenece\u011fi \u00fczere, geri \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci taktik \u00e7ok daha ikna edici ve sinsidir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yalan s\u00f6ylemek yerine bilimsel baz\u0131 ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tarak veya onlardan \u00e7\u0131kamayacak sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131kartarak, bir anlamda bilimi kullanarak, yalan s\u00f6ylemektir. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, anne s\u00fct\u00fc bebe\u011fi infeksiyonlardan korudu\u011fu i\u00e7in iki ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirene kadar \u00e7ocuklara a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmak yerine anne s\u00fct\u00fc vermenin yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederler. Anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn infeksiyonlardan korudu\u011fu \u00e7ok do\u011frudur. Hekimler anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc bebe\u011fin ilk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar. Ancak bu bilgi ne kadar do\u011fru ise buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak dile getirilen \u201ctek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterlidir\u201d iddias\u0131 o kadar yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6zel \u015firketlerce \u00fcretildi\u011fi ve bu \u015firketlerin a\u015f\u0131 yan etkilerini gizledi\u011fi iddias\u0131 da benzer \u015fekilde do\u011fru bir bilgiden yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kartmakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin \u00fcretti\u011fi, k\u00e2r etmeyi hedefledikleri do\u011fru olmakla birlikte a\u015f\u0131 yan etkileri ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilimsel kurulu\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan takip edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 asl\u0131nda bilimin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda olduklar\u0131ndan kendilerine ve iddialar\u0131na sahte bir bilimsellik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vermeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterirler. Yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan, ABD\u2019de \u201cDPT: A\u015f\u0131 Ruleti\u201d program\u0131 ile bir araya gelen ve kendilerine \u201cikna olmam\u0131\u015f aileler\u201d ismi veren a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 1990\u2019lar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda isimlerini \u201culusal a\u015f\u0131 bilgilendirme merkezi\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fler b\u00f6ylelikle resmi ve bilimsel bir kurum kisvesine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Site halen aktif olarak bilimsel verileri \u00e7arp\u0131tarak a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bilgileri payla\u015fmaya devam etmektedir. Siteye girdi\u011finizde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z haberlerden birisi, Ocak 2018\u2019de siteye konulmu\u015f olan, ani bebek \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sendromu (SIDS)\u2019in ABD\u2019de y\u0131lda 1500\u2019den fazla bebe\u011fin bir ya\u015f\u0131na gelmeden \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep oldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin haberdir (SIDS; nedeni belirlenememi\u015f bir sendromdur). Haberde a\u015f\u0131lanma oranlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fla birlikte SIDS rakamlar\u0131nda da art\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan hareketle \u00f6l\u00fcmler a\u015f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilendirilmektedir. Oysa \u00e7ok iyi bilindi\u011fi gibi iki farkl\u0131 parametrenin (de\u011fi\u015fkenin) birlikte azalmas\u0131 veya artmas\u0131 bu parametrelerden birinin di\u011ferine neden oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. T\u0131pk\u0131 dondurma sat\u0131\u015f rakamlar\u0131 ile denizde bo\u011fulmalar\u0131n birbirine paralel art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesinin dondurma yemenin denizde bo\u011fulmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyece\u011fi gibi (as\u0131l neden her iki de\u011fi\u015fkenin de art\u0131\u015f\u0131na neden olan yaz mevsimidir), a\u015f\u0131lanma art\u0131\u015f\u0131 SIDS\u2019in nedeni olmayabilir. Nitekim sitedeki haber bir yandan da mahcup bir \u015fekilde \u201cher ne kadar bu paralel art\u0131\u015f\u0131n (korelasyon) nedensellik ifade etti\u011fi kesin de\u011filse de\u2026\u201d diyerek bilimsel itirazlar\u0131 savu\u015fturmakta ama hemen ard\u0131ndan \u201c2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonucunda artan a\u015f\u0131 dozlar\u0131 ile SIDS \u00f6l\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 bir korelasyon bulundu\u011funu\u201d yazmaktad\u0131r. Tabi ki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hangi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma oldu\u011fu sitede belirtilmedi\u011fi gibi bir sonraki c\u00fcmlede a\u00e7\u0131k bir yalan ile Amerika Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezi-CDC\u2019nin (bizdeki T\u00fcrkiye Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kurumu\u2019nun e\u015fde\u011feri say\u0131labilir) 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada SIDS\u2019ten \u00f6len \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n % 80\u2019inin, \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131 uygulanan \u00e7ocuklar oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedir. Elbette ki CDC\u2019nin bu veriyi \u00fcreten bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi CDC\u2019nin sayfas\u0131na girildi\u011finde \u201cbu iddia \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, analizlerde ve halen s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen takiplerde a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n SIDS\u2019e neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Yine CDC\u2019nin sitesinde, SIDS\u2019in y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131lan bebeklerde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bebeklerin s\u0131rt \u00fcst\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan e\u011fitici kampanyalar sayesinde SIDS olgular\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda dramatik azalma oldu\u011funu okuyabilirsiniz. Elbette ki a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 sitede buna dair bir bilgi yer almamaktad\u0131r!<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etkisini azaltabilmek, her f\u0131rsatta ve her ortamda bilimsel ger\u00e7ekleri ortaya koymakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n dile getirdi\u011fi belli ba\u015fl\u0131 iddialar ve o iddialara yan\u0131t niteli\u011findeki bilimsel ger\u00e7ekler 10 ba\u015fl\u0131kta toplanabilir:<\/p>\n

\u0130DD\u0130ALAR VE B\u0130L\u0130M\u0130N YANITLARI<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0130ddia 1: Hastal\u0131klar, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve temiz g\u0131da\/su temini sayesinde a\u015f\u0131lamalardan \u00f6nce ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu gibi ifadeler a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 literat\u00fcrde \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, niyet a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektir. Daha iyi bir beslenme, temiz i\u00e7me suyu, ba\u015fta antibiyotikler olmak \u00fczere t\u0131bbi tedavilerin geli\u015fmesi sa\u011f kal\u0131m oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha az kalabal\u0131k ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 hastal\u0131k bula\u015f\u0131n\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n

Ancak bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llar i\u00e7indeki de\u011fi\u015fimine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ne kadar etkili oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u0131llar boyunca periyodik ini\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar olsa da k\u0131zam\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek kal\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f 1963\u2019de k\u0131zam\u0131k a\u015f\u0131 lisans\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve k\u0131zam\u0131k a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir (Grafik 1). \u0130\u015fin garip yan\u0131, bu grafik a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131larak tam aksini iddia etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00f6yle ki; grafi\u011fe dikkat edilirse Kanada\u2019da 1959 ile 1968 aras\u0131nda k\u0131zam\u0131k verileri toplanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in olgu say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren siyah d\u00fcz \u00e7izgi o y\u0131llarda ara vermektedir. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 orijinal grafikteki pek \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm noktas\u0131ndan sadece sekizini kullan\u0131p, 1935 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1959 y\u0131l\u0131na d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7izerek sanki a\u015f\u0131dan \u00f6nce olgu say\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermektedirler (Grafikteki koyu \u00e7izgi ve taral\u0131 alan). Hatta daha ileri gidip, biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131 bu grafi\u011fi g\u00f6zlerden saklayan yalanc\u0131lar olmakla su\u00e7lamaktad\u0131rlar (yavuz h\u0131rs\u0131z ev sahibini bast\u0131r\u0131r!). Benzer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7ocuklarda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc solunum yolu enfeksiyonlar\u0131 ve menenjit yapan Haemophilus influenzae<\/em>\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmesiyle de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f sosyoekonomik d\u00fczeyi y\u00fcksek olan (zaten temiz su ve g\u0131daya ula\u015fabilen, ya\u015fam standard\u0131 y\u00fcksek) geli\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde ve yak\u0131n zamanlarda g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir (ABD\u2019de 1990\u2019da y\u0131lda 20.000 olgudan 1993\u2019de 1419 olguya). Benzer \u00f6rnekler \u00fclkemizden de verilebilir: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de kabakulak olgu say\u0131s\u0131 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda 20.000 iken yayg\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lama ile 2017\u2019de 419\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinin geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bile salg\u0131nlara neden olmas\u0131 da hastal\u0131klar\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir: Japonya\u2019da 1974\u2019de 393 bo\u011fmaca vakas\u0131 ve s\u0131f\u0131r \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6zlenirken bo\u011fmacaya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lama oranlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 s\u00f6ylemlerin etkisi ile % 70\u2019lerden % 20-40\u2019lara d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle 1979\u2019da 13000 vaka ve 41 \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde 1989\u2019da 839 difteri vakas\u0131 varken, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte a\u015f\u0131lama altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131 sonucunda 1994\u2019de 50.000 olgu ve 1700 \u00f6l\u00fcm g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131rsak hastal\u0131klar \u00f6l\u00fcmlerle geri gelecektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ddia 2: Bir salg\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hastalanan ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu a\u015f\u0131 olanlard\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131lar etkisizdir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu, bilimi alet ederek yalan s\u00f6yleme takti\u011fi ile \u00fcretilmi\u015f bir iddiad\u0131r. Salg\u0131nlarla seyreden \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekten de hastalananlar\u0131n say\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 olanlar olabilir. Ancak bu a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisiz oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermez. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; a\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocu\u011fu riske atmamak amac\u0131yla a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00f6l\u00fc veya zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f vir\u00fcs konuldu\u011fundan ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi ile ilgili nedenlerden dolay\u0131 hi\u00e7bir a\u015f\u0131 % 100 etkili de\u011fildir. A\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ortalama % 85-95\u2019i korunurken % 5-15\u2019inde a\u015f\u0131ya ra\u011fmen hastal\u0131k geli\u015febilir. Toplumda a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lanmayanlara k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hastalananlar aras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n oran\u0131 da fazla olacakt\u0131r. Bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klanacak olursa; 1000 \u00e7ocu\u011fun gitti\u011fi bir okulda 10 \u00e7ocu\u011fun k\u0131zam\u0131k a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 990 \u00e7ocu\u011fun a\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu farz edelim. K\u0131zam\u0131k salg\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011funda a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f 10 \u00e7ocu\u011fun tamam\u0131 hastalanacakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131n\u0131n koruyuculu\u011fu % 98 olsa dahi a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f 990 \u00e7ocuktan 19\u2019u (% 2) k\u0131zam\u0131k olacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta salg\u0131nda hastalanm\u0131\u015f 29 \u00e7ocu\u011fun 19\u2019u (% 65,5\u2019i) a\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocuklardan olu\u015facakt\u0131r. Oysa a\u015f\u0131 990 \u00e7ocu\u011fun 971\u2019ini hastal\u0131ktan korumu\u015ftur. A\u015f\u0131lanmayanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 hastalan\u0131rken a\u015f\u0131lananlar\u0131n % 2\u2019si hastalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130ddia 3: A\u015f\u0131 olmaktansa hasta olmak daha iyidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015f\u0131lar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisi kadar koruyucu de\u011fildir. <\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lar, do\u011fal enfeksiyon sonucu geli\u015fen yan\u0131tlara benzer bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yan\u0131t\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi ile etkile\u015firler, ancak hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olmazlar. B\u00f6ylelikle ki\u015fide hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olas\u0131 komplikasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f olur. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7irmek de a\u015f\u0131lanmak kadar (baz\u0131 durumlarda daha fazla) ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k olu\u015fturur. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lanmak yerine hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendisini ge\u00e7irerek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k kazanman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r bedelleri olabilir: K\u0131zam\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 ensefalit, k\u00f6rl\u00fck ve \u00f6l\u00fcm, k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 do\u011fum kusurlar\u0131, bakteriyel menenjit sonras\u0131nda zek\u00e2 gerili\u011fi ve sinir hasar\u0131, \u00e7ocuk felci enfeksiyonundan sonra kal\u0131c\u0131 fel\u00e7ler, Hepatit B vir\u00fcs\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak karaci\u011fer kanseri veya \u00f6l\u00fcm gibi a\u011f\u0131r bedeller \u00f6denebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130ddia 4: K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bebe\u011fe \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015f\u0131 yapmak (\u00e7ok ve \u00e7e\u015fitli antijen vermek) ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bozarak pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu iddiay\u0131 dile getiren a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131, asl\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131ya de\u011fil ama ilk iki ya\u015fta bu kadar \u00e7ok yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131larm\u0131\u015f gibi konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Oysa a\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ciddi soru i\u015faretleri olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 gibi yine bilimsel olarak yanl\u0131\u015f bir iddia \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bebekler do\u011fumdan itibaren her dakika \u00e7ok say\u0131da yabanc\u0131 antijenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. Annesinin v\u00fccudundan ve \u00e7evreden \u00e7ok say\u0131da mikroorganizma bebe\u011fin v\u00fccuduna yerle\u015fir. Bebek ek g\u0131da almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise g\u0131dalarla \u00e7ok say\u0131da mikroorganizma ve farkl\u0131 antijenlere maruz kal\u0131r. Ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi nezle gibi enfeksiyonlar antijenik uyar\u0131ya sebep olur. Basit bir nezle 4-10 farkl\u0131 antijen, beta enfeksiyonu 25-50 farkl\u0131 antijenle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 demektir. A\u015f\u0131larla verilen antijenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak kadar az miktardad\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131lama do\u011fadakinin aksine kontroll\u00fc bir antijenik uyar\u0131md\u0131r. Bilimsel veriler ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lar yapman\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerinde olumsuz bir etkiye neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca yan etkinin de artmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu nedenle \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r bebeklere \u00e7oklu a\u015f\u0131lar uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Anne s\u00fct\u00fc tam bir koruma sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi kesilir kesilmez koruyucu etkisi de ortadan kalkar. Oysa a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisi \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu devam eder.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ddia 5: Anne s\u00fct\u00fc, i\u00e7eri\u011findeki maddelerle bebe\u011fi enfeksiyonlardan korur. Bebeklere ilk iki ya\u015fta \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u015f\u0131 yapmaktansa iki ya\u015f\u0131na kadar anne s\u00fct\u00fc vermek yeterlidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu iddia da bilimi alet ederek yalan s\u00f6yleme takti\u011fi ile \u00fcretilmi\u015f iddialara tipik bir \u00f6rnektir. Ger\u00e7ekten anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn enfeksiyonlardan korudu\u011fu bilimsel bir ger\u00e7ektir. Hatta hekimler anne s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc bebe\u011fin ilk a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlar ve bebe\u011fin anne s\u00fct\u00fcyle beslenmesini te\u015fvik ederler. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lar olmadan tek ba\u015f\u0131na anne s\u00fct\u00fc, k\u0131zam\u0131k, k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k, tetanos, difteri gibi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc hastal\u0131klardan koruyamaz. \u00dcstelik bu hastal\u0131klar sadece ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk iki y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmezler, yani sadece \u00e7ocukluk hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildirler. A\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7ocuk eri\u015fkin ya\u015fa kadar bu hastal\u0131klara yakalanmazsa mutlaka eri\u015fkin ya\u015fta yakalanacakt\u0131r. Anne s\u00fct\u00fc tam bir koruma sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi kesilir kesilmez koruyucu etkisi de ortadan kalkar. Oysa a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisi (belli a\u015f\u0131larda ek dozlar yap\u0131lmak kayd\u0131yla) \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu devam eder.<\/p>\n

\u0130ddia <\/strong>6: \u00dclkemizde a\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenebilir hastal\u0131klar kaybolmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmam\u0131za gerek yoktur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde a\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenen \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur. Bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n art\u0131k unutulacak kadar nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin nedeni y\u0131llard\u0131r ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde uygulanmakta olan ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama programlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n % 90\u2019dan fazlas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indir. Ancak halen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde bu hastal\u0131klar g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ve artan seyahatler, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve m\u00fcltecilik gibi nedenlerle \u00e7ok kolayca s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fabilmektedir. A\u015f\u0131lanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n biraz azalmas\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin k\u0131zam\u0131k i\u00e7in % 95\u2019in alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesi, salg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Nitekim \u00fclkemizde 2011\u2019de 105 k\u0131zam\u0131k olgusu (\u00e7o\u011fu d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen ki\u015filer) varken 2013\u2019te salg\u0131n ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve say\u0131 7405\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
K\u00f6ylerde \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 kampanyas\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ddia <\/strong>7: A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde koruyucu olarak c\u0131va gibi tehlikeli elementler, al\u00fcminyum gibi zararl\u0131 maddeler bulunur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131larda bakteriyel kontaminasyonu engellemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan timerosal diye bilinen madde organik bir c\u0131va bile\u015fi\u011fidir. Do\u011fada toprakta, havada ve sularda bulunan c\u0131van\u0131n iki formu vard\u0131r: Metil-c\u0131va ve etil-c\u0131va. Metil-c\u0131va v\u00fccutta birikerek y\u00fcksek dozlarda insanlarda zehir etkisi g\u00f6sterir. Etil-c\u0131va ise metil-c\u0131vaya g\u00f6re \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 v\u00fccuttan at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in toksik dozlara ula\u015fmaz. \u0130nsana zarar vermez. Timerosal etil-c\u0131vad\u0131r ve sadece \u00e7oklu doz i\u00e7eren flakon \u015feklindeki a\u015f\u0131larda bulunur. Tek ki\u015fiye yap\u0131lmak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f enjekt\u00f6rde bulunan a\u015f\u0131larda zaten timerosal (etil-c\u0131va) yoktur. Timerosalin otizm yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 da ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar timerosal ile otizm aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Al\u00fcminyum ve skualen gibi maddeler a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisini art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (adjuan) olarak 1930\u2019lardan beri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu maddeler de t\u0131pk\u0131 c\u0131va bile\u015fikleri gibi do\u011fada \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olarak bulunurlar ve insanlar a\u015f\u0131larda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 adjuanlardan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131 ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat i\u00e7erisinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar. \u00dcstelik her a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde adjuan yoktur. Bug\u00fcne kadar yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki adjuanlar\u0131n insana zarar vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Suriyeli m\u00fcltecilere y\u00f6nelik a\u015f\u0131 kampanyas\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ddia <\/strong>8: A\u015f\u0131lar g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildir pek \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok tehlikeli yan etkileri vard\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lar \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenlidirler. Lisansl\u0131 bir a\u015f\u0131, kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in onay almadan \u00f6nce \u00e7ok say\u0131da deneme a\u015famas\u0131 boyunca titizlikle test edilir ve piyasaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra d\u00fczenli olarak yeniden de\u011ferlendirilir. Biliminsanlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca, bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz bir etkiye neden olabilece\u011fine dair olas\u0131 bir durum i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan gelen bilgileri s\u00fcrekli olarak takip ederler. \u00c7o\u011fu a\u015f\u0131 reaksiyonlar\u0131, genellikle lokal a\u011fr\u0131 veya hafif ate\u015f gibi ge\u00e7ici reaksiyonlard\u0131r. Nadiren ciddi bir yan etki bildirilmesi durumunda bilimsel kurullar taraf\u0131ndan hemen ciddiyetle ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak \u015fu da bilinmelidir ki t\u0131pta bir y\u00f6ntemin g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verirken o y\u00f6ntem uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda neler olaca\u011f\u0131na da bak\u0131l\u0131r. Elbette a\u015f\u0131lanma \u00e7ok nadir (kabaca y\u00fcz binde bir ile milyonda bir aras\u0131nda bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla) ciddi yan etkiye neden olabilir. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lanmamak \u00e7ok daha tehlikeli ve zararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bebeklerde ishali \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yeni geli\u015ftirilen Rotavirus a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili olarak 4,5 milyon bebe\u011fin 5 y\u0131l boyunca izlenmesi ile elde edilen veriler de bunu destekler niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

Tablo:<\/strong> Amerika\u2019da Rotavirus a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nA\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenen olgu say\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\nA\u015f\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu olgu say\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\nFark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hastaneye yat\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n53.444<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n1093 kat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Acile ba\u015fvuru<\/td>\n169.949<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n12.115 kat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

A\u015f\u0131lar her a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fcvenlidirler. Hatta du\u015f almaktan, yemek yemekten veya d\u0131\u015far\u0131da dola\u015fmaktan daha g\u00fcvenlidirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sadece ABD\u2019de her y\u0131l 350 ki\u015fi du\u015f veya banyo kazas\u0131 nedeniyle, 200 ki\u015fi yemek yerken nefes borusuna ka\u00e7\u0131rarak, 40 ki\u015fi y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7arpmas\u0131 ile hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
A\u015f\u0131 olma karar\u0131 salg\u0131n yapabilen infeksiyonlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bireysel bir karar de\u011fil toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir gerekliliktir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ddia <\/strong>9: A\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131p yapt\u0131rmamak ki\u015fisel bir karard\u0131r. Benim \u00e7ocu\u011fuma a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmamam kimseyi ilgilendirmez. <\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n belki de en tehlikeli s\u00f6ylemi budur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hastan\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam\u0131 olmadan, v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozacak bir tedavi veya t\u0131bbi giri\u015fim uygulanmamas\u0131 t\u0131ptaki en \u00f6nemli etik ilkelerden biridir. Her hekimin, hastas\u0131n\u0131n tedaviyi reddetme hakk\u0131na sayg\u0131 duymas\u0131 gerekir. Ancak a\u015f\u0131lar v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozan bir giri\u015fim olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu kural\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Ayr\u0131ca a\u015f\u0131lanma sadece a\u015f\u0131lanan ki\u015fiyi de\u011fil t\u00fcm toplumu koruyan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumdaki a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olursa hastal\u0131k salg\u0131n yapamaz; a\u015f\u0131lanmayan ki\u015filer, a\u015f\u0131lanan ki\u015filer sayesinde hastal\u0131ktan korunmu\u015f olur (toplum ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131). Ancak a\u015f\u0131lanmayan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 artarsa, toplum ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkisi azal\u0131r ve salg\u0131nlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dcstelik bu salg\u0131nlarda a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131lar\u0131 da hastalan\u0131rlar (bkz. 2. iddiaya verilen yan\u0131t). Yani a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olanlar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u015f\u0131lananlar aras\u0131nda hastalan\u0131p \u00f6lenler olabilir. Bu nedenle a\u015f\u0131 olma karar\u0131 salg\u0131n yapabilen infeksiyonlar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bireysel bir karar de\u011fil toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir gerekliliktir.<\/p>\n

Bu konu \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok kritiktir. Son y\u0131llarda \u00fclkemizde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmayan ailelerin say\u0131s\u0131 tehlikeli bir \u015fekilde artmaktad\u0131r: 2014\u2019te 1370, 2015\u2019te 5091, 2016\u2019da 11470 iken 2017\u2019de 23000\u2019i ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu art\u0131\u015f trendi devam etti\u011fi takdirde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. Nitekim salg\u0131nlar\u0131n ilk bulgular\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki salg\u0131n sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 sayesinde k\u0131zam\u0131k olgu say\u0131s\u0131 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 8 iken, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 84 olmu\u015f, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131nda ise (6\u2019s\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olmak \u00fczere) 55\u2019i bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015e\u0131rnak\u2019ta \u00e7ocuk felci a\u015f\u0131 kampanyas\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130ddia <\/strong>10: A\u015f\u0131larla ilgili \u00e7ok yan etki var ama a\u015f\u0131 firmalar\u0131 bunlar\u0131n bilinmesine engel oluyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lar toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendiren \u00fcr\u00fcnler oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilimsel kurulu\u015flar (D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Uzmanl\u0131k Dernekleri, Avrupa Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezi, CDC vb) ve ulusal sa\u011fl\u0131k otoriteleri taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcne izlenmektedir. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan a\u015f\u0131 yan etkisi takip sistemleri vard\u0131r ve a\u015f\u0131lar yan etki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ila\u00e7lardan \u00e7ok daha yak\u0131n takip edilir. En ufak bir \u015f\u00fcphe olu\u015ftu\u011funda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z biliminsanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan komisyonlar kurularak ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, bilimsel ortamlarda \u015feffaf bir \u015fekilde payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve sonu\u00e7lar t\u00fcm hekimlere ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na duyurulur. Sekizinci maddede s\u00f6z edilen Rotavir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Temmuz 1999\u2019da Rotavir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131ma girdikten 10 ay sonra, CDC\u2019nin \u201cA\u015f\u0131 Yan etki Takip Sistemi (VAERS)\u201dne gelen raporlarda 15 \u00e7ocukta a\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ciddi bir hastal\u0131k olan \u201cintusepsiyon\u201d (ince ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ince barsak k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine, teleskopa benzer \u015fekilde, girerek barsak t\u0131kanmas\u0131na neden olmas\u0131) geli\u015fti\u011finin bildirilmesi \u00fczerine a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftur. Daha sonra yap\u0131lan bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ger\u00e7ekten bu yan etkinin a\u015f\u0131dan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterince a\u015f\u0131 piyasadan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve a\u015f\u0131 firmalar\u0131 bu yan etkiye neden olmayan yeni bir a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretmek \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etmi\u015flerdir. Sonu\u00e7ta bug\u00fcn kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve \u201cintusepsiyon\u201da neden olmayan Rotavir\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\"\"Sonu\u00e7 olarak:<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131lar insano\u011flunun sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki \u015f\u00fcphesiz en de\u011ferli bulu\u015fudur. Bilimsel olarak a\u015f\u0131larla ilgili tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak \u00e7ok ba\u015fl\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve biliminsanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, bilimsel ortamlarda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur. Ancak bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar sadece daha etkili, daha az yan etkisi olan daha ucuz ve pratik a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirilebilece\u011fine ve a\u015f\u0131lanma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l art\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fine ili\u015fkindir. Hi\u00e7bir bilimsel ortamda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyamazs\u0131n\u0131z. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7inde, kapitalist sistemin i\u015fleyi\u015fine tabi olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmesi, sat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da a\u015f\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, insanlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, tam tersine, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f-geli\u015fmemi\u015f t\u00fcm \u00fclkelere ayn\u0131 miktarda ve kolayl\u0131kla temin edilmesi, zengin-fakir herkese \u00fccretsiz \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmektir. A\u015f\u0131lar b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Desai R. et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32:1-7<\/p>\n

2) http:\/\/www.who.int\/vaccine_safety\/initiative\/detection\/immunization_misconceptions\/en\/index4.html)<\/p>\n

3) http:\/\/www.who.int\/features\/qa\/84\/en\/<\/p>\n

4) https:\/\/yalansavar.org\/2012\/01\/19\/asilar-ve-komplo-teorileri-bolum-3-asi-karsiti-iddialar-ve-yanitlari\/<\/p>\n

5) The Vaccine Handbook: A Practical Guide for Clinicians, 6E “The Purple Book”. Gary S. Marshall. Professional Communications, 2010.<\/p>\n

6) Offit PA. Deadly Choices: How the anti-vaccine movements threatens us all. Basic Books, New York, 2012.<\/p>\n

7) https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccinesafety\/concerns\/sids.html<\/p>\n

8) Gerber JS, Offit PA. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009; 48:456\u201361<\/p>\n

9) Azap A. A\u015f\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcm Toplumun Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Tehdit Eder. Herkese Bilim ve Teknoloji, 22 Mart 2018.<\/p>\n

10) http:\/\/www.klimik.org.tr\/2018\/01\/02\/grip-asisinda-aluminyum-yok\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u015f\u0131lar insano\u011flunun sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131ndaki en de\u011ferli bulu\u015fudur. Hi\u00e7bir bilimsel ortamda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyamazs\u0131n\u0131z. Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, insanlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, tam tersine, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f-geli\u015fmemi\u015f t\u00fcm \u00fclkelere ayn\u0131 miktarda ve kolayl\u0131kla temin edilmesi, zengin-fakir herkese \u00fccretsiz \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele etmektir. A\u015f\u0131lar b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131k i\u00e7indir. A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gereksiz oldu\u011funu hatta zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia eden, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1470,"featured_media":38448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[2777,5573,1631,5574],"class_list":["post-38447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-asi","tag-asi-karsiti","tag-hastalik","tag-iddia"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t