Ayd\u0131nlanma insan\u0131n daha da insanla\u015fma yolunda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biridir. \u0130nsan\u0131n insanla\u015fma ser\u00fcveni onun d\u00fcnyada hen\u00fcz bir yabanc\u0131 gibi durdu\u011fu zamanlarda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fam\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zenle yontan insan ya da rengeyikleri buzullar\u0131n ermesiyle kuzeye do\u011fru ka\u00e7arken tar\u0131m\u0131 yaratan insan bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fene kadar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlerden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler demek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar demekti. Katlanmak ve direnmek geli\u015fimin yasas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bir insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayd\u0131nlanma da elbet kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nceki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan al\u0131yordu. Ayd\u0131nlanmay\u0131 son derece karanl\u0131k bir d\u00fcnyada birdenbire, yanm\u0131\u015f bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k gibi g\u00f6rmek yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmemeliyiz. D\u00fcnya tekbi\u00e7im olmayan bir geli\u015fim d\u00fczeninde her zaman d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme a\u00e7\u0131k oldu. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerden do\u011fdu ve insanl\u0131k daha mutlu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir gelece\u011fe do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Frans\u0131z Ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bir d\u00fcnyaya dalga dalga yayarken b\u00fct\u00fcn bir d\u00fcnyadan da elbet insan olman\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez de\u011fi\u015fik etkilerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu yeni zamanlar insan\u0131n zaten e\u015fitlik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck yolunda ilerledi\u011fi zamanlard\u0131. Yeni\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n insan\u0131 haklar\u0131 konusunda daha \u00f6ncenin insan\u0131ndan daha k\u0131skan\u00e7t\u0131r. Ayd\u0131nlanma ve onun ya\u015fama ge\u00e7meye y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi olan Frans\u0131z Devrimi d\u00fcnyadaki bu yeni geli\u015fimi, yeni insan\u0131n duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinin anlam\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131n \u00e7izgilerle belirlemi\u015ftir. Ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcn ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kurulmu\u015f ya da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu sorusu da elbette bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da yan\u0131tlanacak bir soru de\u011fildir. Yeni ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 yeni insan\u0131n dileklerini yepyeni de\u011ferler d\u00fczeninde ortaya koyarken insano\u011flu bir yandan da kendi i\u00e7indeki o iyile\u015fmez g\u00f6r\u00fcnen karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden Ayd\u0131nlanma devinimi yeni ayd\u0131nlanmalar\u0131n yolunu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131rken Frans\u0131z Devrimi bu yollar\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131n somut ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaya ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde o g\u00fczel \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerle hi\u00e7 ba\u011fda\u015fmayan de\u011fi\u015fik ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa, \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u201d ve \u201ce\u015fitlik\u201d gibi kavramlar\u0131n ya\u015famda hen\u00fcz tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yoksa bu bizim bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in yolun sonuna gelmemi\u015f oldu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi insan\u0131n daha da insanla\u015fmak yolunda ortaya koydu\u011fu say\u0131s\u0131z direni\u015fin ve e\u015fsiz \u00f6zverilerin tarihidir, bir yandan da birilerinin canla ba\u015fla korumaya kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck geriliklerin ve yetersizliklerin tarihidir. \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi biraz da haks\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n tarihidir, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihidir, ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n tarihidir. Ne olursa olsun insanl\u0131k daha iyi bir yere do\u011fru a\u011f\u0131r aksak da olsa ilerlerken her zaman Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019yla gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve onun katk\u0131lar\u0131yla yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan daha g\u00fczel bir d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in el ele verme tasar\u0131lar\u0131yla belirgin Frans\u0131z Devrimi\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck kal\u0131t\u0131ndan her zaman yararlanacakt\u0131r. Ancak gene de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde herhangi bir zamanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir insanl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc gere\u011finden \u00e7ok abartman\u0131n getirece\u011fi yan\u0131lg\u0131lardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak zorunday\u0131z. Ayd\u0131nlanma\u2019y\u0131 ve onun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc ve ya\u015fama ge\u00e7iricisi rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olan Devrim\u2019i \u00e7ok abart\u0131rsak bizi geriye do\u011fru \u00e7eken bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131nda bulabiliriz kendimizi. Bu y\u00fczden ger\u00e7ek ayd\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n s\u00fcreklili\u011fini g\u00f6ren insan\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Uzun y\u00fczy\u0131llardan geliyor ve uzun y\u00fczy\u0131llara do\u011fru gidiyoruz. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7abam\u0131z\u0131n Kant\u2019\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi insan\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fcklerinden kurtarmak oldu\u011funu unutmamam\u0131z gerekir. Bunun i\u00e7in de herkesin \u00f6ncelikle kendi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fcklerinden ar\u0131nmas\u0131 bir zorunluluk de\u011fil mi? Kendi yazg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ellerine b\u0131rak\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmak yerine onu kendi istemi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insan\u0131n zaman\u0131 olacakt\u0131r gelecek zamanlar. Bunun i\u00e7in hepimizin bilgi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ve ahlak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tam anlam\u0131nda bir bilin\u00e7 ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gereksinimimiz var. Derme \u00e7atma bilin\u00e7lerle insan\u0131n gelecekteki g\u00fczelliklerinin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunamay\u0131z. En az\u0131ndan Ayd\u0131nlanmac\u0131lar kadar inan\u00e7l\u0131, onlar kadar diren\u00e7li, onlar kadar g\u00f6z\u00fcpek ayd\u0131n tipini yaratmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Yaln\u0131z burada de\u011fil, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde, ku\u015f u\u00e7maz kervan ge\u00e7mez denilen yerlerde bile.<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/strong> Af\u015far Timu\u00e7in ve Ali Timu\u00e7in, 50 Soruda Ayd\u0131nlanma, Bilim ve Gelecek Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mart 2010, s. 153-155<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ayd\u0131nlanma insan\u0131n daha da insanla\u015fma yolunda att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biridir. \u0130nsan\u0131n insanla\u015fma ser\u00fcveni onun d\u00fcnyada hen\u00fcz bir yabanc\u0131 gibi durdu\u011fu zamanlarda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fam\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zenle yontan insan ya da rengeyikleri buzullar\u0131n ermesiyle kuzeye do\u011fru ka\u00e7arken tar\u0131m\u0131 yaratan insan bug\u00fcn\u00fcn insan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fene kadar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlerden ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimler demek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":38846,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[227,5632,1821,410,521],"class_list":["post-38845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-aydinlanma","tag-dusunur","tag-esitlik","tag-fransiz-devrimi","tag-ozgurluk"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t