{"id":39285,"date":"2020-01-30T11:40:02","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T08:40:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=39285"},"modified":"2020-01-30T11:38:52","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T08:38:52","slug":"sarlatanligin-dayanilmaz-hafifligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/01\/30\/sarlatanligin-dayanilmaz-hafifligi","title":{"rendered":"\u015earlatanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dayan\u0131lmaz hafifli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kara Kutu adl\u0131 kitapta s\u00f6ylenenin tersine, as\u0131l bilime alternatif g\u00f6sterilen y\u00f6ntemler birer dogma olup kendi kendini yenileyemezler. Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 denen y\u00f6ntemler bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131 ancak eksiltir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle denetlenemeyen bu s\u00f6zde t\u0131p, \u015farlatanlar\u0131n rahat\u00e7a at ko\u015fturduklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f alanlard\u0131r. \u015earlatanlar bilimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7, kan\u0131t, \u00f6l\u00e7me y\u00f6ntemlerini bu y\u00fczden hi\u00e7 sevmezler.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilime a\u00e7\u0131ktan sald\u0131ramayanlar\u0131n gizliden gizliye bilimsel t\u0131bba sald\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 hep g\u00f6zlemledik. Bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131n i\u00e7inin bo\u015falt\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131p filimsel t\u0131bba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine tan\u0131k olduk. T\u0131p, bence bilimin en \u00f6nemli kalesidir. Bunun arkas\u0131ndan matemati\u011fe, kimyaya, fizi\u011fe, astronomiye sald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131? Bence sald\u0131r\u0131lar \u015fimdiden ba\u015flad\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca \u00fclkemizde de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ak\u0131ld\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve bilim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ideolojiler y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n

Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n Sakl\u0131 Se\u00e7ilmi\u015fler<\/em> ve Kara Kutu<\/em> adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okudum. Her ne kadar sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, bu kitab\u0131n ilaca-a\u015f\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylese de, toplumdaki etkisi bu y\u00f6nde olacakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmleri artacakt\u0131r, diyabet ve hipertansiyon ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar\u0131n\u0131n ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakmas\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcm ve sakatl\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Do\u011fum kontrol haplar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z ko\u015fullarda k\u00fcrtajlar\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve masum kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6lmesine neden olacakt\u0131r. Bu savlar a\u00e7\u0131ktan bilim d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na var\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fim iki kitab\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z hata vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n her birine tek tek girmek b\u00f6yle bir makalenin boyutunda imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. Ancak bilime pervas\u0131zca sald\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken sessiz kalmak, mesle\u011fime ve insanl\u0131\u011fa bir ihanet olur. Hastalar\u0131na \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini adam\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka bilimcilerin bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n eksikliklerini tamamlayaca\u011f\u0131ndan ve bu hatalar\u0131 teker teker ele alaca\u011f\u0131ndan eminim. Bir int\u00f6rn doktor olan Eren \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, a\u015f\u0131lamayla ilgili komplo kuramlar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011funu ve topluma ne kadar zarar verdi\u011fini zaten \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011frencisinden Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019a A\u00e7\u0131k Mektup, www.medikritik.com).<\/p>\n

Kara Kutu tamamen kara m\u0131?
\n<\/strong>Kara Kutu kitab\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u00e7a belirtildi\u011fi gibi kapitalizm sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00e2r ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc arac\u0131 olarak kullanmaktad\u0131r, bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6r gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc de yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, baz\u0131 doktorlar kirli \u00e7\u0131kar ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f olabilir, baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6rmezden gelmektedir. Baz\u0131 doktorlar ele\u015ftirilere ger\u00e7ekten kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Sayg\u0131n \u00fcniversitelerde bilim suland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, s\u00fcl\u00fck, kupa, hacamat sa\u011fl\u0131k uygulama tebli\u011fine sokulurken bir\u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 sessiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilim, toplumsal ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n k\u00e2r\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 bilimsel y\u00f6ntemin kendisi de\u011fildir. Kara Kutu tamamen kara de\u011fildir, ancak baz\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flar t\u00fcm do\u011frular\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr (Eren \u00d6zt\u00fcrk).<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f t\u0131p deyince ne zamandan beri bilimsel t\u0131p anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r oldu?
\n<\/strong>\u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f (modern) t\u0131p deyince yaln\u0131zca bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r. Tek bir fizik, tek bir biyoloji oldu\u011fu gibi, tek bir t\u0131p vard\u0131r, o da bilimsel t\u0131pt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan herkes \u015farlatan kategorisine girer.\u201d (H\u00fcseyin Batuhan, Bilim ve \u015earlatanl\u0131k<\/em>, Bulut Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999, s.320). Niye alternatif fizik, alternatif matematik, alternatif kimya, alternatif veya tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 biyoloji konu\u015fulmamakta, yaln\u0131zca alternatif ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 denen t\u0131ptan s\u00f6z edilmektedir? Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 ve alternatif t\u0131p, bilimsel t\u0131p i\u00e7inde bir Truva at\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cT\u0131p (m\u00fchendislik gibi) asl\u0131nda pratik amaca y\u00f6nelik olmakla birlikte teorik temeli olan bir bilimdir ve bu temeli ona -ba\u015fta fizik ve kimya olmak \u00fczere- biyoloji sa\u011flar. Nitekim bug\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u015famada \u2018molek\u00fcler\u2019 biyoloji t\u0131bb\u0131n temel disiplini haline gelmi\u015f say\u0131labilir. Molek\u00fcler biyolojinin genetik, fizyoloji ve imm\u00fcnolojiye yepyeni ufuklar a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, farmakolojiye yol g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini biliyoruz. S\u00f6z\u00fcn k\u0131sas\u0131, modern t\u0131p \u201cdeneme yan\u0131lma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7oktan geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, gerek te\u015fhiste gerekse tedavide en duyarl\u0131 ayg\u0131t ve makinelerle i\u015f g\u00f6ren, gittik\u00e7e artan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bilgisayarlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, sa\u011fl\u0131k m\u00fchendisli\u011fi diyebilece\u011fimiz g\u00fcvenilir bir bilim halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d (H\u00fcseyin Batuhan, Bilim ve \u015earlatanl\u0131k<\/em>, s.319).\"\"<\/p>\n

Dost ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fman aya\u011fa bakar
\n<\/strong>Bilimsel t\u0131p, insan ya\u015fam\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131klar getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131n en korkulan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanserde bile \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmektedir (\u015eekil 1). Tamamen iyile\u015fen kanserlerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artmaktad\u0131r. Anne \u00f6l\u00fcmleri, bebek \u00f6l\u00fcmleri azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015fam beklentisi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada artmaktad\u0131r (\u015eekil 2). G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde siz hi\u00e7 \u00e7evrenizde trahom, \u00e7i\u00e7ek nedeniyle k\u00f6r olan veya \u00e7ocuk felci (polio) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle fel\u00e7li ya\u015fayan yeti\u015fkinleri g\u00f6r\u00fcyor musunuz? Sayfadaki g\u00f6rselde 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, hen\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7ocuk felci nedeniyle solunum kaslar\u0131 fel\u00e7 olan ve bo\u011fularak \u00f6lmek \u00fczere olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n o zamanlar bulunmu\u015f demir akci\u011fer ad\u0131 verilen bir ayg\u0131tla nas\u0131l ya\u015famda tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi unutman\u0131n, ak\u0131llanmaman\u0131n ve insanlar\u0131 tekrar ayn\u0131 risklere atman\u0131n anlam\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin en \u00e7ok korkulan hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan veremin art\u0131k kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 bile her y\u0131l azalmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmleri, anne \u00f6l\u00fcmleri, enfeksiyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ve travmalara ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler azal\u0131nca, istatistiklerde kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kansere ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler azald\u0131k\u00e7a, belli bir zaman diliminde toplumda ya\u015fayan kanser olgular\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bug\u00fcn en \u00e7ok korkulan hastal\u0131klardan birinin kanser olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni, asl\u0131nda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f t\u0131bb\u0131n di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u011faltmas\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eekil 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bilimsel t\u0131p hastaya b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl (holistik) yakla\u015f\u0131r. Hastalar\u0131 sa\u011faltmak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmaz. Hastay\u0131 sevmek, dokunmak, onunla ilgilenmek, aile ve toplum i\u00e7indeki sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak, i\u015f ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki stres nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak, bilimsel verileri onun anlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir dilde anlatmak, onun diyetini, egzersizini ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek her hekimin g\u00f6revidir. Her t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frencisi bunlar\u0131 daha fak\u00fcltede \u00f6\u011frenir. Ne var ki sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki altyap\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 nedeniyle her \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini uygulayamayabilir. Bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131n hastan\u0131n birey y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi ama alternatif ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 denen t\u0131p\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n insan \u00f6z\u00fcne daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi varsay\u0131m\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tersine bilimsel verinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda umut tacirli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u00f6z\u00fcnde insana d\u00fc\u015fman yakla\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. Ne garip rastlant\u0131d\u0131r ki onlar, ayn\u0131 Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n gibi, kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 t\u0131p kavram\u0131ndan ve \u00f6zellikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm kavram\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olurlar.<\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bireylere yap\u0131lan \u00f6nerileri bilimsel t\u0131p, alternatif t\u0131p veya tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u0131p olarak b\u00f6lmek gereksizdir, hatad\u0131r, sak\u0131ncal\u0131d\u0131r. Tek tek her bir y\u00f6ntemin etkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmal\u0131 ve etkili oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olanlar hastalara \u00f6nerilmelidir. \u00d6nerdi\u011fi tedavinin kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 veremeyen, \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcrmeye bile kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kanlarla bilimsel t\u0131p uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 kefeye koymak ve bilimcilerin bilimi dogmala\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yan\u0131lg\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel bilgi mi kadim halk bilgisi mi?
\n<\/strong>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f t\u0131p, bilimsel bilgiye dayan\u0131r. Bilimsel bilgi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6zlem ve deneye dayanan bir bilimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenilir, ge\u00e7erli ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nesnel bir bilgidir; bu nedenle ki\u015filerden ve \u00fclkelerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r, evrenseldir. Bilimin en \u00f6nemli yan\u0131 kendi kendini yanl\u0131\u015flayabilmesidir. Bug\u00fcn do\u011fru kabul edilen y\u00f6ntemlerinin daha sonra sak\u0131ncal\u0131 y\u00f6nlerinin a\u011f\u0131r bast\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, bilimsel y\u00f6ntemin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131nda birka\u00e7 kere yineledi\u011fi, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun bat\u0131l\u0131la\u015fma hareketlerinden sonra unutturulan kadim halk bilgisi tam olarak nedir? Kupa, s\u00fcl\u00fck, \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fck veya hacamat m\u0131d\u0131r? Yoksa kitab\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7 (s.549) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde te\u015fekk\u00fcr etti\u011fi ve kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okumam\u0131z\u0131 bize sal\u0131k verdi\u011fi (onursal) profes\u00f6r doktorun muayenehanesinde uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 n\u00f6ralterapi, biofoton, kinezyoloji, kolorpunktur ve akupunktur mudur?<\/p>\n

\"\"
1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda, hen\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7ocuk felci nedeniyle solunum kaslar\u0131 fel\u00e7 olan ve bo\u011fularak \u00f6lmek \u00fczere olan \u00e7ocuklar o zamanlar bulunmu\u015f demir akci\u011fer ad\u0131 verilen bir ayg\u0131tla ya\u015famda tutulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, eldeki bilgilere g\u00f6re, Fatih\u2019ten \u00f6nce ve sonra veba salg\u0131nlar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki salg\u0131nlarda vebal\u0131 hastalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 K\u0131z Kulesi\u2019nde tecrit edilmi\u015ftir. Buradaki vebal\u0131lar\u0131n tedavisiyle Frans\u0131z hekim M. Bulard g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da 1812\u2019deki veba salg\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nceleri minarelerden Kuran-\u0131 Kerim<\/em>\u2019de 46. sure olan Sure-i Ahkaf okunmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcnde 3000\u2019i bulunca Gazab-\u0131 \u0130lahi\u2019ye Mucib oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131larak surenin evlerde bile okunmamas\u0131 halka duyurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130zmir\u2019de 1759-1765 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfusun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n salg\u0131nlarda yitirildi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 412.000 asker s\u0131tmaya yakalanm\u0131\u015f ve bu askerlerden 200.000\u2019i hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zetle de\u011fi\u015fik salg\u0131nlarda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin \u00e7aresizli\u011fi 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren y\u00fczlerin Bat\u0131\u2019ya \u00e7evrilmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d. (Cumhur Ertekin, T\u0131bb\u0131n \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/em>, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2018, s.291-292)<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte halk t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsunuz. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n bilimci, halk t\u0131bb\u0131n\u0131 yads\u0131maz. S\u00f6z konusu uygulamalar\u0131 ak\u0131l, g\u00f6zlem ve deney s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7irip kan\u0131tlad\u0131ktan sonra kullan\u0131r. \u0130nsana sayg\u0131 ve sevgi b\u00f6yle titiz ve zor bir s\u00fcreci zorunlu k\u0131lar. Japonya\u2019da halk\u0131n bir\u00e7ok derde deva oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc porsuk a\u011fac\u0131 yapraklar\u0131ndan, paklitaksel molek\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kanser ilac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnektir. Amerikan Ulusal Kanser Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn (NCI) 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda porsuk a\u011fac\u0131 yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifal\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylentilerini s\u0131nay\u0131p paklitakseli eczanelere vermesi k\u0131rk bir y\u0131l alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Porsuk a\u011fac\u0131, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda NCI taraf\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flanan 35.000 bitkiden yaln\u0131zca biridir. Bu emekleri, emekten yana oldu\u011fu bilinen bir gazeteci yazar\u0131n g\u00f6rmemesi \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Kara Kutu<\/em> kitab\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenenin tersine, as\u0131l bilime alternatif g\u00f6sterilen y\u00f6ntemler birer dogma olup kendi kendini yenileyemezler. Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 denen y\u00f6ntemler bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131 ancak eksiltir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle denetlenemeyen bu s\u00f6zde t\u0131p, \u015farlatanlar\u0131n rahat\u00e7a at ko\u015fturduklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f alanlard\u0131r. \u015earlatanlar bilimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7, kan\u0131t, \u00f6l\u00e7me y\u00f6ntemlerini bu y\u00fczden hi\u00e7 sevmezler.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u015farlatanl\u0131k
\n<\/strong>Sa\u011fl\u0131k hukukunda \u015farlatan, t\u0131p, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, veterinerlik veya di\u015f hekimli\u011fi \u00fczerine herhangi bir e\u011fitim ve lisans\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bu meslekleri icra eden sahtek\u00e2rlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir terimdir. Geni\u015f anlam\u0131nda, bilir ge\u00e7inen, kendi bilgi ve niteliklerini veya mallar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6verek kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndakini kand\u0131ran, doland\u0131ran kimseler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir s\u0131fatt\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m\u0131 biraz a\u00e7mak gerekir. Ben \u00e7evremde \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcr \u015farlatan g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. \u0130lki, sahte diplomal\u0131 veya diplomas\u0131z s\u00f6zde sa\u011falt\u0131c\u0131lard\u0131r. \u0130kincisi, t\u0131p diplomas\u0131 olan ancak kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 olmayan, hatta bilimsel g\u00f6zlemlerle etkisiz oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemleri b\u0131rakmayanlard\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, bilimsel t\u0131bbi y\u00f6ntemleri uygulayan, ancak sanki insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm bilimsel bilgi birikimlerini yaln\u0131zca kendileri uygulayabilir, yaln\u0131zca kendileri hastalar\u0131 tedavi edebilir gibi davranan, insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca kazan\u0131lan deneyimlerin ve bilimsel birikimin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kendi ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6steren hekimlerdir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f t\u0131p, bilimsel bilgiye dayan\u0131r. Bilimsel bilgi, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z g\u00f6zlem ve deneye dayanan bir bilimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenilir, ge\u00e7erli ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla nesnel bir bilgidir; bu nedenle ki\u015filerden ve \u00fclkelerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r, evrenseldir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n\u2019\u0131n s\u0131k\u00e7a tekrarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 herkesin bir hap yutmadan \u00f6nce defalarca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi \u00f6nerisi pratik de\u011fildir, tersine sak\u0131ncal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar \u00f6zellikle hastalan\u0131nca so\u011fukkanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybedip mant\u0131kl\u0131 kararlar yerine, korkular\u0131n\u0131n etkisinde, kendilerine daha \u00e7ok umut veren yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7 \u015farlatandan birinin a\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015earlatanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ipu\u00e7lar\u0131
\n<\/strong>Genellikle \u015farlatanlar\u0131n kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 bilerek aldatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu sanan ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 ile yanl\u0131\u015f bilgileri payla\u015fanlar\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir. Alternatif \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu arkada\u015flar\u0131 ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerdir. Bir sa\u011fl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 bir\u00e7ok konuda bilimsel davran\u0131rken baz\u0131 konularda bilim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar yapabilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6vg\u00fc ve abartmaya dayanan pazarlama \u015farlatanl\u0131k olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck bilimcide bulunmas\u0131 gereken niteliklerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7erli bir diploma sahibi olmak bile, tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bir\u00e7ok \u00fcniversitede bilimsel olmayan y\u00f6ntemler \u00f6\u011fretilmektedir. Daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc sayg\u0131n \u00fcniversitelerden mezun olan bir\u00e7ok hekim daha sonra bilimsel y\u00f6ntemden sapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, tart\u0131\u015fma, konu\u015fma, otoritelere ba\u015fkald\u0131rma modern d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nemli zenginlikleridir. Ancak, bu konu\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sahte peygamberlerin do\u011fmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Sahte peygamberlerin en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alan beslenmedir. Konuyu iyi bilen bir\u00e7ok uzman dala\u015fmaya (polemi\u011fe) girmemek i\u00e7in konu\u015fmamaktad\u0131r ve meydan bo\u015f kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7evremizdeki \u015farlatanlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartmak i\u00e7in \u015fu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir: Abart\u0131l\u0131 savlar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylentileri kullan\u0131rlar, mesleki unvanlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ersizdir ya da sahtedir. Bilimsel t\u0131p taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutulduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederler. Kendilerini ele\u015ftirenleri dava ederek y\u0131ld\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Tedavi y\u00f6ntemlerini duyurmak i\u00e7in hastalar\u0131n\u0131n politik g\u00fc\u00e7lerini bile kullan\u0131rlar. Plasebo etkisinden bile maksimum \u00e7\u0131kar sa\u011flayan karizmatik bireylerdir. Y\u00f6ntemlerini yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve sigorta ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6demesini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Trib\u00fcne oynarlar, halk\u0131n deste\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar, genellikle dinsel duygular\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131rlar. Kara Kutu<\/em> dili, sanki bu defa deneyimli bir gazetecinin a\u011fz\u0131ndan bir dini de\u011fil, bir ideolojik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yoksulu soyan soyana
\n<\/strong>Kitapta s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f t\u0131bb\u0131n pazar pay\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ancak alternatif ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 denen t\u0131bb\u0131n pazar pay\u0131 hakk\u0131nda niye hi\u00e7 konu\u015fulmamaktad\u0131r? 3 May\u0131s 2017\u2019de internette yay\u0131nlanan bir rapora g\u00f6re, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada alternatif t\u0131p pazar\u0131 hacmi 59,76 milyar dolard\u0131r (Complementary And Alternative Medicine Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Intervention \u201cBotanical, Acupuncture, Mind, Body, Yoga\u201d, By Distribution \u201cDirect Contact, E-training\u201d, And Segment Forecasts, 2019-2026. https:\/\/www.grandviewresearch.com\/industry-analysis).<\/p>\n

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Bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle denetlenemeyen s\u00f6zde t\u0131p, \u015farlatanlar\u0131n rahat\u00e7a at ko\u015fturduklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f alanlard\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 24.10.2014 g\u00fcn ve 29158 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete<\/em>\u2019de, geleneksel ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u0131p y\u00f6netmeli\u011fini duyurarak bilimd\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalara yasal bir zemin olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Akupunktur, kineziyoterapi, osteopati, fitoterapi, homoepati, hacamat, apiterapi, hipnoz ve s\u00fcl\u00fck, karyopraksi, ozon tedavisi i\u00e7in kamu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri sat\u0131\u015f tarifesinde kodlar ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastaneleri ve \u00fcniversite hastaneleri i\u00e7in fiyatlar belirlenmi\u015ftir (Kamu Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri Sat\u0131\u015f Tarifesi, Ek-1). \u00d6rne\u011fin bir hekim poliklinikte hasta muayene edip re\u00e7ete yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 50 TL \u00f6denmekte, fitoterapi sertifikal\u0131 bir hekim bitkisel kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m re\u00e7ete etti\u011finde 75 TL \u00f6denmektedir. Kemoterapi uygulamas\u0131 116 TL, s\u00fcl\u00fck uygulamas\u0131 100 TL\u2019dir. Fitoterapi i\u00e7in bir fiyat belirlenmi\u015ftir, ancak kemoterapi planlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir fiyat bile belirlenmemi\u015ftir. Bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131 bu kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lamay\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131n, devlet kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, etkisiz oldu\u011fu bilimsel olarak kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f \u015feylere \u00f6deme yapmas\u0131, savurganl\u0131k ve sorumsuzluk de\u011fil midir? Kara Kutu<\/em> i\u00e7indeki savlarda h\u00e2l\u00e2 ma\u011fdur edebiyat\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki hacamat, s\u00fcl\u00fck ve \u00fcf\u00fcr\u00fck i\u015finde acaba Rockefeller parma\u011f\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r? Ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devletin bile bunlar\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenince, bu alana da el atar m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7
\n<\/strong>Prof. Dr. Adnan Erku\u015f y\u0131llar \u00f6nce \u201cAlternatif t\u0131p olgusu sadece insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomik boyutta de\u011fil, felsefi boyutu da i\u00e7ermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. T\u0131bbi boyuttan hareketle bilim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bir felsefeye dayanak olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.\u201d demi\u015fti. (Bu saptamay\u0131 ders notlar\u0131m aras\u0131na y\u0131llar \u00f6nce ald\u0131m, ama ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m kayna\u011f\u0131 ve tarihi an\u0131msayam\u0131yorum). Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a t\u0131p bilimi kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r ve aralarda gizlice kadim bilgi, alternatif t\u0131p, tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u0131p \u00f6vg\u00fcleriyle bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131n yerine ba\u015fka bir t\u0131p koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u0131p bilimi, di\u011fer bilimlerden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011fine g\u00f6re, t\u00fcmden bilim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7mamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cAlternatif y\u00f6ntemler ile uzla\u015fmak yerine, insanlar\u0131 bu y\u00f6ntemlere iten sa\u011fl\u0131k altyap\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek, bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak, halk\u0131n e\u011fitim sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek, alternatif y\u00f6ntemlerde daha iyi i\u015fliyor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, kendi kendine telkini, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n niye i\u015fletemedi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekir.\u201d (H\u00fcseyin Batuhan, Bilim ve \u015earlatanl\u0131k<\/em>)<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fun, sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki yozla\u015fman\u0131n Rockefeller\u2019den kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek kolayc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r, okuyucunun inan\u0131verme zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmakt\u0131r. Komplo teorilerine inanmak, ger\u00e7ek nedenleri bulmam\u0131za engel olur.<\/p>\n

Kara Kutu<\/em>\u2019nun sonu\u00e7 sayfalar\u0131nda okuyuculara \u00f6nerilen, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda t\u0131p e\u011fitimine ba\u015flayan ve \u00fclkemizde bir t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinden mezun olan, profes\u00f6r doktor oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen (onursal) profes\u00f6r doktoru, ayn\u0131 Soner Yal\u00e7\u0131n gibi, ben de tan\u0131man\u0131z\u0131 isterim: Yukar\u0131da verdi\u011fim ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak Kara Kutu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u00e7indeki ger\u00e7ek Sakl\u0131 Se\u00e7ilmi\u015fler bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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H\u00fcseyin Batuhan\u2019\u0131n \u201cBilim ve \u015earlatanl\u0131k\u201d adl\u0131 eseri okunmal\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00d6neri
\n<\/strong>T\u0131p fak\u00fcltesinde hastalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren de\u011ferli hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u015fu slogan\u0131n\u0131 duyduk. \u201cHastal\u0131k yoktur, hasta vard\u0131r.\u201d Bu slogan, hastalar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca hastal\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rmemek, onlar\u0131n birey oldu\u011funu unutmamak, onlar\u0131 sa\u011falt\u0131rken ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, cinsiyetlerini, mesleklerini, yanda\u015f hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, iyile\u015fmekten ne anlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek, onlar\u0131 iyile\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 yapmak gerekti\u011fini anlat\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcyorum ki, slogan\u0131n tam tersi etkisi olmu\u015f. Birileri duyunca, ger\u00e7ekten hastal\u0131klar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k bilimcilerinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleriyle oynayarak hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten hastal\u0131k uydurdu\u011funu sanm\u0131\u015f. Bu nedenle t\u00fcm bilimcilere bu slogan\u0131n yerine, yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmayacak ba\u015fka bir slogan bulmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyorum.<\/p>\n

Son not ve te\u015fekk\u00fcr
\n<\/strong>Say\u0131n H\u00fcseyin Batuhan\u2019\u0131n Bilim ve \u015earlatanl\u0131k<\/em> adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fimden beri ba\u015fucu kitab\u0131md\u0131r. Anlat\u0131m\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda bazen ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozmamak ad\u0131na, bazen ayr\u0131m\u0131nda olmadan, kendisinden yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m her al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 belirtmemi\u015f olabilirim. Okuyucular\u0131n H\u00fcseyin Batuhan ve Cumhur Ertekin\u2019i tan\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131 ve yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 okumalar\u0131n\u0131 sal\u0131k veririm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kara Kutu adl\u0131 kitapta s\u00f6ylenenin tersine, as\u0131l bilime alternatif g\u00f6sterilen y\u00f6ntemler birer dogma olup kendi kendini yenileyemezler. Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 denen y\u00f6ntemler bilimsel t\u0131bb\u0131 ancak eksiltir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bilimsel y\u00f6ntemle denetlenemeyen bu s\u00f6zde t\u0131p, \u015farlatanlar\u0131n rahat\u00e7a at ko\u015fturduklar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f alanlard\u0131r. \u015earlatanlar bilimsel s\u00fcre\u00e7, kan\u0131t, \u00f6l\u00e7me y\u00f6ntemlerini bu y\u00fczden hi\u00e7 sevmezler. Bilime a\u00e7\u0131ktan sald\u0131ramayanlar\u0131n gizliden gizliye bilimsel t\u0131bba […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2255,"featured_media":39286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5692,19,38],"tags":[4967,5694,4703,5695],"class_list":["post-39285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-191-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-bilimsel-dusunce","tag-kara-kutu","tag-sarlatanlik","tag-soner-yalcin"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39285","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2255"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39285\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}