{"id":40054,"date":"2020-01-30T18:35:30","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T15:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=40054"},"modified":"2020-01-30T18:40:35","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T15:40:35","slug":"bes-baslikta-nijeryadaki-lassa-atesi-salgini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/01\/30\/bes-baslikta-nijeryadaki-lassa-atesi-salgini","title":{"rendered":"Be\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131kta Nijerya’daki Lassa ate\u015fi salg\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan beri \u00f6zellikle de Nijerya\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6zlenen Lassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131yor. Ocak ay\u0131nda \u00fclkenin 19 eyaletinde 258 vaka tespit edildi\u011fi ve 41 ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi nedir?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi (Lassa fever) Arenaviridae ailesinin bir \u00fcyesi olan Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k \u015fiddetli kanamaya sebep olur.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi, Gana, Gine, Liberya, Mali, Sierra Leone, Togo ve Nijerya gibi Bat\u0131 Afrika \u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6zlenir. Hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalananlarda \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fczde birdir. Hastaneye yat\u0131r\u0131lan ileri a\u015famalardaki hastalar\u0131n hastanelerde \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 15 oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bu oran\u0131n y\u00fczde 25\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelik tedavi metotlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fkal\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi ilk olarak 1950\u2019lerde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Lassa ate\u015fine neden olan vir\u00fcs 1969 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar belirlenememi\u015ftir. Lassa ate\u015fine neden olan vir\u00fcs, Arenaviridae isimli vir\u00fcs ailesinin \u00fcyesi olan bir RNA vir\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan insanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 80\u2019inde hastal\u0131k semptomlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Ancak vir\u00fcs\u00fcn hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 form kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle de karaci\u011fer, dalak ve b\u00f6brekler \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu kaydedilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kulu\u00e7ka s\u00fcresi 2 ila 21 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n semptomlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek ate\u015f, halsizlik, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kas ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, bulant\u0131 ve kusma ile ishal g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerledi\u011fi vakalarda y\u00fczde b\u00f6lgesel \u015fi\u015fme, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tansiyon, akci\u011ferde s\u0131v\u0131 birikmesi, burun kanamas\u0131, \u00fcreme ve sindirim sistemi k\u00f6kenli kanamalar g\u00f6zlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n son evrelerinde \u015fok, n\u00f6bet, titreme gibi durumlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi ve hastalar\u0131n komaya girdi\u011fi raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 atlatan hastalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 25\u2019inde i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 g\u00f6zlenir. Bu vakalar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015fitme kayb\u0131 ge\u00e7icidir. Ayr\u0131ca tedavi d\u00f6neminde sa\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi ve y\u00fcr\u00fcme bozukluklar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ifade edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi ise, di\u011fer viral hemorajik ate\u015f (vir\u00fcs k\u00f6kenli kanamal\u0131 ate\u015f) hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak nadiren g\u00f6zlenen hastal\u0131klardan de\u011fildir. Bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde y\u00fcz binlerce ki\u015finin enfeksiyon ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve binlerce insan\u0131n da bu hastal\u0131k nedeniyle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi kaydedilmi\u015ftir.
\nLassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olan vir\u00fcs\u00fcn Mastomys natalensis<\/em> isimli kemirgenden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu canl\u0131n\u0131n vir\u00fcs i\u00e7eren d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131na maruz kal\u0131nmas\u0131 ve enfekte olmu\u015f insanlar\u0131n v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 yoluyla vir\u00fcs yay\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olan vir\u00fcs ve \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fc, viral hemorajik ate\u015fe neden oldu\u011fu bilinen vir\u00fcslerden biridir. Bu hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan 25\u2019ten fazla vir\u00fcs vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Lassa vir\u00fcsleri, zarf yap\u0131s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan tek iplikli RNA vir\u00fcsleridir. Lassa mammarenavir\u00fcs<\/em> \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmay\u0131 geciktiren kontrol mekanizmas\u0131na sahiptir. Vir\u00fcs \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan genom dizilime \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 soy hatt\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu d\u00f6rt soydan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc Nijerya\u2019da, di\u011feri ise Gine, Liberya ve Sierra Leone\u2019de tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Nijerya\u2019dan elde edilen \u00f6rneklerin di\u011fer \u00f6rne\u011fin ata formu oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 arenavir\u00fcslerin ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne benzerdir.<\/p>\n

Arenavir\u00fcsler ve \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Arenavir\u00fcsler, enfeksiyon kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak hareket eden bir dizi vir\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7eren bir vir\u00fcs ailesidir. Genellikle hayvanlar \u00fczerinde etkili olan zoonotik patojenlerdir. Vir\u00fcs\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan kemirgenlerin v\u00fccudunda d\u00f6k\u00fclmeler g\u00f6zlenir, kemirgenlerde genellikle \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl de\u011fildir. Farelerde (Mus musculus<\/em>) enfeksiyon \u00f6m\u00fcr boyunca ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ancak bu canl\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda insanlarda g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi gibi salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi yoktur.<\/p>\n

Arenaviridae ailesi, insanlarda \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hemorajik (kanamal\u0131) ate\u015flerden baz\u0131lar\u0131na sebep olur. En yayg\u0131n bilinenleri Lassa ate\u015fi ve Lujo ate\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fine neden olan Lassa mammarenavir\u00fcs<\/em>, Mammarenavirus cinsinin bir \u00fcyesidir. Mammarenavirus cinsi, hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 etkisi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok say\u0131da t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015finin te\u015fhisi ve tedavi metotlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Lassa ate\u015finin semptomlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlidir ve hastal\u0131\u011fa \u00f6zg\u00fc semptomlar bulunmaz. Bu nedenle hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n erken evrelerde te\u015fhisi zordur. Ayr\u0131ca Lassa ate\u015fini, di\u011fer vir\u00fcs kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan ve y\u00fcksek ate\u015fe neden olan s\u0131tma ve sar\u0131 humma gibi hastal\u0131klardan ay\u0131rt etmek de zordur.<\/p>\n

Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Laboratuvar \u00f6rnekleri incelemeyi yapan laborantlar i\u00e7in de tehlike arz edebilir, bu nedenle \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Lassa ate\u015finin te\u015fhisi i\u00e7in genellikle ELISA testi, RT-PCR, antijen belirleme testleri, h\u00fccre k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fcne ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Lassa ate\u015fine neden olan vir\u00fcs\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan kemirgenlerle temas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak hastal\u0131ktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Etkili y\u00f6ntemler aras\u0131nda tah\u0131l ve g\u0131da maddelerinin sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin kemirgenlerin giri\u015fini engelleyecek \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 da var. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nleyici y\u00f6ntem ise enfekte olmu\u015f ki\u015filerle temas\u0131n -\u00f6zellikle de v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 yoluyla temas\u0131n- engellenmesidir.<\/p>\n

Lassa ate\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir antiviral tedavi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Lassa ate\u015fi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ila\u00e7 vard\u0131r ancak bu ila\u00e7 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkilerini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6neliktir. Lassa ate\u015fi i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir tedaviye h\u00e2l\u00e2 ihtiya\u00e7 var, biliminsanlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k y\u00fckseltici tedavi metotlar\u0131 ve hastal\u0131k \u00f6nleyici a\u015f\u0131lar geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcncel durumu<\/strong><\/h4>\n

30 Ocak g\u00fcn\u00fc itibariyle Lassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 42\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumda. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle \u00fclkenin 19 eyaletinde toplam 258 enfeksiyon vakas\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Nijerya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Lassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndan endi\u015fe duyuldu\u011fu ifade ederek acil durum ilan\u0131nda bulundu. Salg\u0131nla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedildi.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780124169753000042
\nhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/lassa-fever\/#tab=tab_2
\nhttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780128012383026167
\nhttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/B9780123751560000308<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2020 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan beri \u00f6zellikle de Nijerya\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak g\u00f6zlenen Lassa ate\u015fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131yor. Ocak ay\u0131nda \u00fclkenin 19 eyaletinde 258 vaka tespit edildi\u011fi ve 41 ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Lassa ate\u015fi nedir? Lassa ate\u015fi (Lassa fever) Arenaviridae ailesinin bir \u00fcyesi olan Lassa vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k \u015fiddetli kanamaya sebep olur. Lassa ate\u015fi, Gana, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":40055,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[5805,1875,5060,5804,5803],"class_list":["post-40054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-arenavirusler","tag-enfeksiyon","tag-kemirgen","tag-lassa-atesi","tag-lassa-virusu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t