{"id":40147,"date":"2020-02-06T13:20:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-06T10:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=40147"},"modified":"2020-02-06T13:45:11","modified_gmt":"2020-02-06T10:45:11","slug":"elazig-depremi-uzerine-kayiplar-fay-yapisi-oncu-artci-depremler-ve-sonrasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/02\/06\/elazig-depremi-uzerine-kayiplar-fay-yapisi-oncu-artci-depremler-ve-sonrasi","title":{"rendered":"Elaz\u0131\u011f depremi \u00fczerine: Kay\u0131plar, fay yap\u0131s\u0131, \u00f6nc\u00fc\/art\u00e7\u0131 depremler ve sonras\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Haluk Eyido\u011fan<\/strong>
\nDr. Tiegan Hobbs, Deprem Risk Bilimi Uzman\u0131, Temblor<\/strong><\/p>\n

24 Ocak 2020 g\u00fcn\u00fc 17:55\u2019de Elaz\u0131\u011f’\u0131n Do\u011fanyol il\u00e7esi civar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 km derinli\u011finde 6.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem meydana geldi. Y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar nedeniyle 41 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. Elaz\u0131\u011f, Malatya ve Diyarbak\u0131r’da 1.607 ki\u015finin yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi [1]. Bununla birlikte, yerel arama ve kurtarman\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131 nedeniyle, 45 ki\u015fi y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f binalardan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay\u0131 ile Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (AFAD) ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerine acil durum yard\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir [1,2]. \u015eu anda okullarda, spor tesislerinde, yurtlarda, \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda ve kamu s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak alanlar\u0131nda bar\u0131nma sa\u011flayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 ki\u015fi evsizdir [2].<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eEK\u0130L 1: T\u00fcrkiye’nin do\u011fusundaki karma\u015f\u0131k jeolojik yap\u0131 ve faylanmalar, Arap Levhas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrasya Levhas\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 kuzeye do\u011fru hareketi ve sol yanl\u0131 Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u2019\u0131 (EAFZ) boyunca kaymas\u0131 neden olur (3, 4).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’yi par\u00e7alayan tektonik levhalar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>
\nBu zarar verici depreme acaba ne neden oldu? Do\u011fu Akdeniz Avrasya, Afrika, Arap ve Anadolu Levhalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda devam eden hareketin bir sonucu olarak karma\u015f\u0131k bir jeolojik yap\u0131 sergilemektedir. Bu hareket sonucunda Anadolu Levhas\u0131’nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u0131r\u0131lmalar ve faylar olu\u015fmakta ve bu faylar boyunca bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck deprem meydana gelmektedir. Anadolu\u2019da iki b\u00fcy\u00fck fay deprem tehlikesi y\u00fcksek dereceli ku\u015faklar\u0131 belirler: Kuzey Anadolu Fay\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131 (\u015eekil 1). Bu iki fay, Anadolu Levhas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Afrika ve Arap Levhalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan hareketin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenir. Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na 580 kilometrelik uzunlu\u011fundaki bu hareketin \u00fc\u00e7te biri ile \u00fc\u00e7te ikisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir (25-35 milimetre\/y\u0131l) (3, 4). 24 Ocak 2020 depremi, 1875 ve 1905 y\u0131llar\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla 6.7 ve 6.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fan depremlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sincik-Sivrice par\u00e7as\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur (5, 6).<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eEK\u0130L 2: 24 Ocak 2020 depreminin \u00f6nc\u00fc depremleri, ana depremi ve art\u00e7\u0131 depremlerinin haritada g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc (\u00fcstte) ve tarihe g\u00f6re (altta) de\u011fi\u015fimi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Binlerce ki\u015fi evsiz kal\u0131rken iyile\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor<\/strong>
\nDepremden hemen sonra 1.030 teknik personel 30.000’den fazla binay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rarak sahada hasar tespiti yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tespitlere g\u00f6re 547 bina \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f, 6.270 bina a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve 962 bina da orta derecede hasar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [2]. Bu depremden dolay\u0131 Malatya ve Elaz\u0131\u011f dahil edildi\u011finde depremden \u015fu ya da bu \u015fekilde etkilenenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 900 bin ki\u015fiye ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte bir \u015fehirde kuvvetli bir depremin olmas\u0131 sonucu bir haftada 713 binan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 anda i\u015fletmeleri kesintiye u\u011fratmas\u0131 ve halk\u0131 psikolojik travmaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesi etkinin ne boyutta olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bu ama\u00e7la, T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay ve AFAD 251 psiko-sosyal destek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 depremden etkilenen b\u00f6lgelerde kap\u0131 kap\u0131 dola\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir (2).<\/p>\n

G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sars\u0131nt\u0131lar s\u00fcr\u00fcyor<\/strong>
\n24 Ocak’taki Mw:6.8\u2019lik depremden sonra 28 Ocak\u2019a kadar AFAD taraf\u0131ndan 1.0 ile 5.1 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte 1.040 art\u00e7\u0131 deprem kaydedildi. 24 Ocak 2020’den itibaren art\u00e7\u0131 depremler Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131 boyunca Sivrice’den P\u00fct\u00fcrge’ye do\u011fru 50 kilometre boyunca yay\u0131l\u0131rken, fay\u0131n iki taraf\u0131na do\u011fru toplam 30 kilometrelik bir alana ta\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u015eekil 2).<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eEK\u0130L 3: Deprem b\u00f6lgesinin uydu veri haritas\u0131 (7).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ana depremden \u00f6nce \u00f6nc\u00fc deprem etkinli\u011fi ba\u015flad\u0131<\/strong>
\nDeprem verilerini geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak inceledi\u011fimizde, 22 Aral\u0131k 2019’de ana depremden 33 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, ana depremin d\u0131\u015fmerkezine yak\u0131n konumda Do\u011fanyol civar\u0131nda M:4.9 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir depremle ba\u015flayan bir \u00f6nc\u00fc deprem etkinli\u011fi olu\u015ftu\u011funu bulduk. \u00d6nc\u00fc deprem etkinli\u011fi 22 Ocak 2020’ye kadar azalarak s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bunu takiben 24 Ocak 2020’de Do\u011fanyol merkezli Mw:6.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ana deprem olu\u015ftu (\u015eekil 2). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki kuvvetli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck depremlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde benzer \u00f6nc\u00fc deprem etkinlikleri daha \u00f6nce de g\u00f6zlenmi\u015fti (1995 Dinar, Afyon ve 2010 Kovanc\u0131lar, Elaz\u0131\u011f depremleri).<\/p>\n

Deprem b\u00f6lgesinin uydu verileri incelendi\u011finde Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n P\u00fct\u00fcrge Fay par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n orta k\u0131sm\u0131 boyunca en az 70 santimetre g\u00f6receli yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir (\u015eekil 3).<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eEK\u0130L 4: T\u00fcrkiye’nin do\u011fusundaki aktif faylar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc (Kaynak:MTA). Mavi renkteki daireler, aletsel kay\u0131t d\u00f6neminde (1900 sonras\u0131) Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131 boyunca Mw:6.0 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde meydana gelen depremleri g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131 \u00fczerindeki sismik bo\u015fluk<\/strong>
\n1900 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131’n\u0131n Sivrice G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kuzeyinde kalan kesimi bir\u00e7ok kuvvetli deprem ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u015eekil 4). Her ne kadar t\u00fcm Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131’na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda tarihsel depremler fay ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir\u00e7ok yerde bulunmakla birlikte, g\u00fcney par\u00e7as\u0131 1908 depremi ile son 24 Ocak 2020 depremi aras\u0131nda nispeten sessiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (8). \u0130\u015fte bu son depremle sismik bo\u015flu\u011fun (deprem olmadan beklenenden daha uzun bir s\u00fcredir hareket etmeyen fay alan\u0131) dolduruldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bilinen en son g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc depremin 500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 1513 y\u0131l\u0131nda oldu\u011fu (8, 9) ve bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde sessiz kalan P\u00fct\u00fcrge-Kahramanmara\u015f-\u0130sl\u00e2hiye aras\u0131ndaki sismik bo\u015flu\u011fun yeniden faaliyete ge\u00e7me olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok yerbilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar gerekiyor. San\u0131r\u0131m \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llar P\u00fct\u00fcrge\u2019nin \u00f6tesinde, g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya uzanan Do\u011fu Anadolu Fay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yarataca\u011f\u0131 deprem tehlikesinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yerbilimciler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir konu olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

* Eyido\u011fan, H. ve Hobbs, T., 2020. <\/em>Recovery Underway Following Damaging 24 January 2020 Elaz\u0131\u011f Earthquake in Eastern Turkey, <\/strong><\/em>https:\/\/temblor.net\/earthquake-insights\/recovery-underway-following-damaging-24-january-2020-elazig-earthquake-in-eastern-turkey-10478\/<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency Situation Report on January 26th, 2020. https:\/\/en.afad.gov.tr\/press-release-17–response-and-rehabilitation-continues-in-the-aftermath-of-earthquake-in-elazig-and-malatya<\/p>\n

2) Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency Authority Situation Report on January 30th, 2020. https:\/\/en.afad.gov.tr\/press-release-rehabilitation-efforts-in-elazig-and-malatya-quake-zones-continue<\/p>\n

3) Stein, R. S., Barka, A. A. & Dieterich, J. H., 1997. Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 128, Issue 3, March 1997, Pages 594\u2013604, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1997.tb05321.x<\/p>\n

4) Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Eken, T., Janssen, C., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, T., & Dresen, G. (2012). The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B7).<\/p>\n

5) Duman, T.Y. & Emre, \u00d6., 2013. The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 372, 495-529.<\/p>\n

6) Taymaz, T., Eyido\u011fan, H. & Jackson, J., 1991. Source Parameters of Large Earthquakes in The East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey), Geophysical Journal International, Volume 106, Issue 3, September 1991, Pages 537-550.<\/p>\n

7) Sotiris Valkaniotis (https:\/\/twitter.com\/SotisValkan) and the ESA (https:\/\/www.esa.int\/)<\/p>\n

8) \u00d6zer, C\u0327., C\u0327ak\u0131c\u0131, H. & Kocadag\u0306\u0131stan, E., 2020. 24 January 2020 (20:55 TS) Mw6.8 Elaz\u0131\u011f-Do\u011fanyol, Eastern Turkey Earthquake, Evaluation Report, Atat\u00fcrk University Earthquake Research Center, 26.01.2020 Erzurum, 20 pages (in Turkish).<\/p>\n

9) Nalbant, S.S, McCloskey, J., Steacy, S. &. Barka, A. A., 2002. Stress accumulation and increased seismic risk in eastern Turkey Earth and Planetary Science Letters 195 (2002) 29-298.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. Haluk Eyido\u011fan Dr. Tiegan Hobbs, Deprem Risk Bilimi Uzman\u0131, Temblor 24 Ocak 2020 g\u00fcn\u00fc 17:55\u2019de Elaz\u0131\u011f’\u0131n Do\u011fanyol il\u00e7esi civar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 km derinli\u011finde 6.8 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir deprem meydana geldi. Y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar nedeniyle 41 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. Elaz\u0131\u011f, Malatya ve Diyarbak\u0131r’da 1.607 ki\u015finin yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi [1]. Bununla birlikte, yerel arama ve kurtarman\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131t\u0131 nedeniyle, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":429,"featured_media":40153,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[691,5812,5811,5810,5813],"class_list":["post-40147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-deprem","tag-doganyol","tag-dogu-anadolu-fayi","tag-elazig","tag-sivrice-golu"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/429"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40153"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}