{"id":40503,"date":"2020-02-29T00:00:55","date_gmt":"2020-02-28T21:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=40503"},"modified":"2020-02-28T15:36:20","modified_gmt":"2020-02-28T12:36:20","slug":"insanin-tarihine-bilimsel-bakis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/02\/29\/insanin-tarihine-bilimsel-bakis","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nsan\u0131n tarihine bilimsel bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel\u2019in uzun bir s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda emek harcayarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 <em>\u201cKemirgenlerden S\u00f6m\u00fcrgenlere \u0130NSANLIK TAR\u0130H\u0130\u201d <\/em>bu eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hak eden ve \u00f6zellikle insan\u0131n tarihine d\u00f6n\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan okurlar i\u00e7in ciddi bir k\u00fclliyat anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihini maddi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle biyokimyasal evrimden, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimini ise ilkel topluluktan itibaren anlatmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla\u201d \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi\u201d i\u00e7in sarf edilebilecek ilk s\u00f6z, onun d\u00fcnya tarihini b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl olarak ele alma ve yorumlama \u00e7abas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bilindi\u011fi gibi bilimsel tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcst yap\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n topluma anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmi ve s\u00f6ylencelerle bezeli ideolojik anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tamam\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 kendine rehber edinen bir noktada olmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu anlamda b\u00fct\u00fcnsel ve kronolojik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi ile ele al\u0131nan \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7eri\u011finde insan odakl\u0131 bir kapsam ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak farkl\u0131 ve \u00f6nem arz eden bir anlay\u0131\u015f itibariyle Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndaki kimi kronolojik kesitleri salt vakan\u00fcvist bir anlay\u0131\u015fla de\u011fil olaylar\u0131n maddi belirleniminin birbirleriyle olan ili\u015fkisine dayand\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu diyalektik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak insan\u0131n biyolojik evriminin tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplum bi\u00e7imine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecek olmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemle \u00e7izen \u015eenel, birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bu tarihsel s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel esaslara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011fin de anla\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kurgusu, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ulus\u00e7u, dinci, bat\u0131c\u0131 tarih anlat\u0131mlar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 olarak maddenin biyokimyasal evrimi ile ba\u015flamakta olup, genel olarak canl\u0131lar\u0131n evrimine odaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan\u0131n insan olma s\u00fcrecinin kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrim evresi ise \u201ce\u015fitlik\u00e7i &#8211; kararl\u0131 denge yasas\u0131\u201d uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6rece dura\u011fan yap\u0131l\u0131 \u201cilkel topluluk ile\u201d giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretilip aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fitsizlik\u00e7i, dinamik \u201cuygar toplum\u201d d\u00f6nemlerine b\u00f6l\u00fcnerek inceleniyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Ben neyim? Biz neyiz?<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda do\u011fru sorular\u0131n do\u011fru y\u00f6ntemle do\u011fru yan\u0131tlar aranarak cevaplanabilece\u011fini vurgulayan Alaeddin \u015eenel, ya\u015fam yolumuzda yak\u0131n gereksinimlerimizi kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cBen kimim?\u201d, \u201cNereden geldik, nereye gidiyoruz?\u201d, \u201cAma\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z neler?\u201d, vb gibi cevap aranan sorulara yan\u0131tlar vermekle birlikte, bu yan\u0131tlar\u0131n bizatihi ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde gizli oldu\u011funu kavratma pe\u015findedir. Bu anlamda biyolojik evrimin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 anlamada \u00f6nemli bir mihenk ta\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koyan \u015eenel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimde egemen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l bir etkide bulundu\u011funa da dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131 ile birlikte \u201cBen neyim\u201d sorusu ise daha detayl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fma noktalar\u0131na da de\u011finen Alaeddin \u015eenel, Aristoteles\u2019in \u201ctoplumsal hayvan\u201d tan\u0131mlamas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan tarihsel kimi serimlemelerin i\u00e7ine dalarak o ve ondan sonraki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n\u0131n aray\u0131p bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131tlar \u00fczerine de odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise \u201cTarih nedir, ne de\u011fildir?\u201d sorusuna bilimsel yan\u0131tlar aramakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Her konu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 merak<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong>Alaeddin \u015eenel\u2019in bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimi kaynaklar itibariyle okuyucuyu yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma mecralar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirecek bir itenek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rmektedir. \u0130\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma noktalar\u0131 ise ortaya koydu\u011fu kimi tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve sahiplerinin genel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine odaklan\u0131rken, \u00f6zellikle din, devlet, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, s\u0131n\u0131f gibi kavramlar \u00fczerinde hararetle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kimi noktalara olan ilginin artmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla okuyucu, \u015eenel\u2019in sat\u0131r aralar\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu notlarla daha geni\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapma duygusuna kap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eenel kapsay\u0131c\u0131 tarih anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ana omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken ku\u015fkusuz farkl\u0131 disiplinlerin birbiriyle olan ili\u015fkisinden de faydalanmaktad\u0131r. \u201cEvrim Biyolojisi\u201d, \u201cAntropoloji\u201d, \u201cArkeoloji\u201d, \u201cT\u0131p\u201d, \u201cFizik ve Kimya\u201d gibi dallar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine alan bir anlay\u0131\u015fla bu alanlar\u0131n insanl\u0131k tarihine katk\u0131lar\u0131 ve dahas\u0131 insan\u0131 bilme anlam\u0131nda y\u00fcklendikleri i\u015flevi de mercek alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Bu kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k onun ayn\u0131 zamanda normatif disiplinler (Hukuk, felsefe) ve etik de\u011ferler \u00fczerine oturttu\u011fu materyalist anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eenel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde ise End\u00fcstri uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fe odaklanarak bu d\u00f6nemin k\u00f6keni ve uygar toplumun i\u00e7inde yatan dinamikleri ele almaktad\u0131r. End\u00fcstri uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n feodal Avrupa k\u00f6kenleri ve kapitalist burjuva toplumuna ge\u00e7i\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ana hatlar\u0131yla ele alan bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise \u00fcretim teknolojisi anlam\u0131nda makinele\u015fmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 birikim ve ticari kapitalizmin end\u00fcstri kapitalizmine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri alan\u0131nda \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine de girer. \u015eenel, \u00f6zellikle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 konusunu ise Marks\u2019\u0131n \u201cYabanc\u0131la\u015fma\u201d kavram\u0131 ekseninde de\u011ferlendirerek, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sisteminin evrimle\u015fen \u00fcst yap\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimine de mercek tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel\u2019in <em>\u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi<\/em>, esas itibariyle d\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne devral\u0131nan bilimsel yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n birikimi \u00fczerinden \u015fekillenirken bir rehber niteli\u011finde ele al\u0131nan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel sistemati\u011fin kurgusudur. Bu anlamda bir ba\u015fucu klasi\u011fi olmakla birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan \u201cNe Yapmal\u0131?\u201d sorusuna verilecek yan\u0131t\u0131n ise bir bi\u00e7imiyle zemin in\u015fas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kemirgenlerden S\u00f6m\u00fcrgenlere \u201c<\/strong><strong>\u0130NSANLIK TAR\u0130H\u0130\u201d<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>\u0130mge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2006, 1.Bask\u0131, 1107 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel\u2019in uzun bir s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda emek harcayarak kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKemirgenlerden S\u00f6m\u00fcrgenlere \u0130NSANLIK TAR\u0130H\u0130\u201d bu eme\u011fin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hak eden ve \u00f6zellikle insan\u0131n tarihine d\u00f6n\u00fck ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan okurlar i\u00e7in ciddi bir k\u00fclliyat anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tarihini maddi y\u00f6n\u00fcyle biyokimyasal evrimden, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimini ise ilkel topluluktan itibaren anlatmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla\u201d \u0130nsanl\u0131k Tarihi\u201d i\u00e7in sarf [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":185,"featured_media":40504,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5844,38,513,510,511],"tags":[2656,230],"class_list":["post-40503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-193-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-alaeddin-senel","tag-insanlik-tarihi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/185"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40503"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40503\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}