{"id":40592,"date":"2020-03-08T03:20:59","date_gmt":"2020-03-08T00:20:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=40592"},"modified":"2020-03-06T12:41:31","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T09:41:31","slug":"hubblein-annesi-nancy-roman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/03\/08\/hubblein-annesi-nancy-roman","title":{"rendered":"Hubble\u2019\u0131n annesi: Nancy Roman"},"content":{"rendered":"

NASA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6kbilim dal\u0131ndaki ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Nancy Roman, Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nun (HUT) erken d\u00f6nem geli\u015fmelerini y\u00f6netti.<\/p>\n

93 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fama veda eden Nancy Roman NASA\u2019n\u0131n ilk g\u00f6kbilim ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Nancy Roman, ayn\u0131 zamanda Amerika\u2019n\u0131n uzay ajans\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netici konumundaki ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131r ve Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nun tasarlanmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesiyle sorumlu y\u00f6netim kurulunda g\u00f6zetim g\u00f6revindeydi. Bu g\u00f6revi nedeniyle NASA, Nancy Roman i\u00e7in \u201cHubble\u2019\u0131n annesi\u201d tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uzay ajans\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan alt\u0131 ay sonra Nancy Roman, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda NASA\u2019ya kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve uzaydan g\u00f6kbilim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n programlanmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi g\u00f6revine atand\u0131. Nancy, ABD\u2019nin t\u00fcm eyaletlerini dola\u015farak de\u011fi\u015fik \u00fcniversitelerdeki g\u00f6kbilimcilerle konu\u015fup onlar\u0131n isteklerini dinledi. Nancy, g\u00f6kbilimcilerle uzaydan yap\u0131lacak g\u00f6zlemlerin avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 da anlatt\u0131; uzayda g\u00f6k cisminin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bulan\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131racak atmosfer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6zlemleri yar\u0131m g\u00fcn durduran g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

Nancy Roman, 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda 30 g\u00f6kbilimciyi ve NASA m\u00fchendislerini bir araya getirerek b\u00fcy\u00fck, genel-ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir uzay teleskopu fikrini tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7t\u0131. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen uzay teleskopunun ederi, en b\u00fcy\u00fck yer konu\u015flu teleskopun ederinin 20 kat\u0131 olacakt\u0131, bu nedenle kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n herkese sa\u011fduyulu gelecek bir sonuca ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi. G\u00f6kbilimciler uzay teleskopunun ne i\u00e7in kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fchendisler de b\u00f6ylesi bir ayg\u0131t\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131labilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmeliydiler. Biliminsanlar\u0131 ve m\u00fchendisler ayn\u0131 teknik dili konu\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan Nancy Roman onlar i\u00e7in yorumlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

Bu bulu\u015fma uzay teleskopunun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel oldu, ancak baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli teknolojilerin kesin olarak geli\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in projenin tamamlanmas\u0131 1970 y\u0131l\u0131na dek uzad\u0131. Yeni teknolojilerden birisi, ilk dijital kameray\u0131 olas\u0131 k\u0131lan CCD \u00e7ipleriydi. CCD\u2019ler kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r duruma gelince, Nancy Roman Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nun yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in program\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Bu, \u00f6zen, dikkat isteyen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayd\u0131 ve teleskop 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda uzaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Nancy Roman NASA\u2019dan 11 y\u0131l \u00f6nce emekliye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak projenin dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131yd\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in sal\u0131k veren bir uzmand\u0131.<\/p>\n

11 ya\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6kbilim kul\u00fcb\u00fc kuruyor<\/strong>
\nNancy Roman, m\u00fczik e\u011fitmenli\u011fi yapan Georgia (Smith) ve jeofizik\u00e7i Irwin Roman\u2019\u0131n tek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olarak Tennessee eyaleti Nashville\u2019de do\u011fmu\u015ftu. Romanlar, baban\u0131n i\u015fi nedeniyle gezgin bir aileydi, Oklahoma, Teksas, New Jersey, Michigan ve Nevada eyaletlerinde doland\u0131lar. Nancy, Michigan eyaletindeyken annesinin onu do\u011faya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc an\u0131ms\u0131yordu. Anne, Nancy\u2019e ku\u015flar\u0131, bitkileri ve hayvanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kuzey \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyordu. Babas\u0131 Nancy\u2019nin do\u011fal ya\u015fama ili\u015fkin sorular\u0131n\u0131 bilimsel olarak yan\u0131tl\u0131yordu. Bu tav\u0131rlar Nancy\u2019nin merak\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Nancy Roman, 25 Aral\u0131k 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda 93 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken hayat\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nancy\u2019nin g\u00f6kbilime olan ilgisi ailenin Nevada eyaletine g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Evleri \u015fehir \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131ndan uzak Reno kenar\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve Nancy y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcleyicili\u011fine kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hen\u00fcz 11 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bir g\u00f6kbilim kul\u00fcb\u00fcnde birle\u015ftirdi. Kul\u00fcbe \u00fcye olanlar tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda birlikte kitap okuyacaklar ve ilgili tak\u0131my\u0131ld\u0131zlar i\u00e7indeki al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, dikkat \u00e7eken g\u00f6kcisimleri hakk\u0131nda bilgileneceklerdi. Nancy bu ilgisi nedeniyle halk k\u00fct\u00fcphanesine gidiyor, uzay ile ilgili kitaplar\u0131 hevesle okuyordu. B\u00f6ylece g\u00f6kbilimci olmaya karar verdi. Ancak, bu amaca do\u011fru gidi\u015f beklendi\u011fi kadar kolay de\u011fildi. Lisede Latince yerine cebir dersi almay\u0131 istedi. Bunun \u00fczerine dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 sert bir bi\u00e7imde sordu: \u201cNi\u00e7in Latince yerine matemati\u011fi se\u00e7iyorsun?\u201d<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131ndan g\u00f6kbilimci olur mu?<\/strong>
\nNancy okul ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca kad\u0131nlar\u0131n biliminsan\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Ancak, Pennsylvania\u2019daki Swarthmore Kolej\u2019de, biliminsan\u0131 olma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilk deste\u011fi ald\u0131. Bir g\u00fcn laboratuvarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken fizik b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015fkan\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n fizikten uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini itiraf ettikten sonra, Nancy\u2019nin \u201cfizikte ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na\u201d inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Nancy Roman 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6kbilim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden mezun oldu. Chicago \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne ge\u00e7tikten \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra g\u00f6kbilim dal\u0131nda doktoras\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve \u00fcniversitenin Yerkes G\u00f6zlemevi\u2019nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak, Yerkes G\u00f6zlemevi\u2019nde alt\u0131 y\u0131l profesyonel ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 sonras\u0131nda dahi gelece\u011fi g\u00fcvende de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Nancy, kal\u0131c\u0131 kadroda de\u011fildi, ilgili kadrolar\u0131n hep erkeklere verildi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fans Nancy\u2019e g\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, ABD H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin Washington DC\u2019deki Naval Research Laboratuvar\u0131 bir g\u00f6kbilimci ar\u0131yordu. Nancy kadroya ba\u015fvurdu ve al\u0131nd\u0131. D\u00f6rt y\u0131l sonra, yeni kurulan NASA\u2019n\u0131n uzay g\u00f6kbilim program\u0131 i\u00e7in bir g\u00f6kbilimci arad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duydu. Nancy yine kadroya al\u0131nd\u0131 ve NASA\u2019da erkeklerin kendisine e\u015fit davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyumsad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nun \u00f6nemi<\/strong>
\nHubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nda en \u00f6nemli noktaya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Nancy, \u00e7ok say\u0131da daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck uzay g\u00f6zlemevleri geli\u015ftirdi ve b\u00fct\u00e7elendirdi. \u00d6zellikle \u201cY\u00f6r\u00fcngede Dolanan G\u00f6kbilimsel G\u00f6zlemevi\u201d (Orbiting Astronomical Observatory) program\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda 1966-1972 d\u00f6neminde d\u00f6rt uzay g\u00f6zlemevi serisi uzaya f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu serideki uzay g\u00f6zlemevleri, Yer atmosferinin engellemesi nedeniyle, Yer konu\u015flu teleskoplarla g\u00f6zlenemeyen mor\u00f6te dalgaboylar\u0131nda g\u00f6kcisimlerinin ilk y\u00fcksek nitelikli g\u00f6zlemlerini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Hubble Uzay Teleskopu evrene ili\u015fkin bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ancak, bizim evrene ili\u015fkin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019ydu. Hubble Uzay Teleskopu elde etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle ve g\u00f6kbilimin t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131n\u0131 devrimci bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmesiyle kamunun hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Nancy Roman\u2019\u0131n 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131da uzay teleskopunun genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve eri\u015fece\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca onu kullanacak olan g\u00f6kbilimcilerin imgelem g\u00fcc\u00fcyle belirlenmesi gerekti\u011finde \u0131srarl\u0131 tavr\u0131 vard\u0131. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 15 y\u0131l olarak planlanan Hubble Uzay Teleskopu, \u015fimdi (2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda) 28. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nancy Roman, 25 Aral\u0131k 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> THE GUARDIAN<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NASA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6kbilim dal\u0131ndaki ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Nancy Roman, Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nun (HUT) erken d\u00f6nem geli\u015fmelerini y\u00f6netti. 93 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fama veda eden Nancy Roman NASA\u2019n\u0131n ilk g\u00f6kbilim ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r. Nancy Roman, ayn\u0131 zamanda Amerika\u2019n\u0131n uzay ajans\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netici konumundaki ilk kad\u0131nd\u0131r ve Hubble Uzay Teleskopu\u2019nun tasarlanmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesiyle sorumlu y\u00f6netim kurulunda g\u00f6zetim g\u00f6revindeydi. Bu g\u00f6revi nedeniyle NASA, Nancy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":40593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[2000,1062,5895,5894],"class_list":["post-40592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-gokbilim","tag-gozlemevi","tag-hubble-uzay-teleskopu","tag-nancy-roman"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t