{"id":40943,"date":"2020-03-25T14:37:09","date_gmt":"2020-03-25T11:37:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=40943"},"modified":"2020-03-25T14:38:13","modified_gmt":"2020-03-25T11:38:13","slug":"hayvanlarin-atasi-oldugu-dusunulen-canlinin-fosil-kalintilari-kesfedildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/03\/25\/hayvanlarin-atasi-oldugu-dusunulen-canlinin-fosil-kalintilari-kesfedildi","title":{"rendered":"Hayvanlar\u0131n atas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen canl\u0131n\u0131n fosil kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ke\u015ffedildi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n Adelaide kentinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 kilometre kuzeyinde bulunan Nilpena fosil alan\u0131ndaki eski kayal\u0131klar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli fosil bulgular\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Jeolog Reg Sprigg 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu kayal\u0131klarda yer alan fosilleri ke\u015ffetti\u011fi s\u0131rada asl\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Flinders Range’deki Ediakara d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin mineralleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu s\u0131rada buldu\u011fu yumu\u015fak g\u00f6vdeli canl\u0131lar o kadar \u00f6nemliydi ki, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Sprigg ve \u015fimdilerde Nilpena olarak bilinen sitenin ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise Kaliforniya Riverside \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden jeologlar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ekip, Nilpena\u2019da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en iyi bildi\u011fimiz hayvanlar\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren aile a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n ilk atas\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri bir canl\u0131y\u0131 ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

Ikaria wariootia<\/em> ismi verilen bu canl\u0131, bilateral \u00f6zellik g\u00f6steren yani v\u00fccut simetrisi bulunan ve ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla birbirlerine ba\u011flanan sindirim a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 olan bir organizmad\u0131r. S\u00fcngerler ve algler gibi en eski \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli organizmalar de\u011fi\u015fken v\u00fccut formlar\u0131na sahipti. \u201cEdikaran Biota\u201d olarak bilinen grup ise karma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u00fccreli organizmalar\u0131n en eski fosillerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu fosillerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki hayvanlarla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili de\u011fildir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise hayvanlar\u0131n evriminde kritik bir \u00f6neme sahip olan bilateral simetriye sahiptirler. Tarih boyunca solucanlardan b\u00f6ceklere, dinozorlara ve hatta insanlara kadar pek \u00e7ok hayvan, temelde ayn\u0131 bilateral v\u00fccut plan\u0131na sahiptir. Modern hayvanlar\u0131n genetik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen evrimsel biyologlar, bu \u00f6zelli\u011fin t\u00fcm bilateryenlerin en eski atalar\u0131nda da olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir hayvan\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015fabilmek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir ihtimaldi. Biliminsanlar\u0131 Nilpena\u2019daki 555 milyon y\u0131ll\u0131k Ediacaran D\u00f6nemi\u2019ne ait sahada yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada fosille\u015fmi\u015f yuvalar\u0131n bilateral simetri \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren bir hayvan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. Ancak bu yuvalar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen canl\u0131yla ilgili hi\u00e7bir ize ula\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
3 boyutlu taray\u0131c\u0131 ile elde edilen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu yuvalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oval yap\u0131lar oldu\u011funu fark ettiler. Bu oval yap\u0131lar\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in 3 boyutlu lazer taray\u0131c\u0131 kullanan biliminsanlar\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 2-7 milimetre uzunlu\u011funda ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 1-2.5 mm geni\u015fli\u011finde olan bir hayvan fosilini ke\u015ffetti. Bu canl\u0131 toplulu\u011funun en b\u00fcy\u00fck bireyleri bir pirin\u00e7 tanesi boyutundayd\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lan biliminsanlar\u0131ndan Scott Evans, \u201c3 boyutlu taramalar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir ke\u015fif yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 biliyorduk\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda bulundu. Bu canl\u0131ya verilen cins ad\u0131 i\u00e7in Adnyamathanha dilinde \u201cbulu\u015fma yeri\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cIkara\u201ddan esinlenildi. T\u00fcr ad\u0131 ise Flinders Range’den Nilpena\u2019ya uzanan Warioota Deresi’nden esinlenilerek belirlendi.<\/p>\n

Fosil kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ke\u015ffedilen canl\u0131, bu d\u00f6neme ait di\u011fer fosillerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. Canl\u0131n\u0131n yuva olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyuklar, oksijene ula\u015f\u0131labilecek konumda olan okyanus taban\u0131ndaki kum katmanlar\u0131nda oyulmu\u015ftu. Bu durum, s\u00f6z konusu canl\u0131n\u0131n ilkel duyusal yeteneklerini g\u00f6stermektedir. S\u00f6z konusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma Ulusal Bilimler Akademisi\u2019nin bir yay\u0131n\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/cosmosmagazine.com\/palaeontology\/animal-ancestor-primera<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n Adelaide kentinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 kilometre kuzeyinde bulunan Nilpena fosil alan\u0131ndaki eski kayal\u0131klar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli fosil bulgular\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Jeolog Reg Sprigg 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu kayal\u0131klarda yer alan fosilleri ke\u015ffetti\u011fi s\u0131rada asl\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Flinders Range’deki Ediakara d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin mineralleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu s\u0131rada buldu\u011fu yumu\u015fak g\u00f6vdeli canl\u0131lar o kadar \u00f6nemliydi ki, baz\u0131lar\u0131 Sprigg ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":40944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[5927,816,3279,555],"class_list":["post-40943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-bilateral","tag-fosil","tag-hayvan","tag-insan"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}