{"id":4112,"date":"2015-12-07T09:43:15","date_gmt":"2015-12-07T07:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=4112"},"modified":"2015-12-07T09:43:15","modified_gmt":"2015-12-07T07:43:15","slug":"uzak-galaksileri-asla-net-goremeyecek-miyiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2015\/12\/07\/uzak-galaksileri-asla-net-goremeyecek-miyiz","title":{"rendered":"Uzak galaksileri asla net g\u00f6remeyecek miyiz?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck teleskoplar\u0131m\u0131z olursa olsun, \u00e7ok uzak galaksiler daima bulan\u0131k g\u00f6z\u00fckebilir (<\/em>NASA\/Hubble<\/em>).<\/em><\/p>\n

Soru i\u015faretinin alt\u0131ndaki noktay\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyor musunuz? Peki birka\u00e7 metre uzaktan bakarsan\u0131z g\u00f6rebilir miydiniz? Ortalama bir insan g\u00f6z\u00fc, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 metre uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki nesneleri detaylar\u0131yla g\u00f6rebilir. Buna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck denir. G\u00f6z gibi optik bir sistemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6zlemlenen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n dalgaboyu ile \u0131\u015f\u0131k deli\u011finin (\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi aral\u0131k, yar\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fi) oran\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/p>\n

Astronomik g\u00f6zlemler i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli daha b\u00fcy\u00fck teleskoplara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckle do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir teleskop sadece daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k toplay\u0131p daha uzak mesafelerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011flamaz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k deli\u011fi daha iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc elde edilmesine olanak verir.<\/p>\n

Yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 ise, evrenin bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck limiti oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde. Ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck teleskoplar yaparsak yapal\u0131m en uzaktaki galaksileri istedi\u011fimiz temizlikte g\u00f6remeyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teleskoplar\u0131n sorunu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Very Large Teleskobu ve Keck Teleskobu gibi D\u00fcnya\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck optik (g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131k) teleskoplar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 m \u00e7apa sahiptir. G\u00fcndemde ise 30-40 m \u00e7aplar\u0131nda teleskoplar yapmak var. Ancak ortada bir sorun var: Kaynaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p teleskoplara ula\u015fan \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131\u00a0 yolculu\u011fu boyunca etkiye (pert\u00fcrbasyon, tedirgeme) maruz kal\u0131rsa, ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131\u015f\u0131k deli\u011fi olursa olsun, hi\u00e7bir zaman teorik olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen net g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclere ula\u015famayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bazen bize oyun oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin s\u0131v\u0131 dolu bir barda\u011fa pipet koydu\u011fumuzda, pipet k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uzaydan teleskoplara ula\u015fan \u0131\u015f\u0131k da atmosferden ge\u00e7erken k\u0131r\u0131lmalara u\u011frayarak astronomlar i\u00e7in sorun olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Kayal\u0131klara \u00e7arpan su dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi, atmosfer de dalgalar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Elektromanyetik dalgalar (\u0131\u015f\u0131k, elektromanyetik dalgad\u0131r) atmosferden ge\u00e7erken k\u0131r\u0131lmalara u\u011frar ve bulan\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc meydana gelir. Bu etki g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edildi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, teorik olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen azami \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe asla ula\u015f\u0131lamaz. Teleskoplar\u0131 uzaya g\u00f6ndermek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olsa da, olduk\u00e7a masrafl\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cUyarlamal\u0131 optik\u201d ise teknik olarak zorlay\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Ancak t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha temel bir problem olabilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"2)<\/a><\/p>\n

Devasa aynalara sahip\u00a0James Webb Teleskobu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kuantum k\u00f6p\u00fck<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Astronomi Birli\u011fi\u2019nin toplant\u0131s\u0131nda sunulan yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, kuantum fizi\u011fini kullanarak uzay\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m ortaya koyuyor. Uzay-zaman\u0131n kuantum \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n evrenin \u201ctemel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck limiti\u201d olabilece\u011fine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savlayan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, gelecekteki teleskoplar\u0131n uzak galaksileri hangi netlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebilece\u011fi konusunda endi\u015fe verici bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kuantum mekani\u011fine g\u00f6re, Planck \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan 10-35<\/sup> metre mesafelerde uzay k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Bu mesafelerde, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrelerde s\u00fcrekli par\u00e7ac\u0131k \u00e7iftleri olu\u015fur ve yine birbirlerini yok eder. Sanal par\u00e7ac\u0131k ad\u0131 verilen bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, par\u00e7ac\u0131k fizi\u011fi deneylerinde daima g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sanal par\u00e7ac\u0131klar her ne kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede olu\u015fup yok olsalar da, bu bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n bir enerjisi vard\u0131r. Einstein, gravitasyonu k\u00fctlenin (veya enerjinin) uzay-zaman\u0131 b\u00fckmesi \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlar. Sanal par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olu\u015fup yok olmas\u0131 da kuantum \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki uzay-zaman\u0131 k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc bir yap\u0131ya b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

I\u015f\u0131k par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan fotonlar k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc uzay-zamanda yol al\u0131rken, atmosferden ge\u00e7erken maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 etkilere benzer dalgalanmalara maruz kalabilir. Her ne kadar bu etki ihmal edilebilir derecede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olsa da, uzak galaksilerden gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131 yol \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r ve uzay-zaman\u0131n k\u00f6p\u00fckl\u00fc yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklanan \u201cfaz pert\u00fcrbasyonu\u201dna say\u0131s\u0131z kez u\u011frayabilir. Bu etki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz teleskoplar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olsa da, yeni nesil teleskoplarda uzak galaksilerden gelen \u0131\u015f\u0131ktaki bozulmalar g\u00f6zlenebilir ve hi\u00e7bir zaman tam netlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler elde edemeyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"3)<\/a><\/p>\n

Uzay-zaman k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ill\u00fcstrasyonu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Einstein\u2019in gravitasyon teorisi ile kuantum mekani\u011fi aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc kurabilmi\u015f bir teori hen\u00fcz elimizde yok. Bahsi ge\u00e7en \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcye bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc biraz ku\u015fkuyla bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc do\u011fru olsa bile, etkileri ancak uzak galaksilerin detayl\u0131 analizlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck teleskoplar yaparsak yapal\u0131m, \u00f6tesine ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve bu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n kuantum boyutlar\u0131nda meydana gelen bir etkinin kozmik \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmas\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n kendini saklayan \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olabilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c7eviren: Hakan Sert<\/strong><\/p>\n

YT\u00dc Fizik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Doktora<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

http:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2015-11-universe-resolution-limitwhy-view-distant.html#jCp<\/a><\/p>\n

http:\/\/chandra.harvard.edu\/blog\/node\/558<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck teleskoplar\u0131m\u0131z olursa olsun, \u00e7ok uzak galaksiler daima bulan\u0131k g\u00f6z\u00fckebilir (NASA\/Hubble). Soru i\u015faretinin alt\u0131ndaki noktay\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyor musunuz? Peki birka\u00e7 metre uzaktan bakarsan\u0131z g\u00f6rebilir miydiniz? Ortalama bir insan g\u00f6z\u00fc, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 metre uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki nesneleri detaylar\u0131yla g\u00f6rebilir. Buna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck denir. G\u00f6z gibi optik bir sistemin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00f6zlemlenen \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n dalgaboyu ile \u0131\u015f\u0131k deli\u011finin (\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi aral\u0131k, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4115,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,19,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-fizik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t