{"id":41372,"date":"2013-07-01T22:51:17","date_gmt":"2013-07-01T19:51:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=41372"},"modified":"2020-04-02T23:01:07","modified_gmt":"2020-04-02T20:01:07","slug":"dunya-capinda-isyani-anlama-rehberi-asi-sehirler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2013\/07\/01\/dunya-capinda-isyani-anlama-rehberi-asi-sehirler","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda isyan\u0131 anlama rehberi: Asi \u015eehirler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Marksist bilim insanlar\u0131ndan biri olan David Harvey\u2019in 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son kitab\u0131, <em>Asi \u015eehirler<\/em>, h\u0131zla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilip Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Nisan ay\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n, <em>Bilim ve Gelecek<\/em> dergisinin May\u0131s say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak gerek \u00fclkenin siyasal g\u00fcndeminin yo\u011funlu\u011fu gerekse ki\u015fisel g\u00fcndemlerim nedeniyle bu kitap tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 biraz \u00f6telemek zorunda kald\u0131k. Ancak i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz g\u00fcnlerde bu kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve okunmas\u0131 neredeyse bir zorunluluk halini alm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Neden mi? May\u0131s sonunda ba\u015flayan ve \u015fiddeti azalmakla birlikte hala devam eden bir toplumsal hareket dalgas\u0131n\u0131 deneyimliyoruz. Bu hareketin hakk\u0131yla anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in Harvey\u2019in kitab\u0131 bulunmaz bir kaynak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130lk olarak kitab\u0131n genel bir teorik de\u011ferlendirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Harvey, son y\u0131llarda Tunus ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019la ba\u015flay\u0131p Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerine, ABD\u2019ye ve Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131lan isyan dalgas\u0131n\u0131 inceliyor kitapta. \u00d6zellikle ABD\u2019deki eylemlerle birlikte \u201ci\u015fgal et\u201d (occupy) dalgas\u0131 olarak bilinen ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki hareketle \u00f6nemli paralellikler sergileyen bu dalgaya ili\u015fkin Harvey\u2019in de\u011ferlendirmeleri son derece dikkat \u00e7ekici.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle Harvey\u2019le ilk olarak tan\u0131\u015facak okur i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck not: \u0130lk uzmanl\u0131k alan\u0131 co\u011frafya olan Harvey\u2019in, 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en \u00f6nemli mekan-politik kuramc\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan, Marksist bir mekan teorisi geli\u015ftirmesi olmu\u015ftur. Ekonomi-politik alan\u0131nda Marksist kuramc\u0131 bollu\u011fu ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde mekan politikas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k vard\u0131r. Sayabilece\u011fimiz birka\u00e7 \u00f6zel \u00f6rnek d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mekan\u0131 anlama, onun toplumsal-ekonomik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kurma, kent mekan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden analiz etme gibi u\u011fra\u015flar Marksist kuramc\u0131lar\u0131n pek fazla ilgilenmedi\u011fi alanlar olarak duruyor. Harvey, bu alandaki 40 y\u0131ll\u0131k deneyimi ve hala \u00fcretken olmas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle 1982 tarihli <em>Sermayenin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kitab\u0131, mekan\u0131 bir t\u00fcr kimlik \u00f6\u011fesi olarak alg\u0131layan ve mistik-metafizik tezlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan postmarksist ve postmodern teorilerin tamamen d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, materyalist bir mekan politikas\u0131n\u0131n manifestosu olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. <em>Sermayenin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda ortaya konan, kent mekan\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca kapitalist \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin cereyan etti\u011fi bir sahne olarak g\u00f6rmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 zamanda bu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri belirleyen dinamik bir \u00f6\u011fe olarak ele alan yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00f6zellikle neoliberalizm d\u00f6neminde kapitalizmin i\u015fleyi\u015fini anlama ve anlamland\u0131rmada kilit \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Kapitalizmin d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel krizlerinin her birinin sonucunda kent mekan\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm dalgas\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kent mekan\u0131n\u0131n yeniden \u00fcretimi, hem sermaye birikimi i\u00e7in bulunmaz bir kaynak \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor hem de s\u00fcrekli olarak yeni krizlerin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oluyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki 2001 krizinin ard\u0131ndan kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin sermaye birikimine katk\u0131s\u0131 ve benzer bir s\u00fcreci daha erken tarihlerden itibaren deneyimleyen ABD\u2019de 2008\u2019de mortgage krizinin patlak vermesi iyi birer \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yaln\u0131zca kapitalizmin i\u015fleyi\u015fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da kent mekan\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6enm ta\u015f\u0131r. Kent, hem s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin cereyan etti\u011fi mekand\u0131r; hem de zaman zaman s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi kent mekan\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen bir m\u00fccadele olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Son y\u0131llarda gecekondu mahallelerindeki kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketler, May\u0131s sonunda ba\u015flayan ve Haziran ay\u0131 boyunca devam eden, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda kent merkezlerindeki kamusal alanlar\u0131 direni\u015f mekanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren hareket \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>David Harvey, <em>Asi \u015eehirler<\/em> kitab\u0131nda i\u015fte kent mekan\u0131n\u0131 bu bak\u0131mlardan inceliyor. Birinci k\u0131s\u0131mda kapitalist \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ve sistemin krizlerinin kent mekan\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerini ele alan Harvey, ikinci k\u0131s\u0131mda ise antikapitalist m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in kenti yeniden sahiplenme \u00fczerine g\u00f6zlemlerini aktar\u0131yor. Kitab\u0131n ilk k\u0131sm\u0131, <em>Sermayenin S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda ortaya konan manifestonun biraz g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f halinden olu\u015fuyor. \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131m ise son y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve Harvey\u2019in deyimiyle \u201cbula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir hastal\u0131k gibi kentsel \u015febekeler \u00fczerinden yay\u0131lan\u201d kent merkezlerini i\u015fgal etme hareketini inceliyor. \u00d6zellikle emperyalist kapitalizmin can damar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ABD-\u0130ngiltere \u00f6rnekleri \u00fczerine olan b\u00f6l\u00fcmler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli. Yerle\u015fik medya d\u00fczeninin kapitalizmin asla sars\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi alg\u0131n\u0131n aksine bir devrimci se\u00e7ene\u011fin ne kadar g\u00fcncel oldu\u011funu b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Marksist bilim insanlar\u0131ndan biri olan David Harvey\u2019in 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son kitab\u0131, Asi \u015eehirler, h\u0131zla T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilip Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Nisan ay\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. Asl\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n, Bilim ve Gelecek dergisinin May\u0131s say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak gerek \u00fclkenin siyasal g\u00fcndeminin yo\u011funlu\u011fu gerekse ki\u015fisel g\u00fcndemlerim nedeniyle bu kitap tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 biraz \u00f6telemek zorunda kald\u0131k. Ancak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":453,"featured_media":41373,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[150,38,510,511],"tags":[5998,5999,3253,210,4505],"class_list":["post-41372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-113-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-asi-sehirler","tag-ayse-deniz-temiz","tag-david-harvey","tag-kitap","tag-metis-kitap"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/453"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41372\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}