{"id":41599,"date":"2020-04-05T00:00:23","date_gmt":"2020-04-04T21:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=41599"},"modified":"2020-05-26T23:25:41","modified_gmt":"2020-05-26T20:25:41","slug":"dusu-boynundaki-yagli-ilmek-olan-bir-yeni-duzenci-musa-celebi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/04\/05\/dusu-boynundaki-yagli-ilmek-olan-bir-yeni-duzenci-musa-celebi","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc boynundaki ya\u011fl\u0131 ilmek olan bir yeni d\u00fczenci: Musa \u00c7elebi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Musa \u00c7elebi ve Bedreddin yeni bir d\u00fczen aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Belki yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir devrim say\u0131lmazd\u0131 ancak o zamana g\u00f6re yads\u0131namayacak kadar sars\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Rumeli\u2019nin halk\u0131 onunlayd\u0131. Ancak feodal beyler ve Bizans saray\u0131 bu sars\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 kabul etmeyip dur dediler. Musa \u00c7elebi tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilirken yerine Bedreddin, B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce ve Torlak Kemal ge\u00e7iyordu. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Hilmi Yavuz Bedredd\u00een \u00dczerine \u015eiirler<\/em>\u2019de Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019yi \u015fu dizelerle anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cDevlet solgundu
\n<\/em>g\u00fcya ki yapra\u011f\u0131n biri
\n<\/em>d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f de, a\u011fa\u00e7
\n<\/em>k\u00f6k\u00fcnden sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi
\n<\/em>elmalar akikti, \u00fcz\u00fcmler canfes
\n<\/em>ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bir hasbah\u00e7e belleyip
\n<\/em>musa \u00e7elebi
\n<\/em>nicedir s\u00fcrmeli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc
\n<\/em>boynuna dolam\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Musa \u00c7elebi, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019in Ankara Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kaybetmesinden sonra onunla birlikte Timur\u2019a esir d\u00fc\u015fen o\u011fludur. Bu sava\u015f sonunda Timur ve ordusundan geriye, kas\u0131p kavrulmu\u015f, talandan ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bir Anadolu kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sadece Anadolu de\u011fil, Osmanl\u0131 da par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bayezid\u2019in \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131k yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve herkes bir b\u00f6lgeye \u00e7ekilip, stratejik hesaplar yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tarihin garip cilvesidir. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131la yak\u0131n Rumeli\u2019de padi\u015fahl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f Musa \u00c7elebi yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve onun hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiler de bu ba\u011flamda sat\u0131r aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eiir bu zor y\u0131llar\u0131n ve Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019nin tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapar.
\nTarih\u00e7ilerin ortak kan\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Sadece Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin de\u011fil, Anadolu topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en huzursuz, en kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, en yoksul, en belirsiz d\u00f6nemi \u201cFetret Devri\u201d olarak kay\u0131tlara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen d\u00f6nemdir. Ger\u00e7i huzursuzluk s\u00fcrekli vard\u0131r, ancak bu d\u00f6nemde yoksul halk i\u00e7in daha da katmerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Olu\u015fan h\u00fck\u00fcmet bo\u015flu\u011fundan devlet otoritesinin yeniden kurulmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r Fetret.
\nBu sanc\u0131l\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yan\u0131na Bedreddin\u2019i alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Musa \u00c7elebi. O Bedredd\u00een ki, f\u0131k\u0131h sahibi ve ulemad\u0131r. Ahlati\u2019nin derg\u00e2h\u0131nda pi\u015fmi\u015f ve y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fdu\u011fu topraklara d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Edirne\u2019ye ailesini g\u00f6rmeye gelen Bedredd\u00een\u2019le bulu\u015fur Musa \u00c7elebi ve onunla nas\u0131l bir \u00fclke istedi\u011fini konu\u015fur. Bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn pe\u015findedir Musa. D\u00fc\u015f onun mudur, Bedreddin\u2019in midir ya da onlar\u0131 bir araya getiren ortak bir d\u00fc\u015f m\u00fcd\u00fcr? Asl\u0131nda sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru \u015f\u00f6yle olmal\u0131d\u0131r: \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131la yak\u0131n Rumeli\u2019de padi\u015fah olarak icraatlarda bulunmu\u015f, ad\u0131na para bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, hutbe okutmu\u015f, \u0130stanbul surlar\u0131na dayanm\u0131\u015f ve kazaskeri kendisinden sonra, karde\u015fi Mehmet \u00c7elebi\u2019yi y\u0131pratan bir isyan\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f bir ki\u015fiden neden hi\u00e7 s\u00f6z edilmemektedir? Bedredd\u00een, B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce Mustafa ve Torlak Kemal bir \u00fc\u00e7genin k\u00f6\u015feleri gibi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Oysa Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019yle bir karenin k\u00f6\u015feleri olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir bu insanlar\u0131n. Bedredd\u00een\u2019i kareye davet eden Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019dir. B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce\u2019yi Bedreddin, Torlak\u2019\u0131 ise B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Musa \u00c7elebi (1388-1413)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Yeniden Hilmi Yavuz\u2019un \u015fiiri \u00fcst\u00fcnden d\u00f6nemi anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m. Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019nin \u015eeyh Bedreddin\u2019i kazasker\/ kad\u0131asker olarak atamas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nedenlerinden biri kafalar\u0131ndaki y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin bir anlamda \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Anlat\u0131lan, Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in hukuki normlar koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, toprak sisteminin daha adil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Bedreddin\u2019le kafa kafaya verip, d\u00fc\u015flerindeki devleti kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir reformist oldu\u011fudur. \u0130\u015finin ne denli zor oldu\u011funu bilmektedir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc boynundaki ya\u011fl\u0131 ilmektir.
\nMusa \u00c7elebi, Bedreddin gibi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce adam\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fcmektedir. Kurmak istedikleri sistemde Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fini g\u00f6rerek, almalar\u0131 gereken tedbirleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f ve nas\u0131l daha adil, daha e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir ya\u015fam kuracaklar\u0131n\u0131n temellerini atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r birlikte. D\u00f6nemin en iyi kadrolar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur Musa \u00c7elebi. Ku\u015fkusuz bu ya\u015fam\u0131n kuramc\u0131s\u0131 da Bedreddin\u2019dir. \u00a0Bedreddin, \u00f6ncelikle Kad\u0131lar\u0131n verdi\u011fi yanl\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f kararlar\u0131 sorgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. De\u011fi\u015ftirilemez olan, kat\u0131la\u015fan kurallar\u0131 masaya yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve toprak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n halka do\u011fru olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, bunu uygulamaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ak\u0131lc\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, kimseden emir almayan bir yarg\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftur. Musa \u00c7elebi de bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahiptir. Onlar\u0131 yan yana getiren bu yozla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rmeleri ve \u00f6nlemleri hayata ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBedreddin \u00fczerine derli toplu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar da bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedir. Toprak rejimi bozulmu\u015f, adeta bir miras kurumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve ayn\u0131 aile bireyleri aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber kurumlar \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f ve her tarafta yozla\u015fma ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte Musa \u00c7elebi ve Bedredd\u00een bu ger\u00e7ekleri zaman\u0131nda g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00f6nlemlerini almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n bu \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7ler, zamanla duruma hakim olacak ve onlar\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z k\u0131lacaklard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda kilit c\u00fcmle buras\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan rahats\u0131z olan feodal beyler, saf de\u011fi\u015ftirerek kendi konumlar\u0131n\u0131 garantileyen taraf\u0131 destekleyeceklerdir.
\nMehmet \u00c7elebi\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 kazanan Musa \u00c7elebi, babas\u0131n\u0131n Timur kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihaneti ya\u015fayacakt\u0131r sonradan. Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131nda sava\u015fan beyler, sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kendi bayraklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak Timur\u2019un saflar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Buna \u00f6fkelenen Bayezid, sava\u015f esnas\u0131ndaki konumunu b\u0131rakarak bu beylere kar\u015f\u0131 hamle yapar ve kendi askerlerinden daha \u00f6nde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in esir d\u00fc\u015fer. \u00a0D\u00f6nemin kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan Anonim Tevarih<\/em>\u2019te Bayez\u00eed\u2019in esirli\u011fiyle ilgili \u015funlar yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cAlaydan \u00e7\u0131kd\u0131, ya\u2019ni ka\u00e7anlar\u0131 le\u015fkerden d\u00f6\u011fe d\u00f6\u011fe gine alaya get\u00fcre. Bir zamandan sonra g\u00f6rdik kim tutmu\u015flar, kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za get\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Na\u00e7ar biz dahi muti olduk. E\u011fer aram\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131kmaza \u00fcmid vard\u0131 kim belki ele girmeyeydi. Zira biz onbin yeni\u00e7eri idik, ma\u2019lum de\u011fildi kim Timur le\u015fkeri bizi tag\u0131dayd\u0131.\u201d Bayez\u00eed\u2019in kendine ihanet edenlere \u00f6fkelenmesi ve onlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak istemesi ile arkalar\u0131ndan at s\u00fcrmesi esirli\u011finin nedeni olarak anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu esaretin ve yenilginin as\u0131l nedeni, beylerin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid\u2019i ortada b\u0131rakmalar\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019yi de b\u00f6yle bir ihanet bitirecektir.<\/p>\n

\u201cSedirde al ye\u015fil, dal dal Bursa ipeklisi,<\/em>
\nduvarda mavi bir bah\u00e7e gibi K\u00fctahyal\u0131 \u00e7iniler;
\ng\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ibriklerde \u015farap,
\nbak\u0131r lengerlerde k\u0131zarm\u0131\u015f kuzular nar idi.
\n\u00d6z karde\u015fi Musa\u2019y\u0131 ok kiri\u015fiyle bo\u011fup
\nYani bir alt\u0131n le\u011fende karde\u015f kan\u0131yla aptest alarak
\n\u00c7elebi Sultan Memet tahta \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f h\u00fcnk\u00e2r idi.
\n\u00c7elebi h\u00fcnk\u00e2r idi amma
\n\u00c2l-i Osman \u00fclkesinde esen
\nbir k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir \u00f6l\u00fcm t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r idi.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Naz\u0131m, \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fiiri \u015eeyh Bedredd\u00een Destan\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda Musa\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 trajik sonu anlat\u0131r. \u00d6z karde\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan ok kiri\u015fiyle bo\u011fulmu\u015f bir yenilik\u00e7inin sonuna g\u00f6nderme yapar. Yenen ise hep huzursuz ve hep tavizler i\u00e7inde olacakt\u0131r. Yal\u00e7\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2019e g\u00f6re \u201cBayez\u00eed d\u00fczensiz bir b\u00fcy\u00fck eylemci, Musa ise \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bir b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fczenci idi. \u00c7elebi Mehmet Bizans\u2019\u0131n hayaletine t\u00e2bi olmay\u0131 savundu\u011fu i\u00e7in kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\u201d Musa\u2019n\u0131n kurmak istedi\u011fi d\u00fczende Bizans\u2019\u0131n olmamas\u0131 gerekiyordu ve \u0130stanbul\u2019a zor anlar ya\u015fat\u0131yordu Musa\u2019n\u0131n ordusu. Bunun \u00fcst\u00fcne Bizans \u0130mparatoru Manuel, Mehmet \u00c7elebi\u2019nin Rumeli\u2019ye ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flar. Ge\u00e7i\u015fte arabulucu olan ise Musa\u2019n\u0131n Bizans\u2019tan vergi almak i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi adam\u0131 \u00c7andarl\u0131 \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa\u2019d\u0131r.
\nMusa \u00c7elebi Rumeli\u2019nin \u00f6zg\u00fcl ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminden ilham al\u0131yordu. \u0130ktidar\u0131, H\u0131ristiyan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halka dayan\u0131yor ve derebeyleri ile kendisine biat eden beylere g\u00fcven duymuyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kurmak istedi\u011fi y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminde H\u0131ristiyan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yoksul halk kitleleri vard\u0131 ve bu onun devrimci ruhundan kaynakl\u0131yd\u0131. Yenilgiye giden ad\u0131m b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oluyordu. Beylerin ve Bizans\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uymayan bu adam yok olmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00d6yle de oldu. Musa, Mehmet \u00c7elebi ile girdi\u011fi son sava\u015fta yenildi ve ka\u00e7arken yakalan\u0131p ok kiri\u015fi ile bo\u011fuldu.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019nin t\u00fcrbesi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Musa \u00c7elebi ve Bedreddin yeni bir d\u00fczen aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Belki yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir devrim say\u0131lmazd\u0131 ancak o zamana g\u00f6re yads\u0131namayacak kadar sars\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Rumeli\u2019nin halk\u0131 onunlayd\u0131. Ancak Rumeli\u2019nin, Anadolu\u2019nun feodal beyleri ve Bizans saray\u0131 bu sars\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 kabul etmeyip dur dediler. Musa \u00c7elebi tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilirken yerine Bedreddin, B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce ve Torlak Kemal ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR
\n<\/strong>– Bedreddin \u00dczerine \u015eiirler, Hilmi Yavuz, Ba\u011flam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1988.
\n– Vel\u00e2yet\u2019ten Siy\u00e2set\u2019e \u015eeyh Bedreddin, Ahmed G\u00fcner Sayar,\u00a0 \u00d6t\u00fcken Ne\u015friyat, \u0130stanbul, 2018.
\n– B\u00fct\u00fcn Y\u00f6nleriyle Bedredd\u00een, Necdet Kurdakul, D\u00f6ler Reklam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1977.
\n– Yenilginin Sorumlusu Timur\u2019un Filleri m?, Seza Sinanlar, Pop\u00fcler Tarih, Say\u0131:6, \u0130st. 2000.
\n– 21 Ya\u015f\u0131nda Fatih, Yal\u00e7\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, Elips Kitap, Ankara, 2005.
\n– \u015eeyh Bedreddin Destan\u0131, Naz\u0131m Hikmet, Ortam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1978.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Musa \u00c7elebi ve Bedreddin yeni bir d\u00fczen aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. Belki yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir devrim say\u0131lmazd\u0131 ancak o zamana g\u00f6re yads\u0131namayacak kadar sars\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Rumeli\u2019nin halk\u0131 onunlayd\u0131. Ancak feodal beyler ve Bizans saray\u0131 bu sars\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 kabul etmeyip dur dediler. Musa \u00c7elebi tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilirken yerine Bedreddin, B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce ve Torlak Kemal ge\u00e7iyordu. \u00a0Hilmi Yavuz Bedredd\u00een \u00dczerine \u015eiirler\u2019de Musa \u00c7elebi\u2019yi \u015fu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2413,"featured_media":41601,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5947],"tags":[6024,6025,589,3321],"class_list":["post-41599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-olaganustu-nisan-sayisi","tag-musa-celebi","tag-ozgun-bulut","tag-seyh-bedreddin","tag-timur"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2413"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}