Pek \u00e7ok ku\u015f i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi, penguenlerin de \u00fcreme ve beslenme alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzun bir yol vard\u0131r; fakat penguenler u\u00e7maktansa y\u00fczerler. Bu zorlu yolculuk biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131na \u015fu soruyu getiriyor: Neden bu ku\u015flar y\u00fczme becerileri evrimle\u015firken u\u00e7ma becerilerini koruyamad\u0131lar? Yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bu soruya ku\u015flar\u0131n bu iki beceride de usta olmayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dal\u0131\u015fa uygun hale gelmenin, hayvanlar\u0131n u\u00e7ma becerilerini zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 cevab\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.<\/p>\n
Kanada\u2019da bulunan Winnipeg \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden biyolog Kyle Elliott\u2019un liderli\u011findeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, penguenlere bakmak yerine u\u00e7ma becerisine k\u0131smen sahip y\u00fczen denizku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 incelediler. Bunlardan biri, su alt\u0131nda kendini perdeli ayaklar\u0131yla iten pelajik karabatak (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) t\u00fcr\u00fc ve di\u011feri ise, y\u00fczmek i\u00e7in su alt\u0131nda kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131rpan kal\u0131n gagal\u0131 alklar <\/em>(Uria lomvia<\/em>).<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kay\u0131t cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 alklara ba\u011flayarak dal\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, dal\u0131\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi derinli\u011fi ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcler. Benzer bi\u00e7imde karabataklara yerle\u015ftirilen veri kay\u0131t cihazlar\u0131 da derinlik ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k ile birlikte, dal\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen ivmeyi de \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca ku\u015flara izotopla i\u015faretlenmi\u015f su enjekte edildi. B\u00f6ylece, yap\u0131lan testlerde, ku\u015flar\u0131n ne kadar karbondioksit ve su buhar\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle u\u00e7mak ve y\u00fczmek i\u00e7in ne kadar enerji harcad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bulunan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 penguen ve kaz gibi ku\u015flardan toplanan veriler ile k\u0131yaslad\u0131lar. Karabataklar\u0131n ve alklar\u0131n u\u00e7mak i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a fazla enerji harcad\u0131klar\u0131 -u\u00e7an ku\u015flar aras\u0131nda bilinen en y\u00fcksek enerji- bulundu.<\/p>\n Dal\u0131\u015fa gelince, perdeli ayakl\u0131 karabataklar\u0131n harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji, benzer b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki penguene g\u00f6re beklenenden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck. Kanat \u00e7\u0131rparak y\u00fczen alklar\u0131n harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji ise karabataklardan daha az olsa da benzer b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki bir penguene g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 30 daha fazla.<\/p>\n Bulgular alklar\u0131n evrimsel b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Elliott ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131 alklar\u0131n kanatlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 u\u00e7mak \u00fczere bi\u00e7imlendi\u011fi i\u00e7in su alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcklendikleri yorumunu yap\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca, alklar\u0131n u\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yeterli miktarda hafif olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6vdeleri, penguenlerin iri g\u00f6vdelerine g\u00f6re daha \u00e7abuk so\u011fuyor.<\/p>\n Makalenin yazarlar\u0131ndan ku\u015fbilimci Robert Ricklefs \u201cTemel olarak, kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltmek ya da dal\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek zorundalar ve ikisi de u\u00e7may\u0131 imk\u00e2ns\u0131z hale getiriyor.\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n Kaynak:<\/strong> \u201cWhy penguins cannot fly\u201d, Nature<\/em>, http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/why-penguins-cannot-fly-1.13024#\/ref-link-1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pek \u00e7ok ku\u015f i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu gibi, penguenlerin de \u00fcreme ve beslenme alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uzun bir yol vard\u0131r; fakat penguenler u\u00e7maktansa y\u00fczerler. Bu zorlu yolculuk biliminsanlar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131llar\u0131na \u015fu soruyu getiriyor: Neden bu ku\u015flar y\u00fczme becerileri evrimle\u015firken u\u00e7ma becerilerini koruyamad\u0131lar? Yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bu soruya ku\u015flar\u0131n bu iki beceride de usta olmayaca\u011f\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dal\u0131\u015fa uygun hale gelmenin, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":448,"featured_media":41800,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[149,19,38,5231,3624],"tags":[3306,5665,6073,1711],"class_list":["post-41799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-112-sayi","category-bilim-gundemi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-merak-ettikleriniz","category-sorularla-bilim","tag-kus","tag-penguen","tag-robert-ricklefs","tag-ucmak"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/448"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41799"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41799\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}