{"id":42160,"date":"2020-04-11T17:17:13","date_gmt":"2020-04-11T14:17:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=42160"},"modified":"2020-04-11T20:38:02","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T17:38:02","slug":"koronavirus-kuresel-salgini-canli-yayinda-dogal-secilim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/04\/11\/koronavirus-kuresel-salgini-canli-yayinda-dogal-secilim","title":{"rendered":"Koronavir\u00fcs k\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131: Canl\u0131 yay\u0131nda do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6nce sadece ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 etkiliyor dendi, sonra buna kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar eklendi, derken daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015ftakilerin de k\u00f6t\u00fc haberleri gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sars-CoV-2 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kapanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2 milyona dayand\u0131, can kay\u0131plar\u0131 on binlerce. Fakat vir\u00fcs\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu COVID-19\u2019un ne klinik tablosu, yani kimin semptomlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131, ne de bu tablonun kimde nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 net de\u011fil. Ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na ve sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dezavantajlara dair istatistikler elbette mevcut. Fakat yine de bu biyolojik etkenin kimi nas\u0131l vuraca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fil gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yoksa asl\u0131nda belli mi? En az\u0131ndan, hastalara ait demografik veriyi ve klinik \u015fablonu rastlant\u0131sall\u0131ktan kurtar\u0131p daha net bir zeminde de\u011ferlendirmek isteyen bir grup genetik\u00e7i a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan belki de belli\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden Helsinki \u00dcniversitesi Molek\u00fcler T\u0131p Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 mikroskobun ekran\u0131n\u0131, COVID-19\u2019a \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bi\u00e7imde yakalanan, fakat diyabet ya da kalp-damar bozukluklar\u0131 gibi ciddi a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 olmayan hastalar\u0131n gen dizilerine \u00e7evirdi. Peki ne g\u00f6rd\u00fcler?<\/p>\n

\"\"
ACE2 proteini.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hen\u00fcz bunun kesin bir cevab\u0131 yok. Zira binlerce kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi planlanan bu gen av\u0131 yeni ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Fakat baz\u0131 ola\u011fan \u015f\u00fcphelilerden s\u00f6z edilebilir. Mesela, koronavir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilen tedavi ve a\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda da s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan ACE2 proteini (anjiyotensin-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc enzim 2). Biraz daha net ifade edecek olursak, solunum yolu h\u00fccrelerinin y\u00fczeyinde bulunan bu protein (asl\u0131nda resept\u00f6r) vir\u00fcs\u00fcn i\u00e7eri girmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kap\u0131n\u0131n ta kendisi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu proteinin ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye (veya bir topluluktan di\u011ferine) sergileyece\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitlilik vir\u00fcs\u00fcn h\u00fccre i\u00e7ine giri\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir ya da tam tersi, zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Nitekim ba\u015fka bir h\u00fccre y\u00fczey proteinindeki (CCR5) epey yayg\u0131n bir mutasyonun baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131 HIV vir\u00fcs\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a diren\u00e7li k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar benzer bir durumun Sars-CoV-2 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olabilece\u011finden hareketle bu devasa projeyi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Koronavir\u00fcs ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131ysa bilimciler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 da o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131. \u00d6yle ki Molek\u00fcler T\u0131p Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc idarecisi Mark Daly ile meslekta\u015f\u0131 Andrea Ganna binlerce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcn\u00fcn DNA dizisi ile sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin incelendi\u011fi ve bu kapsamda elde edilen dizilerin veri bankalar\u0131na y\u00fcklendi\u011fi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcleriyle vakit kaybetmeden temasa ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve h\u0131zla COVID-19 Konak Geneti\u011fi \u0130nisiyatifi ad\u0131yla bir internet sitesi kurmu\u015flar. ABD ve Avrupa\u2019dan onlarca ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, ellerindeki DNA dizilerini \u0130nisiyatif\u2019le payla\u015fmay\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f: Finlandiya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 5\u2019inin DNA dizisini i\u00e7eren FinnGen; 500.000 ki\u015finin DNA verilerini i\u00e7eren Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Biobankas\u0131; pandemi s\u00fcrecinde \u0130zlanda n\u00fcfusunun genom dizisini inceleyen deCODE Genetics ve daha nicesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin izniyle ellerindeki i\u00e7eri\u011fin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Daly-Ganna ikilisini ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 giri\u015fime ak\u0131tm\u0131\u015f. Konaklar (yani vir\u00fcs\u00fcn ge\u00e7ici ya\u015fam alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bireyler) aras\u0131ndaki genetik farklar\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011fa verilen cevab\u0131 (bu durum \u00f6zelinde, akut pn\u00f6moni yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131) belirledi\u011fine inanan daha nice bilim insan\u0131 da kendi katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sunacak.<\/p>\n

\"\"Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cne g\u00f6rd\u00fcler\u201d sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitmek aylar\u0131 bulabilir. Fakat bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ACE2 resept\u00f6r\u00fc etraf\u0131ndaki \u00e7abalar\u0131 daha pek \u00e7ok mecrada devam ediyor. Nitekim Avusturya merkezli biyoteknoloji firmas\u0131 APEIRON birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ilk muhtemel COVID-19 ilac\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yacak APN01\u2019in, COVID-19\u2019u a\u011f\u0131r ge\u00e7iren hastalarda kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 2. a\u015fama klinik denemelerin ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. \u0130la\u00e7 asl\u0131nda ACE2\u2019nin genetik m\u00fchendisli\u011fiyle \u00fcretilmi\u015f bir versiyonunu i\u00e7eriyor. Vir\u00fcs konak h\u00fccrenin y\u00fczeyindeki ACE2 yerine d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan verilen bu versiyona ba\u011flan\u0131nca art\u0131k h\u00fccreyi enfekte edemiyor. B\u00f6ylece akci\u011ferin akut enfeksiyonu engellenmi\u015f oluyor. APEIRON \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ACE2 odakl\u0131 daha nice \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan biri yaln\u0131zca. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fu s\u0131ralar ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131 bir yanda ACE2\u2019yi vir\u00fcs sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan koruman\u0131n yollar\u0131na, di\u011fer yanda bu resept\u00f6r\u00fcn sergiledi\u011fi genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe kafa yoruyor. Elbette pandemi salt t\u0131bbi bir mesele olmaktan \u00e7ok mediko-sosyal bir sorun. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fclkelerin sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi, t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale becerisi, siyaset\u00e7ilerin karar almadaki \u00e7evikli\u011fi, toplumun siyaset\u00e7iye duydu\u011fu g\u00fcven ve dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131l\u0131k gibi pek \u00e7ok etken, Sars-CoV-2\u2019nin bizi ne kadar etkileyece\u011fini muhtemelen genetik dizimizden daha fazla ve h\u0131zl\u0131 etkiliyor. S\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc, uyum sa\u011flayan\u0131n ve esneklik g\u00f6sterenin hayatta kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Darwinci do\u011fal se\u00e7ilim, bu sefer hem bireysel hem toplumsal d\u00fczeyde i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> Jocelyn Kaiser, \u201cHow sick will the coronavirus make you? The answer may be in your genes\u201d, Science, 27 Mart 2020. DOI:10.1126\/science.abb9192.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d6nce sadece ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 etkiliyor dendi, sonra buna kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar eklendi, derken daha gen\u00e7 ya\u015ftakilerin de k\u00f6t\u00fc haberleri gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sars-CoV-2 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kapanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2 milyona dayand\u0131, can kay\u0131plar\u0131 on binlerce. Fakat vir\u00fcs\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu COVID-19\u2019un ne klinik tablosu, yani kimin semptomlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131, ne de bu tablonun kimde nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7lanaca\u011f\u0131 net de\u011fil. Ya\u015f gruplar\u0131na […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":184,"featured_media":40233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[461,1637,5763,5764],"class_list":["post-42160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-darwin","tag-dogal-secilim","tag-koronavirus","tag-salgin"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/184"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42160"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42160\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}