Son 50 y\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck matematik\u00e7ilerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen John Horton Conway koronavir\u00fcs nedeniyle 11 Nisan 2020\u2019de 82 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi.<\/p>\n
Matematik\u00e7i Clifford A. Picover, John Horton Conway\u2019i ya\u015fayan en \u00f6nemli 10 matematik\u00e7i aras\u0131nda g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n
2015\u2019te bir Conway biyografisi olarak yay\u0131mlanan “Genius At Play: The Curious Mind of John Horton Conway” isimli kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Siobhan Roberts onu \u015fu c\u00fcmlelerle tan\u0131ml\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n
\u201cO, Archimedes, Mick Jagger, Salvador Dali ve Richard Feynman gibi isimlerin bir araya geldi\u011fi bir ki\u015filik. Bir rock y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n karizmas\u0131n\u0131, kurnazca bir mizah duygusunu, bir bilgenin her \u015feye duydu\u011fu merak\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya hakk\u0131ndaki her \u015feyi herkese a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in doyumsuz bir tutkuyu bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor i\u00e7inde.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Bilim ve Gelecek okurlar\u0131 Conway\u2019i Matematik Sohbetleri k\u00f6\u015fesinde yer alan birbirinden g\u00fczel matematiksel oyunlar\u0131n kurgulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak hat\u0131rlayacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Conway, matemati\u011fin d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm teorisi, say\u0131lar teorisi, sonlu gruplar teorisi, kombinatoryal oyun teorisi, kodlama gibi farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f \u0130ngiliz bir matematik\u00e7iydi. Kariyerinin ilk yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde, ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ise Princeton \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n Conway \u00fcnl\u00fc matematik\u00e7i John von Neumann\u2019n\u0131n ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Kendi kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 yaratan varsay\u0131msal makineler olabilir mi?” sorusuna yan\u0131t ararken h\u00fccresel otomat alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ke\u015ffe imza atarak \u201cHayat Oyunu\u201dnun mucidi oldu. Hayat Oyunu\u2019ndaki evren, kom\u015fular\u0131 ve h\u00fccresinin durumuna g\u00f6re ya\u015fayan ya da \u00f6len h\u00fccrelerden olu\u015fur. Hayat Oyunu\u2019nun ilgin\u00e7 k\u0131lan \u00f6zelli\u011fi basit kurallarla yap\u0131lan bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n sonras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen bir pop\u00fclasyona yol a\u00e7mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u201coyundaki\u201d evren h\u00fccresel otomat olarak bilinir ve yapay hayat ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Matemati\u011fin oyun teorisi alan\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan Hayat Oyunu\u2019nu ilk kez 1970\u2019de Scientific American<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mlayan \u00fcnl\u00fc pop\u00fcler matematik yazar\u0131 Martin Gardner, Conway\u2019in bu ke\u015ffiyle \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunurken yan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama sonras\u0131nda Conway, Hayat Oyunu\u2019yla gelen bu \u015f\u00f6hretten di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle rahats\u0131zl\u0131k duydu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Conway\u2019in matematik literat\u00fcr\u00fcne bir di\u011fer katk\u0131s\u0131 s\u00fcrreel say\u0131lard\u0131r. Matematiksel soyutlaman\u0131n m\u00fckemmel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olan s\u00fcrreel say\u0131lar Conway taraf\u0131ndan 1970\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda ke\u015ffedildi. Conway, s\u00fcrreel say\u0131lar\u0131 oyun teorisinin de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6nlerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in ke\u015ffetmi\u015fti, ama bir\u00e7ok matematik\u00e7i i\u00e7in bu say\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131ndaki y\u00f6ntem ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bilgisayar bilimci ve matematik\u00e7i Donald E. Knuth bu y\u00f6ntemi \u015f\u00f6yle betimler:<\/p>\n \u201c\u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir hokkabazl\u0131k h\u00fcneri. Masada k\u00fcmeler kuram\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 aksiyomu ve bo\u015f bir \u015fapka duruyordur. Sihirbaz Conway iki basit kural\u0131 (tan\u0131m\u0131) havada sallar ve bo\u015f \u015fapkan\u0131n i\u00e7inden ortaya d\u00f6k\u00fclen sonsuz zenginlikteki bir say\u0131 dokumas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Matemati\u011fe olan katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n sadece birka\u00e7\u0131ndan y\u00fczeysel olarak s\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz Conway, 1981\u2019de Londra Kraliyet Cemiyeti\u2019ne se\u00e7ilirken \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cFarkl\u0131 alanlardaki problemleri tamamen beklenmedik \u015fekillerde ayd\u0131nlatan derin bir kombinatoryal kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131 cebirsel ustal\u0131kla birle\u015ftiren \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir matematik\u00e7i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n Nemmers Matematik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc ve P\u00f3lya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn sahibi olan Conway, Princeton \u00dcniversitesi Matematik B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cJohn von Neumann Uygulamal\u0131 ve Hesaplamal\u0131 Matematik Profes\u00f6r\u00fc\u201d unvan\u0131yla hayata g\u00f6zlerini kapad\u0131, ama ard\u0131nda muazzam bir matematiksel birikim b\u0131rakarak ad\u0131n\u0131 matematik tarihine alt\u0131n harflerle yazd\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Son 50 y\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck matematik\u00e7ilerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen John Horton Conway koronavir\u00fcs nedeniyle 11 Nisan 2020\u2019de 82 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Matematik\u00e7i Clifford A. Picover, John Horton Conway\u2019i ya\u015fayan en \u00f6nemli 10 matematik\u00e7i aras\u0131nda g\u00f6steriyordu. 2015\u2019te bir Conway biyografisi olarak yay\u0131mlanan “Genius At Play: The Curious Mind of John Horton Conway” isimli kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Siobhan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":375,"featured_media":42335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[5848,6194,5763,1008],"class_list":["post-42333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-covid-19","tag-john-horton-conway","tag-koronavirus","tag-matematik-sohbetleri"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/375"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42333"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42333\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42333"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}