{"id":42495,"date":"2020-04-15T19:52:59","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T16:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=42495"},"modified":"2020-04-15T19:52:59","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T16:52:59","slug":"gunes-enerjisiyle-elektrik-uretiminde-atilim-yosunlardan-bile-elektrik-uretimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/04\/15\/gunes-enerjisiyle-elektrik-uretiminde-atilim-yosunlardan-bile-elektrik-uretimi","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle elektrik \u00fcretiminde at\u0131l\u0131m: Yosunlardan bile elektrik \u00fcretimi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u00fcne\u015f enerji santrallar\u0131yla (fotovoltaik y\u00f6ntemle) elektrik \u00fcretimi her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla art\u0131yor. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle d\u00fcnya elektrik \u00fcretimi, 2018\u2019de 570 TeraWatt saat de\u011ferine ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu, d\u00fcnya toplam elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 2,14 de\u011feri kadard\u0131r.(1) 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015f santrallar\u0131 kapasitesi y\u00fczde 31 artm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle elektrik \u00fcretimine de 136 TeraWattSaat\u2019lik bir art\u0131m sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(1) Artan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, konforlu ve savurgan ya\u015fam\u0131n gitgide artmas\u0131yla \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktara ula\u015fan d\u00fcnya toplam elektrik \u00fcretimi (26.600 TeraWattSaat \/ 2018 de\u011feri) i\u00e7inde, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle olan bu \u00fcretim az\u0131msanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekil 1, 1992&#8217;de d\u00fcnyada \u00f6nemsiz derecede az olan g\u00fcne\u015f santrallar\u0131 kapasitesinin (kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn) 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 500 GigaWatt (peak) ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Bu kapasite, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 100 b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fckleer santral e\u015fde\u011ferindedir ya da n\u00fckleer santrallarla 2018\u2019de olan 2563 TWh\u2019l\u0131k \u00fcretimin y\u00fczde 22 kadard\u0131r.(2) D\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stererek 2030\u2019da 2840 GigaWatt ve 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 8519 GigaWatt de\u011ferlerine ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 kestiriliyor.(4)<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_42497\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42497\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-42497 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1.png 650w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-300x256.png 300w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/1-600x512.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-42497\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u015eekil 1: D\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi fotovoltaik kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc art\u0131m\u0131 \u015eekil 2: D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 2019\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcne\u015f santral\u0131n\u0131n Tengger Desert Solar Park\u0131\u2018n\u0131n Uydudan \u00e7ekilen resmi (37 km uzunlu\u011funda ve 1,7 km geni\u015fli\u011finde 45 km2\u2019lik bir alan)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>2018\u2019de d\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle elektrik \u00fcretiminde en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc (MW) olan ilk 10 \u00fclke (3):<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7in: 176.100 MW (% 32,3)<br \/>\nABD: 62.600 MW (% 11,5)<br \/>\nJaponya: 56.000 MW (% 10,3)<br \/>\nAlmanya: 45.400 MW (% 8,3)<br \/>\nHindistan: 32.900 MW (% 6,0)<br \/>\n\u0130talya: 20.100 MW (% 3,7)<br \/>\n\u0130ngiltere: 13.000 MW (% 2,4)<br \/>\nAvusturalya 11.300 MW (% 2,1)<br \/>\nFransa: 9000 MW (% 1,7)<br \/>\nG\u00fcney Kore: 7900 MW (% 1,4)<br \/>\nDi\u011ferleri: 110.600 MW (% 20,3)<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 10 g\u00fcne\u015f santral\u0131, orjinal adlar\u0131 ve kurulu elektrik g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle (2019):<\/p>\n<p>1) Tengger Desert Solar Park, China \u2013 1,547MW, 2000 GWh<br \/>\n2) Sweihan Photovoltaic Independent Power Project, UAE \u2013 1,177MW<br \/>\n3) Yanchi Ningxia Solar Park, China \u2013 1,000MW<br \/>\n4) Datong Solar Power Top Runner Base, China \u2013 1,070MW<br \/>\n5) Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park, India \u2013 1,000MW<br \/>\n6) Longyangxia Dam Solar Park, China \u2013 850MW<br \/>\n7) Enel Villanueva PV Plant, Mexico \u2013 828MW<br \/>\n8) Kamuthi Solar Power Station, India \u2013 648MW<br \/>\n9) Solar Star Projects, US \u2013 579MW<br \/>\n10) Topaz Solar Farm \/ Desert Sunlight Solar Farm, US \u2013 550MW<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_42498\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42498\" style=\"width: 570px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-42498 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-19.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-19.jpg 570w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-19-294x300.jpg 294w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-42498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u015eekil 3: Bir silisyum g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccresinin \u015fematik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve \u00fcretilen elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, elektrik a\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanan tellerin u\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Organik maddelerden, yosunlardan elektrik \u00fcretimi<\/strong><br \/>\n\u00c7e\u015fitli g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok kristalli, amorf silisyumlu, Bak\u0131r-indiyum-Galyum (CIGS) h\u00fccre, Galyum Arsenid Solar h\u00fccre (GaAS-H\u00fccre)&#8217;ler say\u0131labilir. Bunlardan amorf silisyumlu olan\u0131n verimi epey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck: Y\u00fczde 8. Organik maddelerle ve baz\u0131 renk maddeleriyle de g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleri yap\u0131lma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00c7e\u015fitli g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleriyle ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bulunuyor .<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-42499 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-15-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-15-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-15-600x336.jpg 600w, https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-15.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\u00d6rnek olarak, plastik renk maddelerinden Graetzel g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccreleri, genleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f organik maddeler ve hatta yosunlar da bulunuyor . Bilindi\u011fi gibi bitkiler g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131, su ve CO2\u2018i fotosentezle, karbon hidratlara ve oksijene d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada ilgili bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin yosunlar\u0131n genlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, fotosentezde kullan\u0131lan elektronlar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bitkiden \u00e7ekerek, fotovoltaik y\u00f6ntemiyle elektrik \u00fcretmede kullanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar.(5,6) Bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck verimleri olan biyolojik g\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccrelerine, gelece\u011fin elektrik enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak bak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Not: G\u00fcne\u015f panellerinde bulunan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa zararl\u0131 kimyasal maddelerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili daha \u00f6nceki yaz\u0131m\u0131zdaki \u00f6nerilerin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 yararl\u0131 olabilir ve 25-30 y\u0131l sonra \u00fclkemizin bir \u00e7ok yerinin binlerce eski panel \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00f6nlenebilir umar\u0131z.(7,8)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Birimler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1 Watt: Elektrik g\u00fc\u00e7 birimi olup &#8220;Enerji aktar\u0131m (transfer) h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131&#8221; g\u00f6steriyor (enerji de\u011fil, enerjiyle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131!). G\u00fc\u00e7 (W)= Ws\/s<\/p>\n<p>Enerji birimi: WattSaniye (Ws) = G\u00fc\u00e7 (Watt) x Saniye (s).<\/p>\n<p>1 WattSaniye (1Ws): 1 saniyede \u00fcretilen ya da t\u00fcketilen 1 Joule\u2019l\u00fck enerji, elektrikte, 1 Ws\u2019dir.<\/p>\n<p>1 Joule: \u00d6rne\u011fin 100 graml\u0131k \u00e7ikolata paketini yerden 1 metre yukar\u0131ya kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereken enerji.<\/p>\n<p>1 WattSaat (1 Wh) = G\u00fc\u00e7 (Watt) x Saat (h).<\/p>\n<p>1 kWh = 1000 Wh, 1 MWh= 1 Milyon Wh, 1 GWh= 1 Milyar Wh, 1<\/p>\n<p>TWh= 1 Trilyon Wh= 1 Milyar kWh<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin 1 milyar 100 Watt\u2019l\u0131k ampul\u00fc 10 saat yakabilmek i\u00e7in 1 milyar kWh\u2019l\u0131k enerji gerekecek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><br \/>\n1) https:\/\/www.iea.org\/fuels-and-technologies\/solar<br \/>\n2) https:\/\/www.world-nuclear.org\/information-library\/current-and-future-generation\/nuclear-power-in-the-world-today.aspx<br \/>\n3) https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solar_power_by_country<br \/>\n4) https:\/\/ieefa.org\/irena-solar-generation-to-account-for-13-of-global-total-by-2030\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u00fcne\u015f enerji santrallar\u0131yla (fotovoltaik y\u00f6ntemle) elektrik \u00fcretimi her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla art\u0131yor. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle d\u00fcnya elektrik \u00fcretimi, 2018\u2019de 570 TeraWatt saat de\u011ferine ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu, d\u00fcnya toplam elektrik \u00fcretiminin y\u00fczde 2,14 de\u011feri kadard\u0131r.(1) 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya g\u00fcne\u015f santrallar\u0131 kapasitesi y\u00fczde 31 artm\u0131\u015f ve b\u00f6ylelikle elektrik \u00fcretimine de 136 TeraWattSaat\u2019lik bir art\u0131m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":560,"featured_media":42496,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[281,3586,491,828,6238],"class_list":["post-42495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-enerji","tag-gunes-enerjisi","tag-plastik","tag-santral","tag-yosun"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/560"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42495\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}