\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede Michael Yates (MY) ve Prof. John Bellamy Foster (JBF) \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcncel sorunlara de\u011finiyor.
\nS\u00f6yle\u015fiyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Michael D. Yates, Monthly Review<\/em> dergisinin yard\u0131mc\u0131 edit\u00f6r\u00fc ve Monthly Review Press<\/em>\u2019in edit\u00f6rl\u00fck y\u00f6neticisidir. Sendikalar, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve emek s\u00fcre\u00e7leriyle ilgili \u00e7ok say\u0131da yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kitab\u0131 vard\u0131r.
\nBir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00f6yle\u015finin orijinaline \u015fu linkten ula\u015fabilirsiniz:
\nhttps:\/\/mronline.org\/2020\/04\/11\/trump-neo-fascism-and-the-covid-19-pandemic<\/u><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-34-198x300.jpg\")
Marksist fa\u015fizm kuram\u0131 JBF: <\/strong>Ku\u015fkusuz, fa\u015fizmden ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131. Fa\u015fizm kuram\u0131n\u0131n kuramsal olarak en geli\u015fkin ve tarihsel temelleri 1930\u2019lu ve 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Marksizm taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve Leon Trotsky, Georgi Dimitrov, Franz Neumann ve Paul Sweezy gibi solcu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler taraf\u0131ndan, daha sonraki y\u0131llarda da Nicos Poulantzas taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kapitalizmin do\u011fal sonucu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen fa\u015fizme ili\u015fkin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, ilkesel olarak fa\u015fist hareketin ve rejimlerin s\u0131n\u0131fsal karakterine odaklan\u0131r. Fa\u015fizm, tekelci sermayeyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi veya alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n (lower middle class) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde gerici \u00f6\u011feleri aras\u0131ndaki i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. White<\/em> Collar <\/em>(Beyaz Yakal\u0131) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda C. Wright Mills, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvaziyi veya alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, kapitalist sistemin \u201cart\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. Ciddi krizler d\u00f6neminde tekelci kapitalizm, alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n en gerici ve en \u00e7ekinceli \u00f6\u011felerini, hem i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki hem de \u00fcst-orta s\u0131n\u0131ftaki (upper middle class) veya profesyonel-y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131flardaki d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 piyade eri olarak kullanmak ister. Fa\u015fizmin s\u0131n\u0131f temelinin liberallerce unutturulmas\u0131 Neo-fa\u015fizm kavram\u0131 ve Trump y\u00f6netiminin s\u0131n\u0131fsal karakteri F\u00fchrer ilkesi Bu ba\u011flamda Paul Sweezy\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc saptamas\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msamak \u00f6nemlidir: \u201cFa\u015fizm, liberal demokratik kapitalizmin kar\u015f\u0131t anlam\u0131d\u0131r\u201d. Fa\u015fizm, liberal demokrasiyi devirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve onun yerine merkezi, bask\u0131c\u0131 bir rejimi yerle\u015ftirip, tekelci ekonomiyi \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7layan bir kapitalist devlet bi\u00e7imidir. B\u00f6ylesi bir devlette sivrilen \u015fey kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r ancak varl\u0131k nedeni, genel olarak t\u0131pk\u0131 tekelci kapitalizm gibi, b\u00fcy\u00fck korporasyonlar\/karteller i\u00e7in sermaye birikimidir, ancak bu durumda politik egemenlik halk\u0131n elinden tamamen al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n Trumpizm ve neo-fa\u015fizm JBF: <\/strong>Evet, Trump in the White House<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131mda \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ba\u015fl\u0131ca politik, ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel \u00e7ekinceler, son iki bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Korporasyonlar\u0131n bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131 durumun ciddiyetini gizleyerek, Trump olay\u0131n\u0131n, halk\u0131n sa\u011f kanat kesiminin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki otoriter ki\u015filikten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla bir sonraki se\u00e7imde g\u00f6revden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u0131srarla yineliyor. Ancak bu yolla sav geli\u015ftirmek, olay\u0131n temel \u00f6\u011felerini silip atmak ve \u00e7ekinceleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemektir. Trump y\u00f6netiminin ilk k\u00f6ktenci evresinde y\u00fcceltti\u011fi neo-fa\u015fizme kay\u0131\u015f, \u201cneo-liberal – neo-fa\u015fist i\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131smi uzla\u015f\u0131 olarak izlendi, ancak neo-fa\u015fizm giderek daha \u00e7ok destek al\u0131yor ve neo-liberalizmle i\u015fbirli\u011finden vazge\u00e7menin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. Trump\u2019\u0131n salg\u0131n y\u00f6netimi JBF: <\/strong>Arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131z Trump\u2019\u0131, net bir bi\u00e7imde, ayaktak\u0131m\u0131 bir patron olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Bu, Brecht\u2019in 1941 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki The Resistible Rise of Aturo Ui<\/em> adl\u0131 oyununda fa\u015fizmi \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sergilemesine benziyor. Ancak, yaln\u0131zca bireye odaklanman\u0131n -ki\u015fisel \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k veya ayaktak\u0131m\u0131 patronu olarak betimlemek- ve g\u00fc\u00e7ler de\u011fi\u015fimini, fa\u015fist tak\u0131m i\u00e7inde bir hareket veya rejim olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 grupla\u015fmay\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz neo-fa\u015fizmi gibi \u00f6zel bir tarihsel durumu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmenin zay\u0131fl\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00fcrekli vurguluyorum. Salg\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz erken evresindeyiz. Ancak, ABD\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131f temelinde \u201ctoplumsal katliam\u201d denen olay\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Frederick Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in<\/em> England <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde, ekonominin daha da iyiye gitmesi i\u00e7in sermayenin, \u201cen gerekli i\u015f\u00e7ilerin\u201d \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekli oldu\u011fu sav\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de\u011finmi\u015fti. \u00d6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131 artacak. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00f6zellikle e\u011fer Trump bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda yakla\u015fan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in utku kazanabilirse, neo-fa\u015fizm ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ele ge\u00e7irilecek. Trump\u2019\u0131n anket de\u011ferlerinin \u00f6ncekinden \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc bir haber; toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca New York eyaletinde COVID-19 toplam \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019deki toplam \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 olmas\u0131na ve gelecekte daha da \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcm olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Trump\u2019\u0131n salg\u0131n sorununu \u00e7ok iyi y\u00f6netti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Ak\u0131l d\u0131\u015f\u0131 propagandan\u0131n etkisi JBF: <\/strong>Trump\u2019\u0131n destek\u00e7ileri, onun ger\u00e7e\u011fin normal standartlar\u0131na uymas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Bu, F\u00fchrer ilkesinin i\u015fleme sokuldu\u011funun i\u015faretidir. Trump\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak yalan s\u00f6yledi\u011fini art\u0131k herkes biliyor, ancak yalanlar\u0131 destek\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan onanm\u0131\u015f ve \u201cpolitik ger\u00e7eklere\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Destek\u00e7ileri aras\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015finin tavr\u0131, \u201cbizim i\u00e7in\u201d konu\u015fuyor ve s\u00f6yledi\u011fi di\u011fer her \u015feye uydurma haber denebilir, ancak uydurma oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de\u011fil, liberal veya neoliberal kurum olarak alg\u0131lanmay\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi i\u00e7in. Giderek artan us kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 bu t\u00fcr politik psikolojinin, asl\u0131nda cehaleti \u00f6ven ve nefret kusan s\u00f6ylemlerini erken d\u00f6nemde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyo konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda, ki onlar \u015fimdi sosyal medyada dola\u015f\u0131yor, g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n Trump\u2019a verilen deste\u011fin nedeni JBF: <\/strong>S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011finiz etmenlerin hepsi \u00f6nemli. Bu t\u00fcr sorulara yan\u0131t verebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce maddi ko\u015fullara bakmam\u0131z gerekir. ABD\u2019de beyaz i\u015f\u00e7ilerin belli bir kesimi var; bu kesim 1950-1960 d\u00f6neminde ABD\u2019nin d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki \u00f6nc\u00fc konumundan ve ABD emperyalizminden belli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yararland\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7ta y\u00fcksek i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccreti ald\u0131lar. Bu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 aristokrasisi<\/strong> (bu terimin Engels ve Lenin\u2019e dek uzanan uzun bir tarihi vard\u0131r) b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ortadan kalkt\u0131. Ekonomik durgunluk, mali durum, neoliberal kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00fcretimde d\u0131\u015f kaynak kullanma, oynanan oyunun isimleri. Bu i\u015f\u00e7iler ve aileleri, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 bilmedikleri \u00e7ekincelerle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar, bor\u00e7 batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler, ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ellerinden al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve evlerine hapsedilmek ve maa\u015f \u00e7eklerini nereden alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilmemek gibi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu \u00fclkede yiyecek kutular\u0131 almak i\u00e7in \u00e7abalayan evlerindeki odalarda t\u0131kl\u0131m t\u0131kl\u0131m ya\u015fayan, araba ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyemeyen, kredi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bankalar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli soyulan insanlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu biliyorum. Sanayile\u015fmenin sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Orta Bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u015eimdilerde ABD\u2019de, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri ortalama \u00f6m\u00fcrdeki azal\u0131\u015f nedeniyle, \u00f6zellikle orta ya\u015fl\u0131 beyaz erkeklerde \u00e7aresizlikten \u00f6l\u00fcm art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 oluyor. Bu durum COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u015fimdi, toplumsal katliam yine y\u00fckselecek. Altyap\u0131 i\u00e7in trilyon dolar harcayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, renkli vatanda\u015flar\u0131, fakiri, kad\u0131nlar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7menleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bedava da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan yiyecek yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almay\u0131p, beyaz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi. Esas olarak sanayile\u015fmenin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla k\u00f6t\u00fc duruma d\u00fc\u015fen beyaz i\u015f\u00e7ileri daha \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc izlenimi verdi ve liberal y\u00fcksek tabakay\u0131 kendine d\u00fc\u015fman etti. Trump \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm \u201cdi\u011fer\u201d ki\u015filere y\u00f6neltildi. B\u00f6ylece bir\u00e7ok g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi \u00fcretilmi\u015f oldu. Ku\u015fkusuz, fakir beyazlara, hatta alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131fa yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6neriler sahteydi. Fa\u015fizm ve neo-fa\u015fizm daima \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyi savunur (bu kavram ilk kez Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131). Kamula\u015ft\u0131rmayla elde edilen ya\u011fma, neoliberal \u2018kuzeninde\u2019 oldu\u011fu gibi, b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeye gider. Bu \u00f6nlemler, ekonomik ve politik merkezile\u015fme i\u00e7in a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bask\u0131yla al\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak ABD\u2019deki \u00f6nde gelen politik partiler neoliberal olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, Trump, \u00f6nceleri ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 konuma sahip olan ancak \u015fimdilerde \u00f6nceki durumlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nmek isteyen beyaz i\u015f\u00e7ilere farkl\u0131 bir \u015feylerin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc veriyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Yok olmayla devrimin kesi\u015fti\u011fi nokta John Bellamy Foster, hem ekonomi politik hem de ekoloji alan\u0131nda uzmanl\u0131\u011fa sahip bir ki\u015fidir ve COVID- 19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemede bu iki ilgi alan \u00f6nemli rol oynar. Ekonomi politik alan\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, ilk kez Paul Baran ve Paul Sweezy taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen tekelci kapitalizmin hem anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hem de kavramsal geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Foster, bu kuram\u0131n k\u00fcresel kapitalist ekonominin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":475,"featured_media":43379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6455],"tags":[579,3075,6463],"class_list":["post-43378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-olaganustu-mayis-sayisi","tag-abd","tag-donald-trump","tag-john-bellamy-foster"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
\n<\/strong>MY: Kitab\u0131n\u0131zda, Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ABD\u2019de, neo-fa\u015fizm terimiyle betimledi\u011finiz fa\u015fizmi hortlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sav\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorsunuz. Bu sonuca nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7iler, beyaz \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131lar ve \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131lar\u201d kapitalist sistemlerde daima vard\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye sahiplerinin durumunu \u00e7ekinceye sokan bir t\u00fcr keskin krizler (alt s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n birlikte \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri, keskin ekonomik ve politik bozulmalar, ulusal egemenli\u011fin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 ve tekelci kapitalizmin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin artmas\u0131) olu\u015ftu\u011funda, alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131ftaki ve k\u0131rsal kesimlerdeki gerici \u00f6\u011feler g\u00f6reve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi durumlarda tepki, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i, yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve k\u00f6kten dinci duygularla hem \u00fcst-orta s\u0131n\u0131fa, hem de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir. \u0130deolojik olarak fa\u015fizm, yeniden do\u011fan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilik, bunal\u0131m, kad\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fcinsel d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ile ilgilidir. 1930\u2019lu ve 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda solcular\u0131n fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerinde fa\u015fizm daima b\u00f6yle anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fa\u015fizme ili\u015fkin bu kuramsal ve tarihsel anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n k\u00f6keni Marksizm\u2019de yat\u0131yor olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Halk Cephesi (Popular Front) ve Anti-Nazi Sava\u015f (Anti-Nazi War) cephesi Marksizm yerine, \u00fczg\u00fcnlere, kederlilere, yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndakilere ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclenlere vurgu yapt\u0131. Fa\u015fizmin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda Marksist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Nuremberg Duru\u015fmalar\u0131nda Neumann\u2019\u0131n Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of<\/em> National Socialism <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Neumann, Nazi rejiminin otoriter ve otokratik aldat\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131nda, belli bir sosyal grubun azg\u0131n ter\u00f6r\u00fc, bencilli\u011fi ve keyfili\u011fi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi).<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Fa\u015fizm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesine tarihsel materyalist yakla\u015f\u0131m 1970\u2019li y\u0131llar boyunca bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olarak kalmaya devam etti. Ancak, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda, Marksizm\u2019in zay\u0131flamas\u0131yla, iyi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan ve yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca bask\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren fa\u015fizm kuram\u0131, liberal tarih\u00e7ilerin fa\u015fizme ili\u015fkin idealist g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle sistemli bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirildi; liberal tarih\u00e7iler, Hannah Arendt ve di\u011ferlerinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc erk tekelcili\u011fi (totaliteryanizm) kavram\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine yutuldular. Liberal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerinden birisi, fa\u015fizmle kapitalizm aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Liberal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f fa\u015fizmi t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131fsal ve maddi ko\u015fullardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir t\u00fcr u\u00e7 erk tekelcili\u011fi olarak yeniden yorumlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, bu ba\u011flamdaki kritik toplumsal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeleri silip atm\u0131\u015f, kuramsal ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olmayan, fa\u015fizmi anti-Semitizm ve gamal\u0131 ha\u00e7 gibi abart\u0131l\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131mdan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmayan, kapitalizmle maddi temellerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f havada as\u0131l\u0131 bir olgu olarak sunar.
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-30-236x300.jpg\")
1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda Frankfurt Okulu\u2019ndaki Theodor Adorno (ve dolayl\u0131 olarak Max Horkheimer) gibi en tutucu ki\u015filer fa\u015fizmin maddi temellerinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131lar, The<\/em> Authoritarian Personality <\/em>adl\u0131 kitapta, fa\u015fizmi psikolojik terimlerle betimlediler. Sonra, Adorno ve Horkheimer, Amerikan yetkelerin davetiyle Bat\u0131 Almanya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc; Adorno, The<\/em> Destruction of Reason <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde fa\u015fizmi c\u00f6mert\u00e7e, esirgemeden ele\u015ftiren Georg Lukacs gibi ki\u015filere sald\u0131ran CIA yay\u0131nlar\u0131na yazarl\u0131k yapt\u0131.
\nSonu\u00e7ta, fa\u015fizmin kendisini g\u00f6steri\u015f bi\u00e7imiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedenleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a olu\u015fan kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tarihsel ger\u00e7ek sapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Fa\u015fizm, 1980\u2019lerde bask\u0131n liberal g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f taraf\u0131ndan, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 politik ideoloji, Nazi selam\u0131, esir kamplar\u0131 ve gaz odalar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Tarihsel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeyi ye\u011fleyen Marksist kuramsal ve tarihsel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n tersine, fa\u015fizmin tamamen ideolojik ve psikolojik abart\u0131 olarak karakterize edili\u015fi tarihsel a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek g\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksundur ve kapitalizmin fa\u015fizmle olan ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 koparmak i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, fa\u015fizm tarihsel bir anormallik olarak sunulmu\u015ftur. Fa\u015fizmin s\u0131n\u0131f temelini ve tekelci kapitalizmle olan ili\u015fkisini \u00e7o\u011fu sosyalist bile unutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Neo-fa\u015fizm kavram\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da, \u0130talyan politik kuramc\u0131 Julius Evola gibi, Mussolini ve Hitler\u2019in \u00f6nde gelen destek\u00e7ileri taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trump\u2019\u0131n politika konusundaki ba\u015f dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Steve Bannon, Evola\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinden \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015f ve neo-fa\u015fist fikirleri y\u00fcceltmede ve Breitbart News<\/em> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ABD\u2019ye getirmede \u00f6nc\u00fc rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bannon, Breitbart\u2019\u0131 Trumpizmin ideolojik genel kararg\u00e2h\u0131na almak istemi\u015f, Stephen Miller ve di\u011fer neo-fa\u015fist ideologlar\u0131 Beyaz Saray\u2019a alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, neo-fa\u015fizm, fa\u015fizmin s\u0131n\u0131f temeline ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ideolojiye dek hortlat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r, ancak bu ba\u011flamda fa\u015fizmin en k\u00f6t\u00fc tarihsel \u00f6nc\u00fcllerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neo-fa\u015fizm g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ABD\u2019sinde bir t\u00fcr \u201culusal halk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d olarak sunulmu\u015ftur – bu \u00e7aba Breitbart\u2019da yayg\u0131n olarak betimlenmektedir.
\nNeo-fa\u015fizmi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ABD ba\u011flam\u0131nda ele almam\u0131z\u0131n ana nedeni, ku\u015fkusuz Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n Beyaz Saray\u2019da olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak \u201cTrump olay\u0131\u201d olarak bildi\u011fimiz \u015fey, t\u0131pk\u0131 McCarthyism olay\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi bir tek ki\u015fi ile ilgili de\u011fil, esas olarak sermayenin alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131ftan y\u00fckselen beyaz \u0131rk \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda neo-fa\u015fist harekete giderek artan g\u00fcveni gibi, s\u0131n\u0131f dinami\u011fiyle ilgilidir. Derinle\u015fen ekonomik d\u00fczensizlikler, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda egemenli\u011fin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve neoliberal k\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin s\u0131n\u0131fta kal\u0131\u015f\u0131 neo-fa\u015fizmin canlan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemi\u015ftir.
\nBu ko\u015fullar, toplumun en gerici \u00f6\u011feleri i\u00e7indeki \u201cart\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131\u201d etkin bir bi\u00e7imde devinime ge\u00e7irmeye neden oldu; k\u00f6lecilik miras\u0131, emperyalizm ve sava\u015f, neo-fa\u015fizmi ABD\u2019de daha da k\u00f6t\u00fc duruma getirdi. S\u0131n\u0131f dinami\u011findeki bu ultra gerici kay\u0131\u015fta Trump, yaln\u0131zca tam zaman\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir ara\u00e7. Milyarder gayrimenkulc\u00fc birisi olarak Trump tekelci finans kapitalin temsilcisidir. Eski e\u015fi Ivana Trump\u2019tan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, yaln\u0131zca yatak ba\u015fucundaki masada duran Hitler\u2019in konu\u015fma koleksiyonu kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 okuyormu\u015f. Kendisinin, kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak, normal kurallar\u0131n uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131, dokunulmazl\u0131k sahibi ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor, bu tavr\u0131n\u0131 Beyaz Saray\u2019da da koruyor ve b\u00f6ylece kendisini destekleyenlerin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde pop\u00fcler k\u0131l\u0131yor.
\nAncak Trump\u2019\u0131n kendisinden daha \u00f6nemli olan \u015fey, onun \u00e7evresinde milyarder s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bireyleriyle, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde gerici beyaz alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu politik formasyondur; milyarder s\u0131n\u0131f, gerici alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131fa parasal kaynak sa\u011flar. Milyarder kapitalistler ve b\u00fcy\u00fck korporasyonlar\u0131n CEO\u2019lar\u0131, ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 Trump y\u00f6netiminin g\u00f6zetti\u011fini anlad\u0131lar ve Ta\u015f Devri\u2019nde Fransa\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Cro-Magnon t\u00fcr\u00fc politik ideolojiye her hangi t\u00fcrden bir hakarette bulunmadan tahamm\u00fcl etmede istekliydiler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ideoloji, toplumu s\u00f6m\u00fcrmelerine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Kendilerini \u201cevrenin patronlar\u0131\u201d olarak betimleyen kapitalist milyarderler i\u00e7in Trump\u2019\u0131 en gerekli k\u0131lan etmen, neo-fa\u015fist politik i\u015fbirli\u011finin do\u011fas\u0131yd\u0131 ve bu i\u015fbirli\u011fi, Fox News, Breitbart, twitter, vd. yard\u0131m\u0131yla Trump i\u00e7in sald\u0131rgan destek\u00e7iler sa\u011flad\u0131. Bundan yararlanan Trump Beyaz Saray\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131 ve orada gizli komitesiyle, \u201cAmerika\u2019y\u0131 Yeniden B\u00fcy\u00fck Yapal\u0131m\u201d (Making America Great Again) form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc dillerine dolayan baz\u0131 tekelci finans kapital sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn kilit birimlerinin de deste\u011fiyle liberal demokratik devlete kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatabildi.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4-23.jpg\")
\n<\/strong>Fa\u015fizmin karakteristik kavram\u0131, \u00f6nder, F\u00fchrer, \u201cF\u00fchrer \u0130lkesi\u201dni g\u00fcndeme getirir (F\u00fchrerprinzip). Bu ilke yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, Nazilerin en \u00f6nde gelen hukuki ve politik kuramc\u0131s\u0131 Carl Schmitt\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, F\u00fchrer ilkesini i\u00e7eren bir t\u00fcr yasall\u0131k hemen hemen her \u015feyden \u00fcst\u00fcn gelir. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz Trump, kendisini destekleyenler i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir durumu simgeler. Destek\u00e7ileri Trump\u2019\u0131n kendisini yasal d\u00fczenin \u00fcst\u00fcnde veya yasan\u0131n kendisi olarak g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Anayasa s\u00fcrekli olarak liberal demokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu durum ku\u015fkusuz \u00e7ok \u00e7ekinceli. Dahas\u0131, Trump\u2019\u0131n Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti\u2019yi s\u0131k\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde denetim alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ABD Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ve hukuk sistemini kendi yanda\u015flar\u0131yla doldurmu\u015f olmas\u0131, \u00fcnl\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131m\u0131 (veya denetim ve denge) ve \u00f6zellikle yarg\u0131tay incelemelerinin eskisi gibi i\u015flerlikte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. Trump ve yanda\u015flar\u0131 Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti\u2019nin kendisine sad\u0131k olmayan \u00fcyelerine sald\u0131r\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u201csadakatsiz\u201d \u00fcyeler Anayasaya ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ayr\u0131m\u0131na inand\u0131klar\u0131 ve asla Trump destek\u00e7isi olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, Trump\u2019\u0131n ve yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u201csolculara\u201d y\u00f6nelttikleri sald\u0131r\u0131lardan daha \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011fruyorlar; \u201csol\u201d derken de, Joe Biden gibi solcular\u0131 kastediyorlar. Bu yolla t\u00fcm Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti k\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00f6r\u00fcne bir ilkeye (F\u00fchrerprinzip) ba\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5-200x300.jpeg\")
\n<\/strong>MY: Kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131ndan sonra Trump hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinizin do\u011frulu\u011funun kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz? Neo-fa\u015fizmin Trump y\u00f6netimini karakterize etmede do\u011fru bir yol olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen ele\u015ftirmenlerinize nas\u0131l yan\u0131t vereceksiniz? Trump otoriter, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131, kad\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 seri suiistimalci ve yabanc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olabilir, ancak onu ve ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ildikten sonra yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 betimlemede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z fa\u015fizm s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ok sert.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nBu durum, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda devlet d\u00fczeyinde nelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 sergiliyor. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Trump ve ekibi yaln\u0131zca Beyaz Saray\u2019\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Onlar\u0131 bekleyen sorun, devletin geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n -kamu g\u00f6revleri, Kongre, hukuk sistemi, ordu, derin devlet (veya gizli haber alma servisi), Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti\u2019nin t\u00fcm\u00fc, devletin ve yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve ideolojik durum ayg\u0131tlar\u0131, bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131, e\u011fitim enstit\u00fcleri, ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezleri, vd- denetimini ele ge\u00e7irerek g\u00fc\u00e7lerini t\u00fcm devlete yaymakt\u0131. Kitab\u0131m, Trump\u2019\u0131n iktidara geldikten sonraki 100 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nem, Bannon d\u00f6nemi olarak da karakterize edilebilir. O d\u00f6nemde Breitbart ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Bannon, Trump\u2019\u0131n utkuya ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131 ve yeni politik yap\u0131y\u0131 devinime ge\u00e7irdi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda devletin ve kamu organlar\u0131n\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu Gleichschaltung<\/em> d\u00f6neminin sunulmas\u0131 da bu d\u00f6nemde oldu. Korporasyonlar\u0131n bas\u0131n yay\u0131n organlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma, Trump rejiminin Beyaz Saray\u2019daki deste\u011fiyle, kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndan, derin devletten, ordudan, Cumhuriyet\u00e7i Parti\u2019den, bas\u0131ndan, e\u011fitim enstit\u00fclerinden, vd. gelen ilk itirazlar\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00fcm bu etmenler, Trumpizme \u00fcst-orta s\u0131n\u0131ftan gelen muhalefeti etkisiz hale getirdi.
\nDe\u011fi\u015fik yeteneklere sahip, Breitbart\u2019\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, Trump\u2019\u0131n kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n stratejilerini belirleyen ve Beyaz Saray\u2019da politik operasyonlar\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Bannon, en derin \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 bir Frans\u0131z roman\u0131 olan The Camp of the Saints<\/em>\u2019\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcp sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran ve Evola\u2019n\u0131n fikirlerine ba\u015fvuran, neo-fa\u015fizmin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc sak\u0131nmayan destek\u00e7isidir. Y\u00f6netimden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (\u00fcst\u00fc kapal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ek ba\u015fkan oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmek gibi bir yanl\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00f6fkelenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in) kurulu d\u00fczenin yan\u0131t\u0131, Trump y\u00f6netiminin beyaz \u0131rk \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve neo-fa\u015fizm ile ili\u015fkisinin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu. Sol kanad\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da Trump\u2019\u0131n yaln\u0131zca \u201cotoriter\u201d oldu\u011funu ve \u201cF s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle\u201d her hangi bir ili\u015fkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nTrump\u2019\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bu a\u015famada, Frankfurt Okulu\u2019nun kavram\u0131 olan, Adorno ve di\u011fer ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan sunulan The Authoritarian Personality<\/strong> kavram\u0131n\u0131 sunmak ger\u00e7ekten yararl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Adorno ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 \u201cF \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u201d (F scale) olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131, \u201cF\u201d harfinin fa\u015fizme g\u00f6nderi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek tasarlad\u0131lar. Dokuz veya daha fazla ki\u015filik \u00f6zelli\u011fi tan\u0131mlayarak ki\u015finin \u201cF \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u201dnde ne denli y\u00fckseklerde oldu\u011funu saptamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikler aras\u0131nda, otoriter sald\u0131rganl\u0131k, otoriter uysall\u0131k, anti-entelekt\u00fcellik, \u00f6znelli\u011fe ve imgeleme kar\u015f\u0131 olma, bat\u0131l inan\u00e7 ve basmakal\u0131p\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k (kadercilik ve kat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flamalar), g\u00fc\u00e7 ve \u201ckat\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, alayc\u0131l\u0131k ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00e7ekinceli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek ve cinsellikle abart\u0131l\u0131 ilgilenmek. Trump, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz \u201cF \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u201dnin en tepesindedir.
\nAncak, kitab\u0131mda a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi, fa\u015fizm belli s\u0131n\u0131flar toplulu\u011funun politik bir e\u011filimi, hareketi ve rejimidir. Fa\u015fizm, ana kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kendisini \u00e7ekincede veya ilerlemesinin engelledi\u011fini duyumsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7er, \u00f6zellikle kapitalizmdeki konumu olduk\u00e7a k\u0131r\u0131lgan ve \u00e7eli\u015fkili olan alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131ftaki veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f kanat g\u00fc\u00e7leri devinime ge\u00e7irir. Fa\u015fizmin y\u00fckselme durumlar\u0131, kad\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, milliyet\u00e7ilik ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k gibi duygular\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u011flamlardaki sald\u0131rganl\u0131klar \u201cdi\u011ferlerine\u201d, yani \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitilmi\u015f \u00fcst-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u201cse\u00e7kin ki\u015fileri\u201dne (g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7ilerine sald\u0131r\u0131, tehditler ve ter\u00f6rizm \u015feklinde), i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck kesimine ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki milliyet\u00e7i ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filere y\u00f6neltilir. Fa\u015fizmin \u00fcst-orta s\u0131n\u0131fa yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 esas olarak Gleichschaltung<\/strong> veya kendi \u00e7izgilerine getirme olarak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve fakirlere (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ABD\u2019sinde renkli \u0131rklar ve kad\u0131nlar) ise bask\u0131 olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. (Gleichschaltung<\/strong>, Nazi terminolojisine ait bir kavram olup \u201cNazile\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci\u201d denebilecek bir anlam\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcrecin amac\u0131, Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n \u201cekonomi ve ticaret birlikteliklerinden medyaya, k\u00fclt\u00fcre ve e\u011fitime\u201d kadar toplulu\u011fun her alan\u0131nda totaliter kontrol ve koordinasyon sistemi olu\u015fturmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130lgili d\u00f6nem 1933-1937).
\nSermaye derin bir yap\u0131sal krize girdi\u011finde, b\u00fcy\u00fck sermaye ile alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f aras\u0131nda yeni bir politik i\u015fbirli\u011fi olu\u015fur ve \u201cF \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi\u201dnde y\u00fckseklerde yer alan Trump gibi ki\u015filer fa\u015fizan veya neo-fa\u015fist rejimin lideri (F\u00fchrer) olur. Bu ba\u011flamda Trump veya POTUS (Trump\u2019\u0131n yeni anlam verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zc\u00fck – Presidents Of The United States) b\u00f6yle alg\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>MY: Politika felsefecisi olan arkada\u015f\u0131m Sayres Rudy, Trump i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cBir ki\u015fi, daha az bilinen ancak daha az yetenekli olmayan, ahmak karde\u015f \u00e7ocuktan (Reagan) daha y\u00fckseklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca, \u00fclkenin Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015ferefsiz, haysiyetsiz, de\u011fersiz, NY sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n avc\u0131 ku\u015fu olmas\u0131n\u0131 asla istemezsiniz\u201d. Bu yan\u0131t, Trump\u2019\u0131n son bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda halka \u00fcmit vermek i\u00e7in krizin boyutunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemesi nedeniyle verilmi\u015ftir. Trump\u2019\u0131n pandemik felaket y\u00f6netimini nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendiriyorsunuz? Felaket y\u00f6netimi neo-fa\u015fist tezinizi destekliyor mu yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nTrump\u2019\u0131n COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme bi\u00e7imi, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Global Sa\u011fl\u0131k G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Biyosavunma konulu oturumundaki kapan\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, s\u00fcrekli \u00c7in vir\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6nderi yaparak, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmama, yads\u0131ma ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7erikli t\u00fcyler \u00fcrpertici tavr\u0131yla \u00f6nceden sergilenmi\u015fti. En sonunda Trump, genel olarak ABD kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izgisini benimsedi. Rob Wallace ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 Trump\u2019\u0131n bu tavr\u0131n\u0131, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek yerine, toplumsal mesafeyi \u201cileri geri\u201d s\u00fcrmek olarak betimlediler (\u201cCOVID-19 and Circuits of Capital\u201d, Monthly Review<\/em>, May 2020). Bu strateji, toplumun yarar\u0131 yerine ekonomiyi iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla daha on binlerce (belki de y\u00fcz binlerce) ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olacakt\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fka, Trump y\u00f6netimi salg\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evre d\u00fczenlemeleri sorununu bir kenara koyma f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor: petrol ve gaz kiralamalar\u0131 devasa boyuta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, Venezuela\u2019ya daha fazla ekonomik ve askeri bask\u0131 uygulama, ABD ile Meksika aras\u0131ndaki Trump Duvar\u0131\u2019na daha fazla harcama yapma. (Not: Trump duvar\u0131, Donald Trump ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Meksika-ABD bariyerinin \u00f6nerilen geni\u015flemesi i\u00e7in bir konu\u015fma ad\u0131d\u0131r. 2016 cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 boyunca, Trump \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131n\u0131r duvar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu.)
\n\u201cEkonomik canlanma\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan paket, \u00f6z\u00fcnde bor\u00e7 batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki korporasyonlar\u0131 kurtarmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Bu arada, resmi de\u011ferlendirmelere g\u00f6re, \u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, Trump\u2019\u0131n vir\u00fcs ile sava\u015f\u0131mdaki kendi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6steri\u015fli iddialar\u0131na katlanmak zorunda kal\u0131yoruz. Trump, ABD\u2019nin d\u00fcnyada en iyi test sistemine sahip \u00fclke oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, COVID-19 i\u00e7in ulusal d\u00fczeyde test gereksinimini reddetti. Oysa bir milyon ki\u015fi baz\u0131nda ABD\u2019de yap\u0131lan testler, Almanya\u2019da yap\u0131lan testlerin yar\u0131s\u0131, Norve\u00e7\u2019te yap\u0131lan testlerin de ancak \u00fc\u00e7te biri denlidir.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/6-13-278x300.jpg\")
\n<\/strong>MY: Trump\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck koronavir\u00fcs a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n her birinde ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu kolayl\u0131kla belirlenebilecek \u00e7ok say\u0131da yalan olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ona verilen destek oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f var. Bunu nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klayacaks\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nAlt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 kesimlerinin \u00f6fkesi t\u0131pk\u0131 Dostoyevski\u2019nin ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kusmuk atan, 2×2=4 kavram\u0131n\u0131 reddeden Yeralt\u0131 Adam\u0131<\/em> (Underground Man) gibidir.
\nTrump s\u00fcrekli olarak att\u0131\u011f\u0131 tvitlerde muhaliflerine tiksindirici sald\u0131r\u0131larda bulunur, kendine s\u00fcrekli \u00f6vg\u00fcler d\u00fczer, kendisinin ger\u00e7e\u011fin en \u00fcst\u00fcn yarg\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu yineler, bilimden \u201car\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lma\u201d duygusunu \u00f6nermede ba\u015f akt\u00f6r oldu\u011funu dile getirir. Beyaz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerinde bile Trumpizm, bask\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6rnekleri \u201ck\u00f6kten\u201d yads\u0131ma duygular\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu sekt\u00f6rdeki bireyler Trump\u2019\u0131n iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, COVID-19, zehirli kirlenme, vb. konularda bilimi kesinlikle reddetmesinden ho\u015flan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/7-14.jpg\")
\n<\/strong>MY: Kitab\u0131n\u0131zda Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca destek kaynaklar\u0131 olarak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015f sahiplerini, alt s\u0131radaki y\u00f6neticileri, tekellerin sat\u0131\u015f temsilcilerini, alt basamaklardaki beyaz yakal\u0131 profesyonelleri, k\u0131rsal kesimdeki arsa sahiplerini ve iyi \u00fccret alan i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fan alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorsunuz. Bu gruptaki bireylerin hepsi beyaz ve toplumun bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer bireylerden daha az e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer. Ku\u015fkusuz muhafazak\u00e2r H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n \u00f6nderleri de, her ne kadar Trump dinsel inanc\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemi\u015f olsa da, Trump\u2019\u0131n ba\u011fnaz destek\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Trump\u2019\u0131 hi\u00e7 de az say\u0131da olmayan fakir beyaz i\u015f\u00e7ilerin destekledi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi de yads\u0131namaz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n neo-fa\u015fist doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 birisini desteklemesini nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klayacaks\u0131n\u0131z? Irksal m\u0131? \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hareketinin ve s\u0131n\u0131f dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131 m\u0131? Ataerkil aile ya\u015fam\u0131 m\u0131? Trump\u2019a verilen deste\u011fin salg\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla s\u00f6nme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nKendilerini acil ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda bulan bu i\u015f\u00e7iler, Clinton, Bush ve Obama d\u00f6nemlerindeki neoliberal rejimlerle kavgal\u0131 oldular. Trump, farkl\u0131 renkli bir at gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc, ger\u00e7ekten de fa\u015fizan rejimler hem sa\u011f hem de sol kanattan bir \u015feyleri \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrler.
\nA\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i sa\u011f hareket, i\u015fleri kurtarma, toplumsal g\u00fcvenlik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini koruma, i\u015flerdeki d\u00fczenlemeleri ortadan kald\u0131rma, Amerika\u2019y\u0131 yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fck yapmak i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131n i\u015flerine geri d\u00f6nmelerini sa\u011flama s\u00f6z\u00fc veriyormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Trump serbest ticareti d\u00fczenleme plan\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015flad\u0131 ve Amerikan i\u015flerini korumak i\u00e7in bir re\u00e7ete \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/8-8.jpg\")
\n<\/strong>Sanders, e\u011fer iktidara gelmelerine izin verilirse, sermayenin yap\u0131sal bir krizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde \u201cdemokratik sosyalist\u201d hareketin i\u015f\u00e7ilere, Trump\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nerisinin tamamen tersi bir se\u00e7enek sunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Bu \u00f6neri, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve gen\u00e7lerin politik ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 tetikledi. Ancak ABD\u2019de y\u00f6netimdeki kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f ve Demokrat Parti, b\u00fcy\u00fck niceliklerde para kullanarak Sanders\u2019\u0131n kampanyas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Sanders kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015ftan beri zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Demokrat Parti\u2019nin do\u011fruluktan sapm\u0131\u015f ve dalavereci yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131 ve bu yap\u0131 hareketin sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli s\u00fcre\u00e7leri korudu. Baran ve Sweezy, 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Monopoly Capital <\/em>adl\u0131 eserinde, ABD\u2019deki politik sistemin bi\u00e7imsel olarak demokratik, i\u00e7eriksel olarak da zengin egemenli\u011finde oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.
\nKapitalizm h\u00e2l\u00e2 derin bir yap\u0131sal kriz i\u00e7indedir ve t\u00fcm maddi temeli \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Biz her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn sefalete daha derin batarken, kapitalizm, insanlar\u0131n beklentilerini y\u0131kmaya devam ederek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sen, Can the Working Class Change the World<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde de\u011findi\u011fin gibi, insanlar yanan evlerini terk edip yeni bir ev yapmak i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yeni ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir harekete giri\u015fmedik\u00e7e, kapitalizm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek. D\u00fcnya ekonomisinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 devrimci hareketler do\u011fal olarak daha kuvvetli. Sanders\u2019\u0131n de\u011findi\u011fi gibi, sosyalist se\u00e7enek d\u00fcnya imparatorlu\u011funun kalbinde, Amerika kalesinin ortas\u0131nda, ABD\u2019de de h\u0131zla geli\u015fiyor. Durgunlu\u011fun, e\u015fitli\u011fin ortadan kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin, istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ekinceli bir So\u011fuk Sava\u015f giri\u015fiminin kapitalizmin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesine neden oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nemde, bir se\u00e7im yapma durumunday\u0131z: bir yanda barbarl\u0131k ve soy t\u00fckeni\u015fi, di\u011fer yanda sosyalizm ve ekoloji. Marx\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi, yok olmayla devrimin kesi\u015fti\u011fi noktaday\u0131z.
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9-9.jpg\")
E\u011fer ger\u00e7ek bir devinim alttan ba\u015flarsa, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f bir katman\u0131n\u0131n Trump gibi bir neo-fa\u015fiste verdi\u011fi destek ortadan kalkacakt\u0131r ve alt-orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de asl\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla ayn\u0131 \u00e7izgide oldu\u011funun ay\u0131rd\u0131na varacakt\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek \u00e7izgi s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fiyor. E.P. Thompson\u2019\u0131n The Making of the English Class<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, s\u0131n\u0131f, basit\u00e7e \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ili\u015fkisi ile ilgili bir kavram de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilin\u00e7 ile de ilgilidir. Bu nedenle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 gibi -b\u00f6ylesi \u015foklar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor- etmenler anti-kapitalist ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kuvvetlerinin i\u015fbirli\u011fi olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na s\u0131zan neo-fa\u015fizm, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ideolojisi veya politik formasyonu asla olamaz. Alttan gelen bir ayaklanmayla daima bozguna u\u011frar. Bu ger\u00e7ek, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok anlamda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunu g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in Basil Davidson\u2019un Scenes from the Anti-Nazi War<\/em> kitab\u0131na bak\u0131n\u0131z.
\nBana g\u00f6re, kapitalizmi devirecek olan devrimci sosyalist protesto f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 esas olarak, emperyalizmin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiren Global G\u00fcney\u2019den gelecektir. Ancak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda sistemin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, Amerika Kalesi i\u00e7inden gelecek ayaklanmaya da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r, ABD kapitalizminin kendi yap\u0131sal krizi nedeniyle bu ger\u00e7ek, beklendi\u011finden \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"