\nAfrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 yazar James Baldwin\u2019le de b\u00f6yle oldu; y\u0131llar sonra tekrar bulu\u015ftuk. \u0130lk kitab\u0131n\u0131 1996\u2019da Amerika\u2019dayken okuma f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulmu\u015ftum. Kitap\u00e7\u0131daki Baldwin romanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ad\u0131 ayn\u0131 bir blues \u015fark\u0131s\u0131na benzeyenini se\u00e7mi\u015ftim: \u201cTell me how long the train\u2019s been g\u00f6ne<\/em>\u201d (Tren gideli ne kadar zaman oldu\u011funu bana s\u00f6yle). Baldwin\u2019in bu kitab\u0131n\u0131 adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 isimden birinin T\u00fcrk tiyatrocu Engin Cezzar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm ama tan\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ve yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131yla ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bilgim yoktu. Hele Baldwin\u2019in bu kitab\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu akl\u0131ma bile getiremezdim.
\nBaldwin Amerika\u2019daki zenci ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanamam\u0131\u015f, zenci haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Amerika\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Paris\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015f, uzun bir s\u00fcre \u0130stanbul\u2019da ve \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Amerika\u2019da 1950\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 oyuncu arkada\u015f\u0131 Engin Cezzar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131k on y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre \u0130stanbul tiyatro ortam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Memleketi olan New York\u2019a ara ara gitmi\u015f, bu d\u00f6nemde Amerika\u2019da ya\u015fananlar\u0131 hem d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan, hem de elbette i\u00e7eriden, konunun tam da ortas\u0131nda bir ki\u015fi olarak izlemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-41-232x300.jpg\")
\u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nce James Baldwin\u2019in en \u00f6nemli kitaplar\u0131ndan biriyle kitap\u00e7\u0131 raflar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken tesad\u00fcfen kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m: Notes of a native son<\/em> (\u00d6z evlad\u0131n notlar\u0131) Baldwin\u2019in 50\u2019li y\u0131llarda Amerika\u2019daki \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli dergilerde yay\u0131nlanan makalelerinden olu\u015fuyordu. T\u0131pk\u0131 \u2018kad\u0131n yazar\u2019 \u00f6n ekinden s\u0131yr\u0131lamayan pek \u00e7ok yazar gibi sadece zenci konusu \u00fczerinde yazan bir ki\u015fi olarak an\u0131lmak istemiyordu. \u00dcretken bir yazar olarak \u00e7ok say\u0131da roman ve makale kaleme alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu konuda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makaleleri i\u00e7eren bu kitab\u0131 onun en bilinen eseri olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cBen senin zencin de\u011filim\u201d (I am not your Negro) Baldwin \u0130stanbul\u2019da Baldwin 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gelmi\u015f, ya\u015fam\u0131 aral\u0131klarla on y\u0131l s\u00fcresince \u0130stanbul\u2019da tiyatro ve sanat \u00e7evresinin i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Another Country<\/em> (Bir ba\u015fka \u00fclke), Tell me how long the train\u2019s been gone <\/em>(Tren gideli ne kadar zaman oldu\u011funu bana s\u00f6yle) ve If Beale Street Could Talk<\/em> (Beale Street Konu\u015fabilseydi) kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca The fire next time <\/em>(Bir daha sefere ate\u015f) ve No name in the street<\/em> (Sokakta ads\u0131z) adl\u0131 eserlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ilk d\u00f6rt kitap ve yazar\u0131n ilk roman\u0131 olan Giovanni\u2019s Room<\/em> (Giovanni\u2019nin Odas\u0131) T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. (If Beale Street could talk<\/em> 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayn\u0131 adl\u0131 filme uyarland\u0131 ve en iyi yard\u0131mc\u0131 kad\u0131n oyuncu dal\u0131nda Regina King\u2019e Oscar kazand\u0131rd\u0131). Baz\u0131 sevdi\u011fimiz yazarlar vard\u0131r. Aradan uzun zaman ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem onlarla tekrar kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z, onlar\u0131 tekrar ke\u015ffederiz. Dostlu\u011fumuz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam eder. Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 yazar James Baldwin\u2019le de b\u00f6yle oldu; y\u0131llar sonra tekrar bulu\u015ftuk. \u0130lk kitab\u0131n\u0131 1996\u2019da Amerika\u2019dayken okuma f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulmu\u015ftum. Kitap\u00e7\u0131daki Baldwin romanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ad\u0131 ayn\u0131 bir blues \u015fark\u0131s\u0131na benzeyenini se\u00e7mi\u015ftim: \u201cTell me how long […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":43472,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5953,38,1],"tags":[6479,6478],"class_list":["post-43471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-194-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-genel","tag-ben-senin-zencin-degilim-i-am-not-your-negro","tag-james-baldwin"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
\n<\/strong>James Baldwin\u2019in d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bu ikinci yak\u0131nla\u015fma d\u00f6nemim 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131lan belgesel film I am not your negro<\/em> (\u2018Ben senin zencin de\u011filim\u2019) ile yeni bir boyut kazand\u0131. Bu belgeseli, t\u0131pk\u0131 g\u00fczel bir blues \u015fark\u0131s\u0131ym\u0131\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na, arka arkaya bir\u00e7ok kez izledim ve her seferinde anlatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir boyutunu fark ettim.
\nBelgesel film, Baldwin 63 ya\u015f\u0131nda Fransa\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta oldu\u011fu ancak sadece otuz sayfas\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayabildi\u011fi Remember this house<\/em> (Bu evi hat\u0131rla) ad\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fi kitab\u0131ndan esinlenerek, \u00fclkesinde K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f olan Haitili y\u00f6netmen Raoul Peck taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Amerika\u2019da zenci haklar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli isim, 40 ya\u015flar\u0131na gelemeden, arka arkaya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Medgar Evers (NACCP, Zencilerin geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in kurulan ulusal birli\u011fin Mississippi sorumlusu), Malcolm X ve Martin Luther King bu m\u00fccadeleye \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan yakla\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Onlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden zenci m\u00fccadelesini yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama \u00f6mr\u00fc yetmedi. Raoul Peck, Baldwin\u2019in b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden ve onun a\u011fz\u0131ndan (yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan) \u00f6yk\u00fcye devam ediyor ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n o d\u00f6nemin etkin entelekt\u00fcellerinden biri olan Baldwin\u2019i de d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi olarak bu \u00f6yk\u00fcye kat\u0131yor.
\nFilm, \u201cAmerika\u2019daki zencilerin hik\u00e2yesi Amerika\u2019n\u0131n hik\u00e2yesidir ve bu g\u00fczel bir hik\u00e2ye de\u011fildir\u201d c\u00fcmlesiyle ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Belgesel, Baldwin\u2019in \u00e7e\u015fitli kitaplar\u0131ndan al\u0131nan yorumlar\u0131, 50\u2019li y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerinde sundu\u011fu seminerlerden ve televizyon r\u00f6portajlar\u0131ndan b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 insan haklar\u0131 kahraman\u0131n\u0131n erken sona eren ya\u015famlar\u0131ndan kesitlerle ve konu\u015fmalar\u0131yla harmanlayarak farkl\u0131 yollardan ayn\u0131 sonuca varmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00f6rt d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce adam\u0131n\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetliyor.
\nBaldwin 1950\u2019lerde \u00e7ekilmi\u015f bir televizyon program\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze geliveriyor ve bence her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fa\u015fizmin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tan\u0131mlayan bir tespitte bulunuyor: \u201cBeyazlar\u0131n yapmas\u0131 gereken ellerini kalplerine koyup, neden onlar i\u00e7in bir siyah\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funu bulmalar\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben bir siyah de\u011filim, ben bir insan\u0131m. Siz benim siyah oldu\u011fumu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, demek ki buna ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z var. Bence bu \u00fclkenin kaderi bunu anlayabilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131.\u201d diyor. Ger\u00e7ekten de fa\u015fizmin her zaman bir \u00f6tekiye ihtiyac\u0131 var: Almanya Yahudileri se\u00e7ti, Amerika zencileri ezdi, Avrupa\u2019da da \u015fu anda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aleyhine yads\u0131namayacak bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k var. LGBTQ bireyleri ise her yerde her k\u00f6kenden \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n hedefi halindeler. Belgesel film i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli ele\u015ftiri de zaten bu noktada toplan\u0131yor. Filmin s\u00f6ylemi tamamen Amerika\u2019daki zenci ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kuruluyor ve Baldwin\u2019in e\u015fcinselli\u011fi bilin\u00e7li olarak atlan\u0131yor. Sadece kendisiyle ilgili Federal Soru\u015fturma B\u00fcrosu (FBI) dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi yoluyla bu konu ge\u00e7iyor. Irk ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir filmin di\u011fer bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k korkusuyla bundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 insan\u0131 bu ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.
\n\u201cKendiniz bir canavara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeden beni lin\u00e7 edip gettolarda tutamazs\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyor Baldwin ve ekliyor: \u201cVe dahas\u0131, bana korkutucu bir avantaj veriyorsunuz. Siz hi\u00e7bir zaman bana bakmak zorunda de\u011fildiniz. Ben size bakmak zorundayd\u0131m. Ben sizi, sizin beni tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan \u00e7ok daha iyi tan\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-36.jpg\")
\n<\/strong>James Baldwin Amerika\u2019da \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla m\u00fccadelenin en yo\u011fun olan y\u0131llarda yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bir nevi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131yd\u0131 bu. Kendi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcyd\u00fc, ko\u015fullar\u0131n ona dayatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcn m\u00fcyd\u00fc? Her g\u00fcn \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Amerika\u2019da zenci m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6nde isimlerinden biri olarak hem kendi hayat\u0131ndan endi\u015feleniyordu, hem de di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde pek \u00e7ok entelekt\u00fcel gibi kendi toplumuna daha nesnel bir \u015fekilde d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bakman\u0131n avantaj\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yordu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de daha verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.
\nAmerika\u2019da ilk Baldwin kitab\u0131m\u0131 okurken kitab\u0131n\u0131 neden Engin Cezzar\u2019a adand\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Y\u0131llar sonra bir Baldwin uzman\u0131 olan Polonyal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Dr. Magdalena Zaborowska\u2019n\u0131n James Baldwin\u2019s Turkish decade: Erotics of the exile<\/em> (James Baldwin\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki on y\u0131l\u0131: S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn erotikli\u011fi) adl\u0131 bir kitap yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu bulmak benim i\u00e7in bir hazine ke\u015ffetmek gibiydi. Zaborowska kapsaml\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da Baldwin\u2019in izini s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Engin Cezzar, G\u00fclriz Sururi, Zeynep Oral ve Ali Poyrazo\u011flu gibi tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f isimlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ve arkada\u015flar\u0131yla s\u00f6yle\u015filer yaparak, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evleri gezerek, yaln\u0131z yazar de\u011fil, bir insan olarak James Baldwin\u2019in \u0130stanbul d\u00f6nemini anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4-28-218x300.jpg\")
\n1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanadal\u0131 yazar John Herbert\u2019in D\u00fc\u015fenin Dostu<\/em> (Fortune and men\u2019s eyes) adl\u0131 oyunu Baldwin\u2019in y\u00f6netmenli\u011finde G\u00fclriz Sururi-Engin Cezzar tiyatrosu taraf\u0131ndan oynand\u0131, Hapishane ortam\u0131nda e\u015fcinselli\u011fi i\u015fleyen oyun b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, yasaklanana kadar kapal\u0131 gi\u015fe oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, oyunu yasaklamaya gelen polisler bile \u00f6nce merakla oyunu izlemi\u015f, sonra tiyatroyu kapatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. O y\u0131llarda tesad\u00fcfen \u0130stanbul\u2019da olan caz trompet\u00e7isi Don Cherry oyunun m\u00fcziklerini bestelemi\u015fti.
\nBaldwin\u2019in izini s\u00fcrenlerden bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 ise 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda gen\u00e7 bir foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131 olan Sedat Pakay\u2019d\u0131. James Baldwin hakk\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir belgesel \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. From another place<\/em> (Ba\u015fka bir yerden) Baldwin\u2019in elinde bir tespihle ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Evinde ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde \u00e7ekilmi\u015f, yazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan e\u015fcinselli\u011fine kadar pek \u00e7ok konuyu kapsayan i\u00e7tenlikli yorumlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fuyor. Bu k\u0131sa belgesel, Baldwin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir kaynak niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yor.
\nAyr\u0131ca Baldwin ve Cezzar aras\u0131nda uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren mektupla\u015fmalar \u201cDost mektuplar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak yay\u0131nland\u0131.![\"\"](\"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5-28.jpg\")
\nAmerika kendi \u00f6z evlad\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kmazken, Baldwin \u0130stanbul\u2019da Amerikal\u0131 bir entelekt\u00fcel olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu ve kendini daha \u00f6zg\u00fcr hissediyordu. Her toplant\u0131n\u0131n onur konu\u011fuydu. Zaborowska\u2019n\u0131n kitab\u0131 Amerika\u2019n\u0131n zencilere kar\u015f\u0131 olan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerine kara bulutlar gibi \u00e7\u00f6ken Amerikan emperyalizmini ve Amerikan pasaportunun g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de irdelemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli. Kitab\u0131n o d\u00f6nemin entelekt\u00fcel kesimleri ve Robert Kolej camias\u0131 ile ilgili de ilgin\u00e7 saptamalar\u0131 var.
\nBaldwin, \u201cD\u00fcnya beyaz de\u011fil, hi\u00e7 bir zaman beyaz olmad\u0131, hi\u00e7 bir zaman beyaz olamaz. Beyaz, sadece g\u00fcc\u00fcn metaforudur.\u201d diyor. Ben Baldwin\u2019in s\u00f6ylediklerinin g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu\u011funu, evrensel oldu\u011funu ve tekrar tekrar okunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"