{"id":43722,"date":"2012-03-01T13:58:27","date_gmt":"2012-03-01T11:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=43722"},"modified":"2020-05-07T15:34:11","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T12:34:11","slug":"gobeklitepenin-isiginda-tarihoncesi-doneme-ait-yeni-yorumlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2012\/03\/01\/gobeklitepenin-isiginda-tarihoncesi-doneme-ait-yeni-yorumlar","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tarih\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait yeni yorumlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Neolitik devrim neden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ya da avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczende ya\u015fayan tarih\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem insan\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131m yapmaya iten etkenler neydi diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, son d\u00f6nemde prehistorik \u00e7a\u011flar konusunda ortaya at\u0131lan yeni varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemekte yarar var.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u00f6nde Klaus Schmidt\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde T\u00fcrk ve Alman arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131lan G\u00f6beklitepe \u00f6nemli bir konuma sahip. 11 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarih bar\u0131nd\u0131ran erken neolitik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n bu \u00f6nemli k\u00fclt merkezini konu alan \u201cPiramitlerden 7 bin Y\u0131l \u00d6nce \u0130lk tap\u0131naklar\u0131 \u0130n\u015fa Etmi\u015flerdi. G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019deki Arkeolojik Ke\u015fif\/Oltre\u201d ad\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan kitapla \u0130talyan okurlar da \u015eanl\u0131urfa yak\u0131n\u0131nda tepelik bir alanda kurulu G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Klaus Schmidt\u2019in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitap, neolitik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n bu an\u0131tsal nitelikteki k\u00fclt merkezini tan\u0131t\u0131rken, ger\u00e7ekte yaz\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi \u201cneolitik devrime neden gerek duyuldu?\u201dsorusuna bir yan\u0131t ar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin betimlendi\u011fi kabartmalar mevcut.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

G\u00f6beklitepe ya\u015fl\u0131 bir h\u00f6y\u00fck. Arkeolojik katmanlar\u0131nda 11 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarih sakl\u0131. Arkeoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u015fimdilik an\u0131tsal nitelikte bilinen en eski k\u00fclt merkezi. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrde hayvanlar\u0131n betimlendi\u011fi kabartmalarla dikkat \u00e7eken G\u00f6beklitepe, Klaus Schmidt\u2019in de vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi her biri usta bir zanaatk\u00e2r oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn eseri.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6beklitepe, k\u00fclt merkezi kimli\u011fiyle tarih\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemde yerini al\u0131rken s\u0131ra hen\u00fcz neolitik devrime, tarih\u00f6ncesi insan\u0131n\u0131n avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczeni terk ederek, yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve tar\u0131m yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 evreye gelinmemi\u015fti. K\u0131sacas\u0131 G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin sakinleri ne hayvanlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnden yararlanabiliyordu ne de ellerinin alt\u0131nda maden aletler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Klaus Schmidt neolitik devrimin neden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi sorusuna G\u00f6beklitepe nas\u0131l bir katk\u0131da bulunabilir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte arkeologlar neolitik devrim \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 zaman, geleneksel bir yorumda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine var\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re insano\u011flu, tar\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullar olu\u015ftu\u011fu anda e\u015fzamanl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00e7e\u015fitli co\u011frafyalarda yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ti ve tar\u0131m yapmaya, hayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimi arkeologlar, \u201cneolitik devrim\u201d diye tan\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yorum sonraki y\u0131llarda terk edilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. En az\u0131ndan neolitik devrimin daha \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi bir anda ve \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir co\u011frafyada ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 teorisi bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Tersine yerle\u015fik d\u00fczene ge\u00e7i\u015fin a\u015famal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin son buzul d\u00f6neminin tarihlendirildi\u011fi M\u00d6 8500 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam etti\u011fi kabul g\u00f6rmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019ye geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde an\u0131tsal nitelikteki bu k\u00fclt merkezinin ard\u0131nda sistemli ve \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Schmidt\u2019in dikkat \u00e7ekti\u011fi gibi belki de uzun y\u0131llar t\u00fcm enerjilerini ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerini bu merkez i\u00e7in adayan bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc bu. Tarih\u00f6ncesi toplumlarda sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n ve farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n hen\u00fcz var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcren yorumlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir tablo mevcut. G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin kaz\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131 Schmidt\u2019in getirdi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka yoruma g\u00f6re de, k\u00fclt kompleksinin an\u0131tsal niteli\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda G\u00f6beklitepe, belki de \u00e7evre yerle\u015fimlerden de ziyaret\u00e7i \u00e7eken bir t\u00fcr hac merkezi g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Schmidt, G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019deki kutsal mek\u00e2nlar ve tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n Yunan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc olabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir yorum getiriyor. G\u00f6beklitepe ile Yunan tap\u0131naklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortak olgu, kutsal yap\u0131 toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde merkezi bir tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n yer almas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cAntik Yunan\u2019daki kutsal yap\u0131lar, suna\u011f\u0131 da i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli birimleriyle dini bir i\u015fleve hizmet etse de sosyal ve askeri g\u00f6rev de y\u00fckleniyordu\u201d diyor Schmidt. G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019ye kom\u015fu yerle\u015fim birimlerinde de benzer nitelikte k\u00fclt yap\u0131lar g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lsa da bunlar\u0131n G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019deki tap\u0131nakla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman an\u0131tsal bir nitelik yans\u0131tmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor Schmidt.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6beklitepe kaz\u0131lar\u0131na ba\u015fkanl\u0131k eden Alman arkeolog Klaus Schmidt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin M\u00d6 8 binin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, vadiye inerek yerle\u015fik d\u00fczeni se\u00e7en ve tar\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan ilk topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan terk edildi\u011fi biliniyor. Travmatik bir se\u00e7im diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir mi? G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019nin kaz\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131 Schmidt tam tersi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte: \u201cG\u00f6beklitepe\u2019deki tap\u0131nak kompleksi, k\u00fclt merkezindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn kontrol\u00fc elit bir grubun sorumlulu\u011funa b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olabilir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Neolitik devrime yol a\u00e7an etkenler yeni bilgiler ve arkeolojik bulgular \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha uzun s\u00fcre tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Tarih\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, yaz\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz ke\u015ffedilmedi\u011fi bu karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flar konusunda yeni yorumlar yapabilmenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6nde \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Stephen Oppenheimer\u2019in Britanya adalar\u0131ndaki ilk yerle\u015fimleri, M\u00d6 15 binden ge\u00e7 orta\u00e7a\u011fa kadar uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te inceleyen ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u201cThe Origins of British\u201din (Robinson) tarihe merakl\u0131 okurlar taraf\u0131ndan ilgiyle okundu\u011funu da an\u0131msatmak isterim. Bu t\u00fcrden uzun soluklu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda arkeolojik bulgular\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra genetik y\u00f6ntemler de art\u0131k a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir role sahip.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Neolitik devrim neden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ya da avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fczende ya\u015fayan tarih\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nem insan\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131m yapmaya iten etkenler neydi diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, son d\u00f6nemde prehistorik \u00e7a\u011flar konusunda ortaya at\u0131lan yeni varsay\u0131mlar\u0131 izlemekte yarar var. Bu y\u00f6nde Klaus Schmidt\u2019in y\u00f6netiminde T\u00fcrk ve Alman arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan kaz\u0131lan G\u00f6beklitepe \u00f6nemli bir konuma sahip. 11 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir tarih bar\u0131nd\u0131ran erken neolitik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":43728,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[134,20,38],"tags":[244,1136,597,986],"class_list":["post-43722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-97-sayi","category-arkeoloji","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-arkeoloji","tag-gobeklitepe","tag-kazi","tag-klaus-schmidt"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t