{"id":43983,"date":"2020-05-10T14:53:53","date_gmt":"2020-05-10T11:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=43983"},"modified":"2020-05-10T14:54:33","modified_gmt":"2020-05-10T11:54:33","slug":"ekonomik-kriz-sagligimizi-nasil-etkiler-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/05\/10\/ekonomik-kriz-sagligimizi-nasil-etkiler-2","title":{"rendered":"Ekonomik kriz sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcncel ekonomik kriz s\u00fcreci, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de ailelerin gelirlerinin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek ve \u00f6zellikle dar gelirlileri etkileyen beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olabilecektir. Kriz d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan beslenme sorunlar\u0131, di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131r seyretmesine neden olabilir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Marx\u2019a g\u00f6re kapitalist \u00fcretim sistemi i\u00e7inde ayn\u0131 say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7inin, daha fazla makine ve genellikle daha \u00e7ok sabit sermaye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sayesinde, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcrede, gitgide artan miktarda ham ve yard\u0131mc\u0131 maddeleri \u00fcr\u00fcne \u00e7evirmesi \u015feklindeki \u00fcretkenlik art\u0131\u015f\u0131, genel k\u00e2r oran\u0131nda a\u015famal\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015fmeye neden oluyor. Bu anlamda genel k\u00e2r oran\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrekli d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi, eme\u011fin toplumsal \u00fcretkenli\u011findeki s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fmenin, kapitalist \u00fcretim tarz\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc bir ifadesi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Kapitalist \u00fcretim sistemi i\u00e7erisinde genel k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinin belirli bir a\u015famas\u0131nda ise \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcretim arac\u0131 olarak i\u015flevlerini yerine getirememesi, bu i\u015flevin k\u0131sa ya da uzun bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oluyor. \u0130lk olarak sermayenin de\u011ferinin yaln\u0131zca gelecekteki art\u0131-de\u011ferden pay talebi bi\u00e7imindeki k\u0131sm\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerdeki \u00fcretimden bono bi\u00e7iminde k\u00e2r talebi hemen de\u011fer kayb\u0131na u\u011fruyor. Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131 at\u0131l kal\u0131yor, yani sermaye olarak i\u015flev yapmaz hale geliyor. Benzer \u015fekilde piyasadaki metalar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da, dola\u015f\u0131m ve yeniden-\u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini, ancak, fiyatlar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015fme olmas\u0131 yoluyla, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, temsil ettikleri sermayede de\u011fer kayb\u0131yla tamamlayabilir duruma geliyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"Kapitalist \u00fcretim sisteminin bu tan\u0131mlanan kriz evrelerinde sabit sermaye \u00f6\u011feleri de, gene ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, \u015fu ya da bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fer kayb\u0131na u\u011fruyorlar. Bu durgunluk d\u00f6neminde, paran\u0131n, geli\u015fmesi sermayedeki geli\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunan ve \u00f6nceden belirlenen fiyat ili\u015fkilerine dayanan \u00f6deme arac\u0131 i\u015flevi de felce u\u011fram\u0131\u015f oluyor. Belirli tarihlerde vadeleri dolan \u00f6demeler zinciri, y\u00fczlerce yerinden kopuyor. Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k, sermaye ile birlikte geli\u015fen kredi sistemindeki \u00e7\u00f6kmeyle daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve \u015fiddetli bunal\u0131mlara, ani ve zoraki de\u011fer kay\u0131plar\u0131na, yeniden \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde fiili durgunluklara ve kesintilere ve b\u00f6ylece de yeniden-\u00fcretimde ger\u00e7ek bir d\u00fc\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. (1)<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da genel olarak belirtmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kapitalizmin kriz s\u00fcrecinin bu \u00f6zellikleri, Marx taraf\u0131ndan ilk olarak ortaya konuldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemden bu yana belirli aral\u0131klarla ve bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya devam etmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda kapitalizme \u00f6zg\u00fc ve onun ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilen ekonomik kriz s\u00fcrecinin, insan ve toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na nas\u0131l etkide bulundu\u011fu ve ne t\u00fcr y\u0131k\u0131mlara neden olabilece\u011fi konusunu tart\u0131\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sermaye ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131, finansal i\u015flemlerin azalmas\u0131 ve deval\u00fcasyon gibi geli\u015fmeler sonucunda iflaslar artmakta, kamu hizmetlerinin finansman\u0131 zorla\u015fmakta ve kamu bor\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bor\u00e7lar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Artan iflaslar ve ekonomik daralma i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131na, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kesimin \u00fccretlerinin reel olarak d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve hanelerin al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Hanelerin al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn azalmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131nda enflasyona ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015flar nedeniyle, \u00f6zellikle dar gelirli kesimi etkileyen beslenme bozukluklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Hanelerin al\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin azalmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle, kamusal sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri ve sosyal koruma mekanizmalar\u0131 da olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Beslenme bozukluklar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, kamu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yetersizliklerle birle\u015fmesi, toplumun genel sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunun k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesi ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n salg\u0131n \u015feklinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 sonucunu vermektedir. (\u015eekil 1)<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u015eekil 1: Ekonomik krizin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa etkisi (Waters ve ark., 2 numaral\u0131 kaynak).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ekonomik krizin toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bu olumsuz etkileri \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00f6zlenebilmi\u015fti. Uzak Asya\u2019da 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ekonomik kriz s\u0131ras\u0131nda hane halk\u0131 gelirlerinde azalma ile besin ve besin desteklerinin fiyatlar\u0131nda meydana gelen art\u0131\u015f, baz\u0131 beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu. Kriz d\u00f6neminde besin fiyatlar\u0131 Tayland\u2019da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131. Laos\u2019da 1996-1999 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda besin fiyatlar\u0131nda 5 ila 10 kat art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Filipinler\u2019de ise en keskin y\u00fckselme 1998 ve 1999 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu art\u0131\u015flar sonras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 etkileyen mikro-besin \u00f6\u011felerinin al\u0131m\u0131nda azalma, kalori al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 ve anne s\u00fct\u00fc ile beslenen bebeklerin oran\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 gibi sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bebeklerin anne s\u00fct\u00fc ile beslenmesindeki azalman\u0131n olas\u0131 nedenlerini ise annelerin diyetlerinin daha az besleyici \u00f6zellikte olmas\u0131 ya da annelerin kriz d\u00f6neminde daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalmas\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Bu d\u00f6nemde Tayland\u2019da gebelerde kans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirildi. Endonezya\u2019da \u00e7ocuklarda ve \u00fcreme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki kad\u0131nlarda \u00f6zellikle A vitamini olmak \u00fczere mikro-besin \u00f6\u011feleri eksikliklerinin ve yoksul kad\u0131nlarda da a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi s\u00f6z konusu oldu. Endonezya\u2019da 1997-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ciddi hastal\u0131k s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde %14,4, kentsel b\u00f6lgelerde ise %21,4 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve baz\u0131 toplum kesimlerinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n beslenme durumunun olduk\u00e7a k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti\u011fi bildirildi. (2)<\/p>\n

\"\"Ekonomik kriz d\u00f6neminde, bu b\u00f6lgede olumsuz etkilenen bir ba\u015fka alan\u0131 ise y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte olan toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 programlar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Kriz d\u00f6neminde Filipinler\u2019de cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klar \/ HIV-AIDS, ila\u00e7 tedariki ve ana-\u00e7ocuk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 programlar\u0131 gibi toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 programlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7elerinde kesintiler ya da gecikmeler ya\u015fand\u0131. Tayland\u2019da 1997-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fcreme sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 programlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli kesintiler yap\u0131ld\u0131; 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda HIV\/AIDS program\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00e7esi %24,7 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131ld\u0131. Endonezya\u2019da 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda HIV\/AIDS b\u00fct\u00e7esi %50 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131. Vietnam\u2019da 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na sa\u011fl\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7elerinde %10 d\u00fc\u015fme meydana geldi. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Laos\u2019da a\u015f\u0131lama oranlar\u0131nda hafif bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f meydana geldi. (3)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri de neo-liberal k\u00fcreselle\u015fmenin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0131bbi teknoloji ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunuydu. Laos\u2019da 1997 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar ila\u00e7lar\u0131n maliyetlerinde %40 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. (3) T\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin %60-80\u2019inin ithalatla sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Endonezya\u2019da 6 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nemde (Ekim 1997 – Mart1998) antibiyotiklerin fiyat\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu maliyet art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n da olumsuz etkilenmesine neden oldu. Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da 1997-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ekonomik kriz sonras\u0131nda hastal\u0131k bildirimlerinde art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, modern sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131nda %25\u2019lik azalma meydana geldi. (2) G. Kore\u2019de 1995-1998 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ekonomik krizin sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerine etkisini de\u011ferlendirme amac\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, kriz d\u00f6neminde kronik hastal\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 hastalanman\u0131n %27,1, akut hastal\u0131klar\u0131n da %9,5 oran\u0131nda artmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ayaktan sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden faydalanman\u0131n %15,1, yatakl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden faydalanman\u0131n ise %5,2 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtildi. (4)<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Uzak Asya\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgelerde de, ya\u015fanan ekonomik krizlerin toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckte art\u0131\u015f meydana geldi\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Macaristan\u2019da 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda i\u015f piyasas\u0131nda istihdam oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve i\u015fsizli\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n da en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterildi ve i\u015fsizli\u011fin beklenen ya\u015fam s\u00fcresini k\u0131saltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Macaristan\u2019da i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n %12,1 ile en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n %14,6 ile en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve beklenen ya\u015fam s\u00fcresinin 69,2 ya\u015f ile en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeye geriledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu \u00fclkede 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan sonra kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi ile birlikte \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki e\u015fitsizliklerin de artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomik sorunlar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunda ve k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde daha yo\u011fun olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. (5)<\/p>\n

\"\"Benzer sonu\u00e7lara Orta ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda da ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Meksika\u2019da 1980\u2019li ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 d\u00f6rt ekonomik kriz s\u0131ras\u0131nda toplumdaki \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckte art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1995-1996 y\u0131llar\u0131nda kriz \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n %5-7 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. \u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn artmas\u0131n\u0131n hane gelirlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesinden ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemindeki t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klardan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. 1980 ve 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda Meksika d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fclkelerde de finansal krizler ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fanan ekonomik krizler, \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7ler, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve yoksullar gibi duyarl\u0131 gruplar \u00fczerinde olmak \u00fczere sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Duyarl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ge\u00e7 kapitalistle\u015fen b\u00f6lgelerde ekonomik krizlerin toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin daha fazla olabildi\u011fi belirtilmektedir. (6)<\/p>\n

Ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde beklenen ya\u015fam s\u00fcresindeki azalman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir nedenini ise bebek ve \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerindeki art\u0131\u015f olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi d\u00f6nemlerde artan beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha \u00f6nce ev d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan aile \u00fcyelerinin i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131na girmek zorunda kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle, aile i\u00e7i bak\u0131m ve destek hizmetleri olumsuz etkilenebilmektedir. Bu durumda \u00f6zellikle kamusal hizmetlerin yeterli d\u00fczeyde organize edilemedi\u011fi \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131mlar\u0131yla ilgili sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmekte, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131nda ve \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckte art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanabilmektedir. (6) Kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz etkilendi\u011fi \u00f6rneklerden bir tanesini yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Peru\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ekonomik kriz olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Peru\u2019da ekonomik krize ba\u011fl\u0131 yokluk d\u00f6nemi olan 1989 sonu ve 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan bebeklerdeki \u00f6l\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131nda %2,5 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca bu d\u00f6nemde ekonomik krizin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n beslenme durumunu da olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi ve 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda krizden etkilenen 6 ya\u015f alt\u0131 \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, 1996-2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ya\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha k\u0131sa boylu olduklar\u0131 bildirildi. (7)<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00dclke i\u00e7indeki derin e\u015fitsizlikler nedeniyle ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde erken kapitalistle\u015fmi\u015f Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de \u00f6nemli toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. Avustralya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada 1976-1978 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki a\u011f\u0131r ekonomik resesyon d\u00f6neminde iskemik kalp hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur. (8) Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada k\u00fcresel ekonomik kriz sonras\u0131nda ve krizin etkisiyle a\u00e7\u0131klanabilecek \u015fekilde, ya\u015fl\u0131larda depresyon ve anksiyete (kayg\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu) bulgular\u0131n\u0131n da daha fazla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. (9) Ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fanan bedensel-ruhsal sorunlar\u0131n bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 da ekonomik-sosyal stat\u00fc kayb\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine ula\u015f\u0131mda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 2007 krizinden sonra ABD\u2019lilerin %55\u2019i kriz sonras\u0131 mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir azalma oldu\u011funu belirtirken, %20\u2019si ise mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki azalman\u0131n %30 ya da \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130ngiltere, Kanada, Fransa ve Almanya\u2019da mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda azalma oldu\u011funu bildirenlerin oran\u0131 %45 ile %34 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik cepten \u00f6demelerin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde, kriz sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ekonomik stat\u00fc kayb\u0131 nedeniyle sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetine ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n zorla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2007 krizinden sonra yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada ABD\u2019lilerin %26,5\u2019inin, Kanadal\u0131lar\u0131n %6,5\u2019inin, \u0130ngilizlerin %10,3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn ve Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n %12\u2019sinin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerini daha az kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. (10)<\/p>\n

Ekonomik krizin toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na olan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerinin son \u00f6rneklerinden bir tanesini de Yunanistan\u2019da ya\u015fanmakta olan ekonomik kriz s\u00fcreci olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019da krizle birlikte orta gelirli ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k giderlerinin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131nda ve koruyucu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine ula\u015fmalar\u0131 konusunda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f; HIV ve cinsel yolla bula\u015fan hastal\u0131klarla, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yitiren ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00fclkede 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re HIV hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da %52 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, HIV enfeksiyon s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullananlardaki art\u0131\u015ftan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. Yunanistan \u0130la\u00e7 Kullan\u0131m ve Raporlama Merkezi verilerine g\u00f6re eroin kullan\u0131m s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda %20 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Damar i\u00e7i ila\u00e7 kullananlarda hijyen kurallar\u0131na uyulmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni enfeksiyon g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ise 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 6 ay\u0131nda, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 6 ay\u0131na g\u00f6re 10 kat artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Artan sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Yunanistan\u2019da gerekli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen doktor ya da di\u015f\u00e7iye gitmedi\u011fini belirten ki\u015filerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda %15 oran\u0131nda; genel sa\u011fl\u0131k durumunu k\u00f6t\u00fc ya da \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendiren ki\u015filerin oran\u0131n\u0131n ise %14 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130ntihar s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re %17 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve ulusal intihar dan\u0131\u015fma hatt\u0131na ili\u015fkin 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, dan\u0131\u015fma hatt\u0131na ba\u015fvuranlar\u0131n %25\u2019i, mali sorunlar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir. Ekonomik kriz sonras\u0131nda Yunanistan\u2019da \u015fiddetin de artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f; cinayet ve h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olgular\u0131n\u0131n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclenin 2 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilmi\u015ftir. (11)<\/p>\n

\"\"Ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 irdelenirken ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken konulardan bir tanesini de i\u015fsizlik sorunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. (10) 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda ABD\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada somatizasyon (ruhsal sorunlar\u0131n bedensel yak\u0131nmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi), depresyon ve anksiyete (kayg\u0131 bozuklu\u011fu) gibi ruhsal rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n i\u015fsizlerde, i\u015fi olan ki\u015filere g\u00f6re daha fazla g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada benzer say\u0131da hastal\u0131k tan\u0131s\u0131 konulsa bile i\u015fsizlerin, i\u015f sahibi olanlara g\u00f6re daha s\u0131k doktor muayenesine gittikleri, daha fazla ila\u00e7 kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ve daha fazla hasta olarak yatt\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. (12) \u0130spanya\u2019da 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada da benzeri \u015fekilde i\u015fsizli\u011fin ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi ve bu etkinin, \u00f6zellikle kol g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan erkeklerde, dul annelerde, evin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayan kad\u0131nlarda ve i\u015fsizlik \u00f6dene\u011finden yararlanmayan ki\u015filerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi. (13) Almanya\u2019da son d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada da, i\u015fsiz insanlar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli psikolojik sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bedensel hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 da i\u015f sahibi insanlara oranla daha duyarl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. (14)<\/p>\n

Nikiforuk\u2019a g\u00f6re salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar yol a\u00e7an sosyal nedenler<\/strong>
\nAndrew Nikiforuk Mah\u015ferin 4. Atl\u0131s\u0131 isimli kitab\u0131nda, tarihte y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olan sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n, sosyal \u00e7alkant\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Buna g\u00f6re neolitik devrimle birlikte topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcren ve hayvanlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftiren insanlar\u0131n, daha \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok yeni mikropla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131, veba, tif\u00fcs, s\u0131tma gibi sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019\u0131n kapanmas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren veba salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n altta yatan temel nedeni ise, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131 bir deri bir kemi\u011fe d\u00f6nd\u00fcren k\u0131tl\u0131klard\u0131. Aztek ve \u0130nka uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri olarak g\u00f6sterilen \u00e7i\u00e7ek salg\u0131n\u0131, Yeni D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n Eski D\u00fcnya ka\u015fifleri taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmesinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 etkilemeye ba\u015flayan frengi felaketinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda da, evlili\u011fin ge\u00e7 ya\u015flara ertelenmesini gerektiren sosyal sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir etkisi bulunmaktayd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6re 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda toplumu etkileyen ve beyaz veba olarak da an\u0131lan t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz salg\u0131n\u0131 ise, kapitalist toplumun insafs\u0131z emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc nedeniyle \u00f6denmek zorunda kal\u0131nan bir kefaret olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (15)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en \u00f6nemli sosyal sorununu ise kapitalizmin insan ve \u00e7evresi \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiler ile bu etkilerin kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde ertelenemez bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcncel ekonomik kriz s\u00fcreci, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de ailelerin gelirlerinin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek ve \u00f6zellikle dar gelirlileri etkileyen beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olabilecektir. Kriz d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan beslenme sorunlar\u0131, di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131r seyretmesine neden olabilir. Bu d\u00f6nemde mali ve organizasyonel sorunlar nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131lama oranlar\u0131nda azalmalar g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak direnci d\u00fc\u015fen v\u00fccutlar\u0131n olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 duyarl\u0131 havuz nedeniyle, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n

\"\"Ekonomik ve sosyal kriz s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131 nedeniyle baz\u0131 psikolojik sorunlarda, \u015fiddet ve intihar olgular\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fanabilir. Madde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilir ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 hastal\u0131klarda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Artan i\u015fsizli\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra gelir telafisi amac\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, informal sekt\u00f6rlerde olumsuz ko\u015fullarda i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dahil olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bu gruplar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuz etkilenebilir. S\u00fcrekli bak\u0131m gerektiren \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar, kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar ve \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fclerin sa\u011fl\u0131k ve bak\u0131m hizmetlerinden yararlanmas\u0131 zorla\u015fabilir. A\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve i\u015fsiz kalma riskine ba\u011fl\u0131 stresin artmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015fle ili\u015fkili hastal\u0131klarda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Kriz d\u00f6neminde istihdam\u0131n azalmas\u0131 sonucunda daha \u00f6nce sosyal g\u00fcvence kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin g\u00fcvence d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 nedeniyle sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131 ve tedavisinde gecikmeler ya\u015fanabilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine ayr\u0131lan kamu kaynaklar\u0131ndaki daralman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu alana aktar\u0131labilecek cepten harcamalar\u0131n da k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 nedeniyle, hizmetlere ula\u015f\u0131m zorla\u015fabilir. \u00d6zellikle pahal\u0131 ve ithal teknolojiye ula\u015fma konusunda ya\u015fanabilecek zorluklar nedeniyle t\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin temininde ve toplumun hizmetine sunulmas\u0131nda aksamalar meydana gelebilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemi artan y\u00fck\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131lamakta zorlanabilir; hizmetlerin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda alt yap\u0131, personel ve lojistik sorunlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerine egemen olan piyasac\u0131 \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri nedeniyle toplumun gereksinim duyan kesimlerine \u00fccretsiz ve nitelikli sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131namayabilir. Bu a\u015famada gerek \u00fclkemizde, gerekse d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesindeki sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin \u00e7e\u015fitli yap\u0131sal sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir. Kriz \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden gelen yap\u0131sal sorunlar\u0131yla bo\u011fu\u015fmakta olan sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerinin, ekonomik krizin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131yla ba\u015f etmesi nas\u0131l olanakl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da k\u0131tl\u0131k ve sefalet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda veba salg\u0131n\u0131yla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in rahiplerin bilgi ve deneyimine ba\u015fvurulmu\u015f, ancak Orta\u00e7a\u011f sona erene kadar vebadan kurtulmak olanakl\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise, var olan ekonomik krizin nedeni olan \u015firketler ve bu \u015firketlerin k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaktan ba\u015fka sosyal sorumlulu\u011fu bulunmayan CEO\u2019lar\u0131n k\u0131lavuzlu\u011fuyla, kriz d\u00f6nemindeki toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aranmas\u0131 bekleniyor. G\u00fcncel ekonomik-sosyal krizin toplum d\u00fczeyinde ne t\u00fcr somut y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na neden olaca\u011f\u0131 tam olarak bilinemese de, kapitalizme bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirilinceye dek, toplumun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozulacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

KAYNAKLAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1) Karl Marx. Kapital 3. Cilt. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131s\u0131m Kar Oran\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fc\u015fme E\u011filimi Yasas\u0131. Eri\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2004.<\/p>\n

2) Waters H, Saadah F, Pradhan M. The impact of the 1997\u201398 East Asian economic crisis on health and health care in Indonesia. Health Policy and Planning; 18(2): 172\u2013181.<\/p>\n

3) Impact of the Asian financial crisis on health, 2000. http:\/\/www.ausaid.gov.au\/publications\/pdf\/health_exec_sum.pdf.<\/p>\n

4) Kim H, Chung WJ, Song YJ, Kang DR, Yi JJ, Nam CM. Changes in morbidity and medical care utilization after the recent economic crisis in the Republic of Korea. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81 (8), 2003. http:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/volumes\/81\/8\/Kim0803.pdf.<\/p>\n

5) Uzzoli A. \u201cThe Role of Unemployment in the Run of Life Chances in Hungary,\u201d International Journal of Population Research, vol. 2011, 9 pages, 2011.<\/p>\n

6) Cutler DM, Knaul F, Lozano R, M\u00e9ndez O, Zurita B. Financial Crisis, Health Outcomes and Aging: Mexico in the 1980s and 1990s NBER Working Paper No. 7746.<\/p>\n

7) Paxson C . Child Health and the 1988-1992 Economic Crisis in Peru. http:\/\/www-wds.worldbank.org\/servlet\/WDSContentServer\/WDSP\/IB\/2004\/05\/03\/000009486_20040503173029\/Rendered\/PDF\/wps3260child.pdf.<\/p>\n

8) Bunn AR.Ischaemic heart disease mortality and the business cycle in Australia. Am J Public Health. Aug;69(8):772-81, 1979.<\/p>\n

9) Cox KS, Butterworth P, Anstey KJ. The global financial crisis and psychological health in a sample of Australian older adults: A longitudinal study. Social Science & Medicine Volume 73, Issue 7, Pages 1105-1112, October 2011.<\/p>\n

10) The Economic Crisis and Medical Care Usage http:\/\/www.hbs.edu\/research\/pdf\/10-079.pdf.<\/p>\n

11) Kentikelenis A, Karanikolos M, Papanicolas I, Basu S, McKee M, Stuckler D. Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy. The Lancet, Volume 378, Issue 9801, Pages 1457-1458, 22 October 2011.<\/p>\n

12) M W Linn, R Sandifer, and S SteinEffects of unemployment on mental and physical health.Am J Public Health. 75(5): 502\u2013506, May 1985.<\/p>\n

13) Barrachina VP, Malmusi D, Mart\u00ednez JM, Benach J. Monitoring Social Determinants of Health Inequalities: The Impact of Unemployment among Vulnerable Groups. International Journal of Health Services Issue: Volume 41, Number 3 \/ 2011.<\/p>\n

14) Almanya\u2019da i\u015fsizlik hastal\u0131k yap\u0131yor. http:\/\/www.igmg.de\/tr\/haberler\/yazi\/almanyada-issizlik-hastalik-yapiyor.html.<\/p>\n

15) Nikiforuk A. Mah\u015ferin 4. Atl\u0131s\u0131. \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcncel ekonomik kriz s\u00fcreci, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemizde de ailelerin gelirlerinin azalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek ve \u00f6zellikle dar gelirlileri etkileyen beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olabilecektir. Kriz d\u00f6neminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan beslenme sorunlar\u0131, di\u011fer sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n daha a\u011f\u0131r seyretmesine neden olabilir. Marx\u2019a g\u00f6re kapitalist \u00fcretim […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1804,"featured_media":43986,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[2730,6459,6634,333,4929,425,5764],"class_list":["post-43983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-arti-deger","tag-ekonomik-kriz","tag-kar","tag-marx","tag-meta","tag-saglik","tag-salgin"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1804"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43983"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43983\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}