Paul Charles Morphy, 22 Haziran 1837\u2019de ABD\/New Orleans\/Louisiana\u2019da varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve soylu bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak do\u011far. Babas\u0131 Alonso Michael Morphy, \u0130spanyol-\u0130rlanda k\u00f6kenli soylu Kreol ailesinden gelme bir hukuk\u00e7u, annesi Louise Th\u00e9r\u00e8se F\u00e9licit\u00e9 Thelcide Le Carpentier ise se\u00e7kin Frans\u0131z bir ailenin m\u00fczi\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Morphy\u2019nin ailesindeki t\u00fcm erkekler satranca ilgilidir, \u00f6zellikle de kentin en kuvvetli satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Ernest amcas\u0131\u2026 Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla satran\u00e7 aile toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Morphy de Capablanca gibi satranc\u0131 ba\u015fka oyunlar\u0131 izleyerek \u00f6\u011frenir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan satran\u00e7 tarihinin ilk dahisi olarak kabul edilir. 9 ya\u015f\u0131nda kentin en iyi oyuncular\u0131ndan biri kabul edilen \u00e7ocuk dahinin \u201c\u00e7ocukluk zaferleri\u201d aras\u0131nda; profesyonel satran\u00e7 ustas\u0131 Macar Johann L\u00f6wenthal ve General Winfield Scott\u00a0gibi isimlere kar\u015f\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yengiler yer al\u0131r. 1950\u2019den sonra e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in satranca ara veren Murphy matematik ve felsefe e\u011fitiminin ard\u0131ndan hukuk okumak i\u00e7in Louisiana \u00dcniversitesine kabul edilir. Hen\u00fcz 20 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken L.L.B. derecesi ile mezun olur, fakat o d\u00f6nem Amerika\u2019da 21 ya\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce bu meslekte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak yasal de\u011fildir. Bu sayede satran\u00e7la ilgilenmek i\u00e7in kendisine bo\u015f zaman bulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
1857 Sonbahar\u0131nda New York\u2019ta d\u00fczenlenecek olan 1. Amerikan Satran\u00e7 Turnuvas\u0131 i\u00e7in davet al\u0131r. \u00d6nce reddeder, fakat amcas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131srar\u0131yla kat\u0131lmaya karar verir. \u00dclkenin en iyi 16 satran\u00e7 oyuncusunun topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 turnuva Londra 1851\u2019de oldu\u011fu gibi nakavt sistemi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ma\u00e7lar \u00fc\u00e7, final ise be\u015f galibiyet \u00fczerine kuruludur. Morphy, finaldeki rakibi kuvvetli Alman usta Louis Paulsen dahil olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm rakiplerini hi\u00e7 zorluk \u00e7ekmeden yener ve Birle\u015fik Devletler satran\u00e7 \u015fampiyonu olur. Bu ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 Avrupa ziyareti izler, zira Morphy \u0130ngiliz \u015fampiyon Staunton ile oynama iste\u011fi i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n
1858 Haziran\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye ula\u015fan Morphy, Staunton hari\u00e7 bir\u00e7ok \u0130ngiliz Usta ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma \u015fans\u0131 yakalar ve bunlar\u0131 galibiyetle sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131r. S\u00f6z vermesine ra\u011fmen Morphy\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 oynamaktan \u00e7ekinen Staunton uzunca bir s\u00fcre ele\u015ftirilir. Yeni rakip aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan Morphy \u0130ngiliz Kanal\u0131\u2019ndan Fransa\u2019ya ge\u00e7er ve Frans\u0131z usta Daniel Harrwitz\u2019i sa\u011flam bir oyunla yener.<\/p>\n
Paris\u2019te iken bir \u00e7e\u015fit ba\u011f\u0131rsak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7iren Morphy, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem Paris\u2019e gelen Alman usta Adolf Anderssen\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 oynamakta \u0131srarc\u0131d\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n verdi\u011fi t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe ra\u011fmen 7 galibiyet-2 beraberlik- 2 ma\u011flubiyet ile ma\u00e7\u0131 almay\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en iyileri aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilen Anderssen daha sonra Morphy\u2019nin bu oyunu oynayan en iyi oyuncu oldu\u011funu, hatta Frans\u0131z \u015fampiyon Bourdonnais\u2019ten de iyi oldu\u011funu beyan eder. Bu ve bunun gibi bir\u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131dan sonra Morphy Avrupa\u2019da D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar. Hatta Paris\u2019te ad\u0131na verilen bir ziyafette defne a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7i\u00e7ekten ta\u00e7, Morphy\u2019nin heykelt\u0131ra\u015f Eugene Lequesne taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir. 1859 bahar\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Londra\u2019da da benzer bir davette Morphy yine D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu olarak takdim edilir. Ayr\u0131ca 29 May\u0131s 1859\u2019da New York \u015fehrindeki \u00fcniversitede ba\u015fkan Martin Van Buren\u2019in o\u011flu John Van Buren \u201cPaul Morphy, D\u00fcnya Satran\u00e7 \u015eampiyonu\u201d diye bir ba\u015far\u0131 belgesi haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurur.<\/p>\n
\u201cGayri Resmi D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu\u201d Morphy eve d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra satranc\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar ve satran\u00e7 arenas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilir. 1860\u2019larda patlak veren Amerikan i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131nda konfedere orduda hizmet vermeyi reddeder. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f nedeniyle yar\u0131m kalan hukuk kariyeri ile birlikte ruhsal bozukluk belirtileri g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar. 10 Temmuz 1884\u2019te 47 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken k\u00fcvette \u00f6l\u00fc olarak bulunur. \u201cSatranc\u0131n gururu ve kederi\u2019\u2019 olarak an\u0131lan ABD\u2019li satran\u00e7 oyuncusu d\u00f6neminin en iyi satran\u00e7 oyuncusu olarak bilinir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cModern Satran\u00e7\u201d\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Baz\u0131 satran\u00e7 ustalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u015fimdiye kadar gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck satran\u00e7 dehas\u0131 Paul Charles Morphy\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
KAYNAKLAR<\/strong> Paul Charles Morphy, 22 Haziran 1837\u2019de ABD\/New Orleans\/Louisiana\u2019da varl\u0131kl\u0131 ve soylu bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak do\u011far. Babas\u0131 Alonso Michael Morphy, \u0130spanyol-\u0130rlanda k\u00f6kenli soylu Kreol ailesinden gelme bir hukuk\u00e7u, annesi Louise Th\u00e9r\u00e8se F\u00e9licit\u00e9 Thelcide Le Carpentier ise se\u00e7kin Frans\u0131z bir ailenin m\u00fczi\u011fe d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Morphy\u2019nin ailesindeki t\u00fcm erkekler satranca ilgilidir, \u00f6zellikle de kentin en kuvvetli satran\u00e7\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":404,"featured_media":44779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[128,38],"tags":[6815,6816,6814,456],"class_list":["post-44778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-91-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","tag-johann-lowenthal","tag-louisiana-universitesine","tag-paul-charles-morphy","tag-satranc"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44778","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/404"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44778\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n1) http:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Morphy
\n2) http:\/\/www.chessgames.com\/player\/paul_morphy.html
\n3) http:\/\/www.jeremysilman.com\/chess_history\/grt_plyr_pc_morphy.html
\n4) http:\/\/www.satrancokulu.com\/satranc-dersleri\/1505-ilk-cocuk-dahi-paul-charles-morphy.html
\n5) http:\/\/www.chess-poster.com\/great_players\/morphy.htm
\n6) http:\/\/www.satrancokulu.com\/component\/content\/article\/71-rotasyonlu-yaz\/1776-taz-kral-charles-paul-morphy.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"