{"id":44873,"date":"2020-06-16T11:56:54","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T08:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=44873"},"modified":"2020-06-20T12:24:09","modified_gmt":"2020-06-20T09:24:09","slug":"sinek-kuslari-insanlarin-sadece-hayal-edebilecegi-renkleri-bile-gorebiliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/06\/16\/sinek-kuslari-insanlarin-sadece-hayal-edebilecegi-renkleri-bile-gorebiliyor","title":{"rendered":"Sinek ku\u015flar\u0131, insanlar\u0131n sadece hayal edebilece\u011fi renkleri bile g\u00f6rebiliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ku\u015flar yiyecek bulmak, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lardan ka\u00e7mak ve t\u00fcrl\u00fc arazilerde y\u00f6n bulmak i\u00e7in \u00fcst\u00fcn renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00fcveniyorlar.<\/p>\n

Princeton \u00dcniversitesi Ekoloji ve Evrimsel Biyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten Mary Caswell Stoddard, insanlar\u0131n ku\u015flar ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde renklere duyarl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit koni h\u00fccresi bulundu\u011funu fark ederiz. Bu h\u00fccreler k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, ye\u015fil ve mavi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak ku\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131nda ultraviyole \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 olan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc bir t\u00fcr bulunur. Stoddard, \u201cUV \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011fa duyarl\u0131 d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc tip koni h\u00fccrelerine sahip olmak ku\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc renklerin sadece UV \u0131\u015f\u0131k baz\u0131nda geni\u015flemesine neden olmaz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer koni h\u00fccreleri ile birlikte i\u015f g\u00f6rerek farkl\u0131 renk kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n (UV+k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, UV+ye\u015fil,\u2026) ku\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flar. Ancak bu i\u015flevselli\u011fin test edilmesi olduk\u00e7a zordu\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n

Stoddard ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi, ku\u015flar\u0131n renkli d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in do\u011fal ortamda ku\u015flar\u0131n renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ke\u015ffedilmesini sa\u011flayacak yeni bir saha sistemi kurdu ve renkli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak deneylere kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere geni\u015f kuyruklu sinek ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 (Selasphorus platycercus<\/em>) e\u011fitti.<\/p>\n

Stoddard bu noktada \u00f6nemli bir duruma dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: \u201cKu\u015flar\u0131n alg\u0131sal d\u00fcnyalar\u0131na dair en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 deneyler laboratuvarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor ancak laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ku\u015flar\u0131n renkli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kendi g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131nda nas\u0131l kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenememe, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck resmi ka\u00e7\u0131rma riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"Stoddard ve ekibi, insanlarda da bulunan renk konilerinin alg\u0131layabildikleri renklerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n (mavi-ye\u015fil, ye\u015fil-k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131\u2026) aksine beklenen renk spektrumunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan renk kombinasyonlar\u0131na odakland\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin mor renk insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in beklenen renk spektrumunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bir renktir. Mavi (k\u0131sa dalga boyu) ve k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 (uzun dalga boyu) renklerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini sa\u011flayan renk konileri uyar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve ye\u015fil rengi alg\u0131layan renk konileri uyar\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mor renk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Ku\u015flardaki spektral olmayan renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc teorik olarak be\u015f \u00e7e\u015fittir: Mor, UV+k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, UV+ye\u015fil, UV+sar\u0131, UV+mor. Stoddard ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 bu teorik yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ku\u015flar\u0131n spektral olmayan renkleri g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini test etmek i\u00e7in bir dizi deney tasarlad\u0131. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131na Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> portal\u0131nda yer verildi.<\/p>\n

3 y\u0131l boyunca her yaz ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen a\u00e7\u0131k hava deneyleri ve bunlar\u0131 takiben yap\u0131lan kontrol deneyleriyle 6000\u2019den fazla g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131labildi. Deneyler sinek ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n teorideki renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn pratikte de ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu: Sinek ku\u015flar\u0131 mor, UV+k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, UV+ye\u015fil, UV+sar\u0131 renkler dahil olmak \u00fczere spektral olmayan \u00e7e\u015fitli renk kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyordu. \u00d6yle ki, UV+ye\u015fil rengi, saf UV veya saf ye\u015filden kolayca ay\u0131rt edebiliyor, iki farkl\u0131 UV+k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renk aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapabiliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"Sinek ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n spektral olmayan renkleri alg\u0131layabildikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bu renklerin ku\u015flara nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc alg\u0131layabilmek zor. Princeton \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde doktora sonras\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ben Hogan, \u201cKu\u015flar\u0131n bu renkleri nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmemiz imk\u00e2ns\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin UV+k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, bu renklerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ile mi ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, yoksa tamam\u0131yla yeni bir renk mi? Sadece tahminde bulunabiliriz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi son olarak 3315 t\u00fcy ve bitki renginden olu\u015fan bir veri k\u00fcmesini analiz etti. Bu renklerden \u00e7o\u011funu insanlar g\u00f6remedi ancak ku\u015flar renkleri alg\u0131layabildi. Biliminsanlar\u0131 bu noktada ba\u015fka bir durumu vurguluyor: Spektral olmayan renkler muhtemelen di\u011fer renklerden \u00f6nemli veya \u00f6zel de\u011filler. Ku\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi, \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahip spektral olmayan renkler d\u00f6rt renk konisinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6rsel sistemin bir sonucudur. Stoddard bu \u00f6zelli\u011fin k\u00f6kenini i\u015faret ederek, d\u00f6rt renk konisinin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sisteminin erken omurgal\u0131larda evrimle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtti ve ekledi: \u201cBu renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f sistemi ku\u015flar, bir\u00e7ok bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc ve s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan bir \u00f6zelliktir. Sistemin dinozorlarda da mevcut oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Spektral olmayan pek \u00e7ok rengi alg\u0131lama becerisinin sadece sinek ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda hayvanlar\u0131n renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeki yayg\u0131n bir \u00f6zellik oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2020-06-spectacular-bird-eye-view-hummingbirds-diverse.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ku\u015flar yiyecek bulmak, y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lardan ka\u00e7mak ve t\u00fcrl\u00fc arazilerde y\u00f6n bulmak i\u00e7in \u00fcst\u00fcn renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine g\u00fcveniyorlar. Princeton \u00dcniversitesi Ekoloji ve Evrimsel Biyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten Mary Caswell Stoddard, insanlar\u0131n ku\u015flar ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir renk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n g\u00f6z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde renklere duyarl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7e\u015fit koni h\u00fccresi bulundu\u011funu fark […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":44874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[1109,6828,6826,6827],"class_list":["post-44873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-renk","tag-renk-konisi","tag-sinek-kuslari","tag-uv"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44873\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}