{"id":45044,"date":"2011-07-01T12:32:23","date_gmt":"2011-07-01T09:32:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=45044"},"modified":"2020-06-26T12:35:52","modified_gmt":"2020-06-26T09:35:52","slug":"veba-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2011\/07\/01\/veba-3","title":{"rendered":"Veba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Hayvanla\u015fma<br \/>\n<\/strong>Yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda genellikle ya\u015fam\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayan \u00fcnl\u00fc filozof ve yazar Albert Camus <em>La Petse<\/em><em> (Veba) <\/em>adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda Cezayir\u2019in Oran kentinde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren veba olay\u0131n\u0131 konu edinir. Salg\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemi\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 d\u00fczeyde karantinaya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan kentin en sorumlusundan en s\u0131radan insan\u0131na de\u011fin herkes, i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kimi ayr\u0131calar (istisnalar) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimsenin eylem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve istenci kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zorunlu sava\u015f\u0131m verenler de otomatikle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir de veba f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck rantiye\u201d Cottard bunlardan birisidir. Veba etkisini g\u00f6sterdik\u00e7e, o \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fcr\u201d. Kendisi de bu y\u0131k\u0131mdan kurtulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilir, ama ne gam! G\u00f6revlilerden birisi (Tarrou) onun i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cElbette ki o da herkes gibi tehdit alt\u0131nda, ama elle gelen d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bayram\u201d. T\u00fcm ya\u015fam gere\u00e7lerinin karneye ba\u011flanmas\u0131, onun gibilere \u00e7ok verimli bir karaborsac\u0131l\u0131k ve ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayakta kalabilen b\u00fct\u00fcn bir kent halk\u0131 onlar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterisidir art\u0131k. Kovu\u015fturma, yasaklama, yapt\u0131r\u0131m gibi bir tehlike de kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir g\u00fcn veba mikroplar\u0131n\u0131n kendi bedenlerini de saraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve sevin\u00e7le avu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ovarak izledikleri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn er ge\u00e7 kendilerini de silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrece\u011fini bile bile, ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131n en mutlu d\u00f6nemlerinin tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131rlar. K\u0131sacas\u0131 bu f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131lar vebay\u0131 \u00e7ok sevmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Kent y\u00f6neticileri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6revlileri gibi, onlar da otomatikle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k salg\u0131n\u0131n ne \u00f6ncesini ne de sonras\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilen kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; nedenlerini de sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemez olmu\u015ftur herkes. B\u00fct\u00fcn yapabildikleri \u015fey, i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 an\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde debelenmektir.<\/p>\n<p>Bunalt\u0131c\u0131 a\u011fustos s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7evrelerini saran alabildi\u011fine kirlenmi\u015f nesneler, cesetler ve \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nan canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m bile anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. Giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan kokular aras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm ve dirim birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zlemler, pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar, umutlar, umutsuzluklar, k\u0131saca her t\u00fcrl\u00fc duygu kuruyup gitmi\u015f, kurtulu\u015f beklentisi yok olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>Anlat\u0131c\u0131, dibe vurmu\u015f bu insan zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, birbirinden ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6rnekler verir. O sayfalardan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc t\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirerek aktar\u0131yorum:<\/p>\n<p><em>(Roman\u0131n ba\u015fki\u015fisi Dr.) \u201cRieux yorgunlu\u011funu i\u015fte bu t\u00fcr zay\u0131fl\u0131klarla a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliyordu. Duyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyam\u0131yordu art\u0131k. Denetleyemedi\u011fi heyecanlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlenen, kat\u0131la\u015fan ve kuruyan bu duyarl\u0131l\u0131k \u015furas\u0131ndan buras\u0131ndan par\u00e7alan\u0131p kendisini terk ediyordu \u00e7o\u011fu zaman. Tek savuncas\u0131 bu kat\u0131l\u0131\u011fa s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak ve do\u011fru yolunun bu oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fkusu yoktu. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, fazla d\u00fc\u015fler kurmuyordu. \u0130\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zay\u0131fl\u0131k, kurmu\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015fleri de yok ediyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sonunun nereye varaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kestiremedi\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nemde \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6revin, iyile\u015ftirme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Onun g\u00f6revi tan\u0131 koymakt\u0131 yaln\u0131zca. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak, g\u00f6rmek, tan\u0131mlamak, kaydetmek, sonra \u00f6l\u00fcme yarg\u0131lamak, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7abas\u0131 buydu. Kimi bayanlar Rieux\u2019y\u00fc bile\u011finden yakal\u0131yor ve kocalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cYa\u015fam verin ona Doktor!\u201d diye hayk\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ama onun i\u015fi ya\u015fam vermek de\u011fildi; vebal\u0131lar i\u00e7in yapabildi\u011fi tek \u015fey, bir yerlere kapat\u0131p soyutlama re\u00e7etesi yazmakt\u0131. Y\u00fczlerden okudu\u011fu kinin ne anlam\u0131 vard\u0131 ki art\u0131k? Bir g\u00fcn ona \u201cSizde y\u00fcrek yok\u201d demi\u015fti birisi. Ne demek yok? Bir y\u00fcre\u011fi vard\u0131 onun. O y\u00fcrek, g\u00fcnde yirmi saat, ya\u015famak i\u00e7in do\u011fmu\u015f nice insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmeye katlanmas\u0131n\u0131, her g\u00fcn ayn\u0131 \u015feyleri yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bundan sonra ancak buna yetecek bir y\u00fcre\u011fi vard\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir y\u00fcrek nas\u0131l ya\u015fam verebilirdi ki?\u201d (ss. 152-153).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Rieux bilin\u00e7 ile i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn kesi\u015fti\u011fi b\u0131\u00e7ak s\u0131rt\u0131ndad\u0131r art\u0131k. Buna benzer \u00f6rneklerle Camus\u2019nun sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey, \u00f6l\u00fcm ile kal\u0131m aras\u0131nda ya\u015fama tutunan ya da daha do\u011frusu ya\u015famda kalabilen insan\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fidir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 anl\u0131k denecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131sa bile olsa\u2026 \u00d6rne\u011fin ayn\u0131 yazar\u0131n <em>L\u2019Etranger <\/em>(Yabanc\u0131) adl\u0131 roman\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fki\u015fisi Meursault da, \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 giyotin cezas\u0131yla ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kesilerek son nefesini verece\u011fi \u201cbiti\u015f\u201di beklerken, kayg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey \u00f6l\u00fcm de\u011fildir, o ana de\u011fin ya\u015famak zorunda oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrecin hangi duyum ve deneyimlerle doldurulaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Son bir <em>ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f <\/em>yolunun bulunup bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorar kendi kendine; ama \u00f6l\u00fcmden de\u011fil, deneyimini hi\u00e7 ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 giyotin d\u00fczene\u011finden\u2026 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ayg\u0131ttan ge\u00e7me s\u00fcreci de katlanmak zorunda oldu\u011fu bir ya\u015fam ger\u00e7ekli\u011fidir onun i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<p>Veba gibi fa\u015fizm de insan\u0131 edilginle\u015ftiriyor; umudunu ve istencini yok ediyor, duyars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, otomatikle\u015ftiriyor. Korku, korku olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p s\u0131radan bir duyguya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Toplum, birbirinden kopuk bireylere da\u011f\u0131l\u0131yor ve s\u00fcr\u00fcle\u015fiyor, ki\u015filik anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyor. Herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik giri\u015fimi, insanlar\u0131 s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 sarmalayan sanal kal\u0131plara \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Daha sonra bu t\u00fcr giri\u015fimlere de gerek kalm\u0131yor. Giderek insan, art\u0131k i\u015fe yaramayan bilincinden ve istencinden koparak, i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel bir ya\u015fama s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131yor, hayvanla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f<br \/>\n<\/strong>Bir toplumun \u00fcst\u00fcne karabasan gibi \u00e7\u00f6ken, onun kurucu \u00f6\u011felerini ve dokular\u0131n\u0131 giderek artan bir ivmeyle etkisizle\u015ftiren fa\u015fizm salg\u0131n\u0131 da veba gibi \u00f6nlenemeyecek bir felaket midir? Hay\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ne do\u011fadan, ne de tanr\u0131lardan gelen bir y\u0131k\u0131md\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n insana yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kendi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimize d\u00f6nersek, bu soruya yan\u0131t vermeyi sa\u011flayacak <em>a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik <\/em>bir durum \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi yap\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Edilginlikten kurtulamam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n tek s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ya al\u0131nyaz\u0131s\u0131 ya da \u201cTarih Baba\u201d olmu\u015ftur. Biraz daha bilin\u00e7lice g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ikincilerin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle: Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kurulmu\u015f hi\u00e7bir fa\u015fizm uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n <em>skolastik <\/em>anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her yerde fa\u015fizm, ondan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc eylemlerle y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Veban\u0131n son a\u015famas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, her \u015feyin kendi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, acaba \u015feriat salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc ile Cumhuriyet\u2019in birikim g\u00fcc\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma hangisinin yengisiyle sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r? Yoksa Cumhuriyeti b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn y\u0131kacaklar\u0131ndan korktu\u011fumuz i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015fman imgeleri mi yarat\u0131yoruz? Ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz denli zalim olmayabilirler mi? K\u0131sacas\u0131 biz \u201cAtat\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc yurtseverler\u201d birer \u201cparanoyak\u201d m\u0131y\u0131z? Veba salg\u0131n\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f birer \u201ckurban\u201d m\u0131y\u0131z?\u00a0 <em>A\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik<\/em> bir durum \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinin yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulan\u0131k ortamlarda anlams\u0131z bir umuda ya da anlams\u0131z bir umutsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131lmak ayn\u0131 kap\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar: <strong>Hayvanla\u015fmak.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Albert Camus\u2019n\u00fcn, ya\u015famsal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n umars\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nerdi\u011fi tek bir \u015fey vard\u0131r: <strong>Ba\u015fkald\u0131rmak. <\/strong>Al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7mazlar gibi, \u00f6nlenemeyen \u00f6l\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile ba\u015fkald\u0131rmak ve varolu\u015fumuzu <em>a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik <\/em>bir mant\u0131\u011fa dayand\u0131rmak; kendi kendimize: Korkumuza, isten\u00e7sizli\u011fimize, tutuklu\u011fumuza ba\u015fkald\u0131rmak\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, fa\u015fizme ge\u00e7it vermemek i\u00e7in, <strong>insanla\u015fmak gerek.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hayvanla\u015fma Yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda genellikle ya\u015fam\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131 sorgulayan \u00fcnl\u00fc filozof ve yazar Albert Camus La Petse (Veba) adl\u0131 roman\u0131nda Cezayir\u2019in Oran kentinde ba\u015f g\u00f6steren veba olay\u0131n\u0131 konu edinir. Salg\u0131n\u0131n ilerlemi\u015f a\u015famas\u0131nda, \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 d\u00fczeyde karantinaya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan kentin en sorumlusundan en s\u0131radan insan\u0131na de\u011fin herkes, i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kimi ayr\u0131calar (istisnalar) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimsenin eylem [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":835,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126,38,535],"tags":[6862,727,6861,706],"class_list":["post-45044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-89-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-forum","tag-camus","tag-fasizm","tag-rieux-bilinc","tag-veba"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45044","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/835"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45044\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}