{"id":45687,"date":"2020-07-27T12:59:37","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T09:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=45687"},"modified":"2020-07-27T12:59:37","modified_gmt":"2020-07-27T09:59:37","slug":"cicek-hastaliginin-etmeni-olan-virusler-viking-caginda-da-yaygindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/07\/27\/cicek-hastaliginin-etmeni-olan-virusler-viking-caginda-da-yaygindi","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etmeni olan vir\u00fcsler Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’nda da yayg\u0131nd\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl patojenlerinden birinin nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f su\u015flar\u0131 baz\u0131 Vikinglerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine neden olmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fayan Kuzey Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda tespit edilen vir\u00fcslerden DNA toplad\u0131lar. Bu Avrupal\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Vikinglerdi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00fczerinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olan variola vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen (soyu t\u00fckenmi\u015f) soylar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti. 24 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc Science<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n bulgular\u0131 insanlardaki \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tarihi 603 ila 1000 y\u0131l daha geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar daha \u00f6nce, 1600\u2019lerin ortas\u0131ndan kalma bir mumyada modern k\u00f6kenleri 16. veya 17. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanan antik (eski) variola vir\u00fcs\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc DNA izlerini ke\u015ffetmi\u015flerdi. \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 500 milyon kadar insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sorumlu oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor olsa da, vir\u00fcs\u00fcn insanlarda ilk kez ne zaman hastal\u0131\u011fa neden oldu\u011fu h\u00e2l\u00e2 belirsizdir. \u00c7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n etmeni olan variola vir\u00fcs\u00fc, d\u00fcnya genelindeki etkin a\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile yok edilmi\u015f tek insan patojenidir.<\/p>\n

3000 y\u0131ldan daha eski bir tarihe uzanan kay\u0131tlar, o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzeri semptomlar g\u00f6steren insanlar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekteydi ve biliminsanlar\u0131 mumyalanm\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131larda \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan deri lezyonlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti. Ancak bu durumun \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini kan\u0131tlamak zordur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya dahil olmayan ama McMaster \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde evrimsel genetik \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ana Duggan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n olduk\u00e7a heyecan verici oldu\u011funu belirterek \u201cTarihi ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k konusundaki anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z geli\u015fti. Variola vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fimdiye kadar bilinmeyen bir \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yoruz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

Kopenhag \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde hesaplamal\u0131 biyoloji \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Martin Sikora ve ekibi, 150 ila 31000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f 1867 insan\u0131n di\u015f ve kemik \u00f6rneklerinden viral DNA izole etti. Bu insanlar\u0131n 13\u2019\u00fcnde variola vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bulundu: 1000 y\u0131ldan daha fazla bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 boyunca Kuzey Avrupa, Bat\u0131 Rusya ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta ya\u015fayan -baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Vikingler oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen- 11 ki\u015fi vard\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 Rusya\u2019da ya\u015fayan iki ki\u015fi ise modern formlarla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkili olan variola vir\u00fcs\u00fc su\u015flar\u0131 ile enfekte olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Ekip, eski d\u00f6nemlere ait 11 vir\u00fcs\u00fcn genetik plan\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131, Viking d\u00f6nemi su\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimdilerde g\u00f6zlenmeyen bir variola vir\u00fcs grubuna ait oldu\u011fu raporland\u0131. Martin Sikora, bu d\u00f6nemde Avrupa genelinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n olabilece\u011fini ve patojenlerin ciddi hastal\u0131klara neden olabilece\u011fini ifade ediyor. Buna g\u00f6re \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 etmeni olan vir\u00fcsle enfekte olmu\u015f Vikingler, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n seyahat yollar\u0131 boyunca yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f olabilir. Eski d\u00f6nemlere ait variola vir\u00fcsleri yok olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen viral kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, antik DNA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla insanlar\u0131n patojenlerle ili\u015fkisini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir: \u201cBu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klardan kaynakl\u0131 salg\u0131nlar, tarihimizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmu\u015f durumda. Bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ise, buzda\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sadece g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u0131sm\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/smallpox-virus-ancient-dna-teeth-vikings-europeans<\/p>\n

https:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/369\/6502\/eaaw8977<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl patojenlerinden birinin nesli t\u00fckenmi\u015f su\u015flar\u0131 baz\u0131 Vikinglerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmesine neden olmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Viking \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ya\u015fayan Kuzey Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda tespit edilen vir\u00fcslerden DNA toplad\u0131lar. Bu Avrupal\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Vikinglerdi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00fczerinde \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olan variola vir\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen (soyu t\u00fckenmi\u015f) soylar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti. 24 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc Science dergisinde yay\u0131mlanan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":45688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[3347,5764,1108,492],"class_list":["post-45687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-cicek-hastaligi","tag-salgin","tag-viking","tag-virus"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t