{"id":45871,"date":"2020-07-30T00:00:30","date_gmt":"2020-07-29T21:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=45871"},"modified":"2020-07-29T22:39:29","modified_gmt":"2020-07-29T19:39:29","slug":"doga-ve-insan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/07\/30\/doga-ve-insan","title":{"rendered":"Do\u011fa ve \u0130nsan"},"content":{"rendered":"

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Viking yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, Kirk Wallace Johnson\u2019\u0131n eseri \u2018The Feather Thief\u2019 Tring\u2019deki Londra Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nde gen\u00e7 bir m\u00fczisyen olan Edwin Rist\u2019in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi soygunu anlat\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik bu soygun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir tarihte – 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u2013 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Kurgusal de\u011fil.
\nTring\u2019de bulunan Londra Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi aslen Walter Rotschild taraf\u0131ndan kurulan, y\u0131llar boyunca Rotschild i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan avc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan toplanan bir\u00e7ok memeli, ku\u015f, b\u00f6cek ve s\u00fcr\u00fcngene ev sahipli\u011fi yapan bir m\u00fcze. Bu sebeple d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin koleksiyonlar\u0131ndan birine sahiptir. M\u00fczenin koleksiyonu 1858 y\u0131l\u0131nda C. Darwin ile birlikte evrim teorisini bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na duyuran biyolog, biyoco\u011frafyan\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan A. R. Wallace\u2019\u0131n sekiz y\u0131l boyunca toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 materyalleri, Malay Archipelago\u2019da toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Bird of Paradise\u2019 ku\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 da bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. Kirk Wallace Johnson m\u00fczenin koleksiyonundan bu ku\u015flar\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu iki y\u00fcz doksan dokuz egzotik ku\u015fun, t\u00fcyleri i\u00e7in, bir gecede \u00e7al\u0131nma hik\u00e2yesini anlat\u0131yor.
\nSoygunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Edwin Rist m\u00fczik e\u011fitimi almak \u00fczere ABD\u2019den Londra\u2019ya giden gen\u00e7 bir konservatuvar \u00f6\u011frencisi. Fl\u00fct \u00e7al\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda olta yap\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik tan\u0131nan ve sayg\u0131n bir oltac\u0131. M\u00fczeden \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ku\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcylerini \u00e7e\u015fitli online sat\u0131\u015f sitelerinde oltac\u0131l\u0131k ile ilgilenen ki\u015filere satt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. \u00d6ncelikle s\u00f6yleyeyim, dedem olta bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na tutkuluydu. Misinas\u0131na i\u011fneleri ba\u011flarken, bilhassa t\u00fcyleri aranje eder ve \u0131\u015f\u0131kla birlikte g\u00f6z b\u00fcy\u00fcteciyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken saatler saatleri kovalard\u0131. Oltalar\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da t\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren herhangi bir ku\u015fun t\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131rd\u0131: g\u00fcvercin olur, mart\u0131 olur\u2026 Fazlas\u0131yla sab\u0131r isteyen bir i\u015ftir. Anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kadar\u0131yla oltac\u0131l\u0131kta kullan\u0131lan ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6nemi yok. Kitapta anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla Edwin\u2019i b\u00fcy\u00fcleyen viktoryen somon oltas\u0131 i\u00e7in de ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir \u00f6nemi yok. Yine de bu egzotik ku\u015f t\u00fcylerine ilgi olduk\u00e7a fazla. Bu i\u015fin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, ticaretini yapan insanlar var. Bu nadir t\u00fcyler belki bir stat\u00fc g\u00f6stergesi. T\u0131pk\u0131 Viktoryen D\u00f6nem \u015fapkalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu gibi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvanlar\u0131n k\u00fcrkleri gibi ya da s\u00fcr\u00fcngenlerin derilerinden \u00fcretilen ayakkab\u0131lar gibi\u2026
\nDo\u011fa tarihi m\u00fczelerinde zoolojik ve botanik materyaller \u00f6zel ko\u015fullarda korunarak saklan\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc organiktir ve oldu\u011fu gibi tutamazs\u0131n\u0131z. S\u0131ral\u0131 i\u015flemlerin ard\u0131ndan s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol edilen, nemden ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan izole odalarda tutulur. Her biri t\u00fcr ismi, y\u0131l, co\u011frafi lokasyon, koleksiyoncunun ismi gibi bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bilgilere sahip etiketler ta\u015f\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bu bilgiler mevcut ve potansiyel bilimsel tekniklerle incelenmek \u00fczere kaydedilir. Eski do\u011fa tarihi m\u00fczesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olarak en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bilginin dahi kaybolmamas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fini iyi bilirim. Misal, y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l \u00f6nce toplanan bir bitkinin k\u00f6k\u00fcndeki topra\u011f\u0131 detayl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirsiniz ya da farkl\u0131 bir spesimen \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f iklim hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinebilirsiniz. Edwin \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki y\u00fcz doksan dokuz ku\u015fun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 satm\u0131\u015f. Odas\u0131nda bulunan, kalan y\u00fcz yetmi\u015f d\u00f6rt ku\u015fun ise bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan k\u0131ymetli olan etiketleri zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f.
\nEdwin her \u015feyin sonunda motivasyonun daha iyi bir enstr\u00fcman edinmek oldu\u011funu, hatta alt\u0131n bir fl\u00fct sat\u0131n almak ve selektif hayvan yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yapan ailesine maddi destek olmak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. M\u00fczik ekspertlerine g\u00f6re alt\u0131n elementinin enstr\u00fcman\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sese herhangi bir etkisi yok.
\nYazar\u0131n bu hik\u00e2yeyi anlatmas\u0131ndaki amac\u0131 anlayabiliyorum. Edwin\u2019in portresini \u00e7izerken tarihsel ak\u0131\u015ftaki ge\u00e7mi\u015f, \u015fimdi ve gelecekte var olan temel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 olduk\u00e7a net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sererken yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kriminal atmosferin heyecan\u0131yla kitab\u0131n sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7evirdi\u011finizi anlam\u0131yorsunuz.
\n\u00c7al\u0131nan ku\u015flardan \u2018Birds of Paradise\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ku\u015flar, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u2018Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Ku\u015flar\u0131\u2019, \u2018G\u00fcne\u015fin Ku\u015flar\u0131\u2019 ya da en bilinen ve g\u00fcncel isimleriyle \u2018Cennet Ku\u015flar\u0131\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu ku\u015flar insan taraf\u0131ndan kusursuz olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in cennete atfedilmi\u015f; ideal bir \u00f6rnek olarak. Ayn\u0131 insan farkl\u0131 bir t\u00fcr\u00fc ideal konsept ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131nca ona kusurlu olmay\u0131 atfeden \u00f6zellikler verebilir. \u0130nsan kendi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmeyeni bu \u015fekilde k\u0131yasl\u0131yor. Oysaki insan (Homo)<\/em> kendisi de naturan\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve onunla birlikte de\u011fi\u015fir, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve onu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bunu yaparken etken oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 zamanda edilgendir.
\n\u00dcnl\u00fc jeolog C. Lyell, 13 Mart 1869 tarihinde A. R. Wallace\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta hakk\u0131nda \u2018\u2018Darwin\u2019in \u2018Voyage of the Beagle\u2019\u0131ndan beri ona e\u015fde\u011fer bir \u015fey okumam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m\u2019\u2019 diye bahsetti\u011fi Malay Archipelago<\/em>\u2019da Wallace do\u011fa ve insan ili\u015fkisine dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:
\n\u201cIt seems sad, that on the hand such exquisite creatures should live out their lives and exhibit their charms only in these wild inhospitable regions, doomed for ages yet to come to hopeless barbarism; while on the other hand, should civilized man ever reach these distant lands, and bring moral, intellectual, and physical light into the recesses of these virgin forests, we may be sure that he will so disturb the nicely-balanced relations of organic and inorganic nature as to cause the disappearance, and finally the extinction of these very beings whose wonderful structure and beauty he alone is fitted to appreciate and enjoy. This consideration must surely tell us that all living things were not made for man.\u201d(1)
\n<\/em>\u201cB\u00f6ylesine muhte\u015fem yarat\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6m\u00fcrlerini b\u00f6yle \u00e7etin ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, umars\u0131z barbarizmin \u00e7a\u011flar boyunca daha ziyaret etmeyece\u011fi bu vah\u015fi ve ya\u015fanmaz topraklarda t\u00fcketmeleri ve g\u00fczelliklerini sergilemeleri \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc. \u00d6te yandan, medeniyet bu uzak topraklara bir kez geldi mi; beraberinde getirdi\u011fi ahlaki, entelekt\u00fcel ve fiziksel \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu bakir ormanlara bir kez girdi mi; \u015fundan emin olabiliriz ki organik olsun inorganik olsun do\u011fal dengeyi ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 edecek ve bunu, g\u00fczellikleri ancak insanlar taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilebilecek muhte\u015fem yap\u0131daki varl\u0131klar\u0131n kaybolu\u015fu hatta t\u00fckeni\u015fi takip edecektir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar bize t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n insan i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir.\u201d(*)
\nKirk Wallace Johnson\u2019\u0131n kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 The Feather Thief: Beauty, Obsession, and the Natural History Heist of the Century<\/em> insan ve do\u011fa ili\u015fkisi \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren, s\u00fcr\u00fckleyici bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOT
\n<\/strong>1) Wallace, A. R. (1869): The Malay Archipelago: The Land of The Orang-Utan, And the Bird of Paradise. A Narrative of Travel, With Studies of Man And Nature<\/em>, London: Macmillan and Co. S. 223-224.<\/p>\n

The Feather Thief
\n<\/strong>-Beauty, Obsession, and the Natural History Heist of the Century, <\/strong>Kirk W. Johnson, <\/strong>Viking, 2018<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Viking yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan, Kirk Wallace Johnson\u2019\u0131n eseri \u2018The Feather Thief\u2019 Tring\u2019deki Londra Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi\u2019nde gen\u00e7 bir m\u00fczisyen olan Edwin Rist\u2019in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi soygunu anlat\u0131yor. \u00dcstelik bu soygun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir tarihte – 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u2013 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Kurgusal de\u011fil. Tring\u2019de bulunan Londra Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi aslen Walter Rotschild taraf\u0131ndan kurulan, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":874,"featured_media":45638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6912,38,513,510,511],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-45871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-196-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/874"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45871"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45871\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}