{"id":45875,"date":"2020-07-30T00:00:24","date_gmt":"2020-07-29T21:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=45875"},"modified":"2020-07-29T23:21:38","modified_gmt":"2020-07-29T20:21:38","slug":"nazi-uniformasi-giymeyen-fasizm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/07\/30\/nazi-uniformasi-giymeyen-fasizm","title":{"rendered":"Nazi \u00fcniformas\u0131 giymeyen fa\u015fizm\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Her kavram\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u201cyeni\u201d tak\u0131s\u0131 alarak bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi genel anlamda olumsuz kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, kavram\u0131n i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeyi salt diyalektik bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel ko\u015fullar ba\u011flam\u0131nda hak etti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimin ay\u0131rd\u0131na var\u0131r\u0131z. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kavram\u0131n bilimsel y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oluruz. 3.Enternasyonal ve Dimitrov\u2019un bir kavram olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu fa\u015fizm \u00fczerine \u00e7ok\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cVar m\u0131d\u0131r, yok mudur, varsa ne kadar vard\u0131r?\u201d<\/em> gibi tart\u0131\u015fmalar ise uzun s\u00fcredir \u00fclkemizde solun g\u00fcndemini i\u015fgal ediyor.
\nGe\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde Ergin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu\u2019nun Yeni Fa\u015fizm<\/em> isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 t\u00fcm bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde merce\u011fi bir ger\u00e7eklik \u00fczerine tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir\u00e7ok de\u011ferlendirmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek ise konu itibariyle fa\u015fizm tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n halen doyurucu bir niteli\u011fe ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimini uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Zira kitab\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 olumlayanlarla birlikte, anlaml\u0131 buldu\u011fu halde derinlikli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler ve ele\u015ftirenler de oldu. Hatta yazar\u0131n bir sitem olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131fsal yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n gereklili\u011fini abartanlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu dahi s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.
\nY\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu\u2019nun kitab\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda UmbertoEco\u2019dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ise okuyucuya onun fa\u015fizmin ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde herg\u00fcn yeniden ve yeniden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu sav\u0131n\u0131 inatla savundu\u011funu hissettiriyor. \u201c21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131, fa\u015fizmin tekrar Nazi \u00fcniformas\u0131yla gelece\u011fini sanmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <\/em>Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu\u2019nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re bina etmesi \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131. Zira tan\u0131m\u0131 neredeyse 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir a\u00e7\u0131klama ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 referans g\u00f6stererek \u201cfa\u015fizm mi, hadi can\u0131m sizde\u201d<\/em> diyenlerle de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labiliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu bir yandan kavram\u0131n i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ze dair bir \u015feyler s\u00f6ylerken bir yandan da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor.
\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na salg\u0131n s\u00fcrecinin ekonomik ve siyasal geli\u015fmelerde ne kadar etkili oldu\u011funa dair tespitlerle ba\u015flayan Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, ya\u015fanan bu yeni s\u00fcrecin getirdiklerini de kavram\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00f6zenle yediriyor. Ayr\u0131ca yazar\u0131n ekonomik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanan ekonomik krizin ve tekeller ile s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7erisinde olan iktidarlar\u0131n kat\u0131 tedbirlerin i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedenleri iyi takip etmesi ortaya koydu\u011fu serimlemelerin de zeminini olu\u015fturuyor. Ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde y\u00fckselen tek lider ve otoriterizm, dinci ve milliyet\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ile beraber k\u00fcresel \u00e7aptaki bir salg\u0131nda dahi belirli s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131 bir anlamda sentezliyor.
\nY\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re bir taraftan ekonomik kriz i\u00e7inde neoliberalizmin otoriter e\u011filimlerinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendi\u011finden s\u00f6z edilirken di\u011fer tarafta sa\u011f pop\u00fclizm ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 e\u011filimler, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc liderler arzusu y\u00fckseliyor. Otoriter lider, sa\u011f pop\u00fclizmin etkisinde politikle\u015fen kitleler, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, milliyet\u00e7ilik ise do\u011fal olarak \u201cfa\u015fizm\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc akla getiriyor. Bu ba\u011flamda ABD, Polonya, Macaristan, \u0130talya, Almanya, Fransa, Avusturya, \u0130ngiltere gibi Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ile birlikte Hindistan, Filipinler ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fanan benzerlikler dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.
\nY\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 ile birlikte 7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda k\u0131sa bir fa\u015fizm tarihiyle birlikte Almanya ve \u0130talya \u00fczerinde titizlikle duruyor.Daha sonra fa\u015fizmler diyerek konuya giren Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, olgulara g\u00f6re bi\u00e7im alan niteli\u011fine at\u0131fta bulunarak evrensel kimi \u00f6zelliklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak fa\u015fizm niteli\u011finin anla\u015fabilece\u011fine vurgu yap\u0131yor.Ona g\u00f6re, \u00f6zellikle iktidara gelerek fa\u015fist devlet in\u015fa eden, gelemeyerek s\u00f6n\u00fcp giden hareketlerin hemen hepsi i\u00e7in fa\u015fist kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullanabiliyorsak, bu kavram\u0131n, bu birbirinden farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri olan hareketleri ve rejimleri, fa\u015fizm olarak tan\u0131mlamaya izin veren kimi evrensel \u00f6zellikleri, hatta belki de evrensel tan\u0131m\u0131 olmal\u0131 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekiyor.
\nErgin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu bu perspektifle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan otoriter rejim ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ise kimi zorlama kavramlar ile a\u00e7\u0131klanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u201cOtoriter liberalizm\u201d, \u201csa\u011f pop\u00fclizm\u201d, \u201cilliberalizm\u201d gibi tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 ise varolan ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6rtme \u00e7abas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u00d6nerilen m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imlerinin yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ayn\u0131 oranda belirleyici oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. Bu anlamda ele\u015ftiri oklar\u0131n\u0131 entelijansiyaya y\u00f6neltmeyi de ihmal etmiyor. Liberal, Marksist ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel boyuta odaklanan fa\u015fizm tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131nade\u011finen Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, Marksistlerin fa\u015fizm tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n eksikliklerini Poulantzas\u2019a dayanarak ele\u015ftirirken Poulantzas\u2019\u0131n zay\u0131f noktalar\u0131na da de\u011finiyor.
\nFa\u015fizm nedir ve \u201cs\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak fa\u015fizmin\u201d her\u00fclkede farkl\u0131 ritimde ve bile\u015fenleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 s\u0131rada ilerleyecek olmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazm\u0131d\u0131r? Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu bu soruya ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00f6yle bir yan\u0131t vermeyi tercih ediyor.
\n\u201cBazen \u00f6nce fa\u015fist ideoloji \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor, bazen de fa\u015fist ya da fa\u015fistle\u015fecek lider ve entelijensiya\/kitle. Birincisinde ya\u015famsal bir riskle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan kapitalizmin yeniden \u00fcretimiyle ilgili de\u011ferler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler ve tarzlar\/estetik s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u201cyeni\u201d bir \u015fekillenme s\u00f6z konusuyken, ikincisinde belli tarihsel ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde kendini toplumun geri kalan\u0131ndan farkl\u0131, hatta \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6ren ve ortak de\u011ferler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler etraf\u0131nda bir araya gelerek \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir s\u0131n\u0131f\/tabaka olarak \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flayan bir entelijansiya s\u00f6z konusudur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yeni Fa\u015fizm
\n<\/strong>Ergin Y\u0131ld\u0131zo\u011flu, Cumhuriyet Kitaplar\u0131, 2020, 112 s.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Her kavram\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne \u201cyeni\u201d tak\u0131s\u0131 alarak bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi genel anlamda olumsuz kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, kavram\u0131n i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeyi salt diyalektik bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00fcncel ko\u015fullar ba\u011flam\u0131nda hak etti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fimin ay\u0131rd\u0131na var\u0131r\u0131z. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kavram\u0131n bilimsel y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 da sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oluruz. 3.Enternasyonal ve Dimitrov\u2019un bir kavram olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu fa\u015fizm \u00fczerine \u00e7ok\u00e7a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":185,"featured_media":45639,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6912,38,513,510,511],"tags":[6933,6932],"class_list":["post-45875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-196-sayi","category-dergi-sayilari","category-kitapcil","category-surekli-bolumler","category-yayin-dunyasi","tag-ergin-yildizoglu","tag-yeni-fasizm"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t