{"id":46099,"date":"2020-08-26T10:36:53","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T07:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=46099"},"modified":"2020-08-26T10:36:53","modified_gmt":"2020-08-26T07:36:53","slug":"gelisimin-dinamigi-melezlesme-ve-yeni-sentezler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/08\/26\/gelisimin-dinamigi-melezlesme-ve-yeni-sentezler","title":{"rendered":"Geli\u015fimin dinami\u011fi: Melezle\u015fme ve yeni sentezler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bilindi\u011fi gibi Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130brahim Kal\u0131n, \u201cBize 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r modernizm ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yeleri anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d demi\u015fti. Hemen akabinde \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u201cmilli ve yerli\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel \u00f6nderli\u011finde d\u00fcnya klasiklerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hareketi \u201cBat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u201d olarak karaland\u0131, Medeni Kanun oras\u0131ndan buras\u0131ndan \u00e7eki\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131, \u201czina tekrar su\u00e7 olsun\u201d talepleri gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015f zaten \u00f6teden beri \u201cbir g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde toplum dilini kaybetti\u201d kand\u0131rmacas\u0131 ile karalanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu konuyu, Bilim ve Gelecek\u2019in \u00e7\u0131kacak olan Eyl\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cModernite kimin hik\u00e2yesi?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla enine boyuna tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131k; okurlar inceleyecektir. Bu k\u0131sa yaz\u0131da ise uygarl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinin geli\u015fiminde \u201cyabanc\u0131l\u0131k-yerlilik\u201d meselesine de\u011finmek, uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n birbirini reddederek de\u011fil birbirinden \u00f6\u011frenerek geli\u015febildi\u011fini vurgulamak istiyoruz. G\u00f6r\u00fclecektir ki, \u201car\u00eelik\u201d her zaman ilkelliktir, \u201cmelezle\u015fmek\u201d ise geli\u015fimin dinamiklerinden biridir. Notlar halinde yazaca\u011f\u0131z; belki daha sonra detayland\u0131r\u0131r ve derinle\u015ftiririz.<\/p>\n

1) Bizzat uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 bile bir \u201cmelezle\u015fme\u201d sonucudur. \u00c7ok uzun s\u00fcre (b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Paleolitik d\u00f6nem boyu, yani 3 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden M\u00d6 10 bin civar\u0131 Neoliti\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015fe kadarki d\u00f6nem) fazla bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6stermeden ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren insan topluluklar\u0131, son 10-12 bin y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bu 10-12 bin y\u0131l Neolitik d\u00f6nemi, uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini ve uygarl\u0131k d\u00f6nemini kaps\u0131yor. Uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fin, iki farkl\u0131 neolitik topluluk bi\u00e7imi olan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7obanlarla yerle\u015fik \u00e7ift\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki -\u00e7o\u011funlukla sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131- ili\u015fkiler sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en fazla kabul g\u00f6ren ve buluntularla desteklenen tez. Bir \u201ctoplumsal art\u0131\u201d yaratma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131yan yerle\u015fik \u00e7ift\u00e7i topluluklar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 dinamikleriyle bu \u201cart\u0131\u201dy\u0131 yaratma \u201czahmetine\u201d girmedikleri tespit edilmi\u015f. Hatta bu topluluklar\u0131n kendine yeterlili\u011finin uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fe engel te\u015fkil etti\u011fi de belirtiliyor. Kendine yeterli olmayan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7oban topluluklar\u0131n ise i\u00e7 dinamikleriyle (kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na) bir toplumsal art\u0131 yaratarak uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fleri zaten olanaks\u0131z. Ancak bu iki farkl\u0131 neolitik toplulu\u011fun ili\u015fkiye ge\u00e7mesi ve bu ili\u015fkinin belli bir k\u0131vama gelmesi sonucu uygarl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7iliyor. Yani g\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7obanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fik \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere -onlar\u0131 sadece ya\u011fmalay\u0131p, biriktirdiklerine el koyup yok etmeleri bi\u00e7iminde de\u011fil- \u00e7\u00f6kmeleri ve ba\u015flar\u0131na ge\u00e7meleri sonucu uygarl\u0131k filizleniyor. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 Al\u00e2eddin \u015eenel\u2019in \u201c\u0130lkel Topluluktan Uygar Topluma\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 da \u201cTarih Tezi\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde bu olguyu \u2018tarihsel devrimler\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vererek inceler.<\/p>\n

2) \u0130lk uygar toplumun, M\u00d6 4000-3500 dolaylar\u0131nda F\u0131rat ve Dicle \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklarda, Mezopotamya\u2019da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. S\u00fcmerler diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Nil deltas\u0131nda odaklanan M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (M\u00d6 3000), Kuzey Hindistan\u2019da \u0130ndus nehrinin civar\u0131nda do\u011fan \u0130ndus (Eski Hint) uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (M\u00d6 3000-2500) ve ard\u0131ndan Sar\u0131 Irmak vadisindeki \u00c7in uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (M\u00d6 1500) izler.<\/p>\n

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G\u00f6\u00e7ebe \u00e7obanlar\u0131n yerle\u015fik \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere -onlar\u0131 sadece ya\u011fmalay\u0131p, biriktirdiklerine el koyup yok etmeleri bi\u00e7iminde de\u011fil- \u00e7\u00f6kmeleri ve ba\u015flar\u0131na ge\u00e7meleri sonucu uygarl\u0131k filizlenir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu uygar toplumlar, birbirlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve habersiz olarak m\u0131 geli\u015fmelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler; yoksa \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczeylerde ili\u015fkileri var m\u0131yd\u0131? Birbirlerinden etkilendiler mi? Uzmanlar, S\u00fcmerlere ait y\u00fcksek pruval\u0131 gemilerin birdenbire M\u0131s\u0131r resimlerinde g\u00f6z\u00fckmesinden hareketle, Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n uygarl\u0131k birikiminden yararlanan M\u0131s\u0131r toplumunun, S\u00fcmerlerin bin y\u0131lda ula\u015fabildikleri sonuca, yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131l gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde ula\u015farak, M\u00d6 3000 dolaylar\u0131nda S\u00fcmer uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit d\u00fczeyde bir uygarl\u0131k geli\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtirler. Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ndus uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde de benzer etkilerinin oldu\u011fu, iki b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda yo\u011fun bir ticaretin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mezopotamya\u2019da bulunan \u0130ndus yap\u0131s\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcr ve mallardan biliniyor. \u00d6te yandan baz\u0131 S\u00fcmer tabletlerinde Mezopotamya ile \u0130ndus vadisi aras\u0131ndaki ticaret yollar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilere rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uzmanlar, ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 M\u00d6 1500\u2019lere tarihlenen Sar\u0131 Irmak vadisindeki \u00c7in uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da Mezopotamya ile ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011funu, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00c7in\u2019de tun\u00e7 i\u015fletmecili\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ani geli\u015fmenin Mezopotamya etkisi ile olu\u015ftu\u011funu belirtiyorlar.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, farkl\u0131 fakat yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde ye\u015feren ilk uygar toplumlar\u0131n belli d\u00fczeylerde etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde olduklar\u0131, birbirlerinin geli\u015fimlerini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131, birbirlerinin \u201chik\u00e2yelerinden\u201d \u00f6\u011frendikleri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Hen\u00fcz b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f bir uygarl\u0131ktan s\u00f6z edemeyiz ama \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u0131lcal damarlardan beslenen bir uygarl\u0131k damar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmakta oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu konuda da geni\u015f bilgiye A. \u015eenel\u2019in yukar\u0131da and\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z eserinden ve elbette daha bir\u00e7ok kaynaktan ula\u015f\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

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Pisagor\u2019a atfedilen \u00fcnl\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131 (bir dik \u00fc\u00e7gende kenarlar\u0131n karelerinin toplam\u0131 hipoten\u00fcs\u00fcn karesine e\u015fittir) 1000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Babil\u2019de biliniyordu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

3) Bilindi\u011fi gibi Bat\u0131-merkezci emperyalist ideologlar Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cGrek mucizesi\u201d diye lanse ederler. Ama bug\u00fcn art\u0131k kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, esas olarak Mezopotamya ve M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n temelinde y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Kald\u0131 ki, bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n eserlerini veren \u0130yonyal\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler, Mezopotamya\u2019n\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n kadim merkezlerini gezdiklerini, oralardan \u00f6\u011frendiklerini Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 teslim ederler. Onlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekleri \u00e7arp\u0131tmaya ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 yoktur. Esin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019da oldu\u011funu gururla belirtirler. Zaten ba\u015fka bir yerde de olamazd\u0131; o d\u00f6nemlerde Avrupa birka\u00e7 Yunan kolonisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda barbar halklar\u0131n kol gezdi\u011fi bir co\u011frafyayd\u0131. Ege\u2019nin iki yakas\u0131nda geli\u015fen uygarl\u0131k, Mezopotamya ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019dan ald\u0131klar\u0131na kendi rengini de katarak bir senteze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6nemin uygarl\u0131k merkezi olmu\u015f ve kendisinden sonra gelenlere bu sentezi aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nemi, bilebildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla tarihteki ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131k sentezini ba\u015farmas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nceki uygarl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve etkilenmeden s\u00f6z ederken, burada etkilenmeyi a\u015fan bir sentez s\u00f6z konusudur. Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendisinden \u00f6nceki birikimin dam\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir pota olabilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmeye ve uygarl\u0131k damar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek anlamda olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131 Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir \u201cmucize\u201d de\u011fildir; ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla melez bir uygarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu konuda de\u011ferli bilim tarih\u00e7imiz Ayd\u0131n Say\u0131l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cM\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131larda ve Mezopotamyal\u0131larda Matematik, Astronomi ve T\u0131p\u201d adl\u0131 eserinin \u00f6zellikle \u201cM\u0131s\u0131r ve Mezopotamya \u0130limlerinin Yunan \u0130lminin Temelindeki Yeri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nerebiliriz.<\/p>\n

4) Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yine de g\u00f6reli bir b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmedir; olu\u015fan sentezde Hint ve \u00c7in uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n rengini fazla g\u00f6remiyoruz. Bu renklerin de b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131yla tabloya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 y\u0131l ge\u00e7mesi, ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck sentez olarak de\u011ferlendirebilece\u011fimiz Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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\u0130slam uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fme d\u00f6neminde \u00fcnl\u00fc Antik Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin eserleri h\u0131zla Arap\u00e7aya \u00e7evrilire, yeniden yorumlan\u0131r, son derece \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortamlarda \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi, ilk kez bu d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekten b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f bir uygarl\u0131ktan s\u00f6z edilebilmesidir. Olu\u015fan tabloya, Mezopotamya-M\u0131s\u0131r-Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n rengi kadar, Hint, \u00c7in ve Orta Asya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n renkleri de kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Muhammed (\u0130slam) hareketiyle tarih sahnesine giren Arap toplumu, uzun s\u00fcre Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ilk Abbasi halifeleri d\u00f6neminde Ba\u011fdat, \u015eam gibi kentler b\u00fcy\u00fck birer uygarl\u0131k merkezidir ve \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u00e7evrenin bilim, sanat, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n\u0131 kendisine \u00e7ekmektedir. \u00dcnl\u00fc Antik Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinin eserleri h\u0131zla Arap\u00e7aya \u00e7evrilmekte, yeniden yorumlanmakta, son derece \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortamlarda \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Antik Yunan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n -onu a\u015fan- bir devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bu uygarl\u0131k at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, giderek g\u00fcneybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, kuzeydo\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de \u0130ran\u2019a do\u011fru dalga dalga yay\u0131l\u0131r. Bir d\u00f6nem sonra ise (11-12. y\u00fczy\u0131llar) zaten kadim bir uygarl\u0131k merkezi olan Fars co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ve Orta Asya i\u00e7lerinden gelerek \u0130slamiyet\u2019i kabul eden T\u00fcrklerin, yorulan Araplardan \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devrald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Farslar ve T\u00fcrkler taze kan getirmekle kalmam\u0131\u015flar, o d\u00f6neme kadar nispeten kendi i\u00e7ine kapal\u0131 geli\u015fen Hint ve \u00c7in uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n birikiminin de ana damara kat\u0131lmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etmi\u015flerdir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n doru\u011fu diyebilece\u011fimiz bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7in\u2019den End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k ate\u015finin yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

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Hasan \u00c2li Y\u00fccel d\u00f6neminde \u00fcniversite reformu, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fclerinin kurulmas\u0131, Terc\u00fcme B\u00fcrosu\u2019nun kurularak d\u00fcnya klasiklerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131 \u0130slam uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da o d\u00f6neme dek g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f en melez uygarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Zaten etkisi de buradan kaynaklan\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Kuran yorumculu\u011fuyla yetinilmesini isteyen kelamc\u0131lar (\u00f6rn. Gazzali) ile insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n o g\u00fcne kadarki birikiminden faydalanmak isteyen felsefeciler (\u00f6rn. Kindi, Farabi, \u0130bn Sina, \u0130bn R\u00fc\u015fd) aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma bilinir. Felsefeciler \u201cKuran\u2019dan uzakla\u015fmakla, yabanc\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yaymakla\u201d su\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Gazzali fikriyat\u0131n\u0131n hakim olmas\u0131ndan sonra \u0130slam uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne hale geldi\u011fi biliniyor. Bu konuda Hasan Ayd\u0131n ve Mehmet Da\u011f\u2019\u0131n \u201cOrta\u00e7a\u011f \u0130slam K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Felsefe\u201d, Hasan Ayd\u0131n\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u0130slam K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde Felsefenin Krizi ve Ayd\u0131nlanma Sorunu\u201d adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerebiliriz.<\/p>\n

5) Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir \u201cmucize\u201d olarak veya \u201cR\u00f6nesans\u201d ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi Antik Yunan\u2019dan sonraki \u201cyeniden do\u011fu\u015f\u201d olarak de\u011fil, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Do\u011fu uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sentez temelinde geli\u015fir. Bat\u0131, \u00f6nce 12.-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda bu b\u00fcy\u00fck mirasa \u00e7eviri yoluyla sahip olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da koymaya ba\u015flayarak o b\u00fcy\u00fck Bat\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaratabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201cModernite\u201d diye adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu s\u00fcrecin tarih i\u00e7indeki yerini ve \u00f6nemini Bilim ve Gelecek\u2019in Eyl\u00fcl say\u0131s\u0131nda bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca Hilmi Ziya \u00dclken\u2019in \u201cUyan\u0131\u015f D\u00f6nemlerinde Terc\u00fcmenin Rol\u00fc\u201d ve Alp Hamuro\u011flu\u2019nun \u201cDo\u011fu\u2019dan Bat\u0131\u2019ya Uygarl\u0131k Kap\u0131lar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerebiliriz.<\/p>\n

6) Bug\u00fcnlerde s\u0131k\u00e7a referans yap\u0131lan Fatih d\u00f6nemi de bu a\u00e7\u0131dan ilgin\u00e7tir. \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethedilmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imparatorla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin de ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Fatih kurmaya giri\u015fti\u011fi imparatorluk kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 nereden alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Bizans\u2019tan! Bu da \u00e7ok do\u011fald\u0131r. Ba\u015fka nereden alacakt\u0131? Hikmet K\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131ml\u0131 bu \u201cfethederken fethedilme\u201d s\u00fcrecini \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Tarihinin Maddesi\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

7) Gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyet de yeni ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir toplum kurma hedefiyle insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n mevcut birikimini ve \u00f6zellikle uygarl\u0131k tarihindeki en \u00f6nemli k\u00f6\u015fe ta\u015f\u0131 olan Modernite s\u00fcrecinin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye toplumuna kazand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar \u201cyabanc\u0131lar\u0131n hik\u00e2yesi\u201d de\u011fildir; insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birikimidir.<\/p>\n

8) Son olarak Nazi Almanya\u2019s\u0131nda ya\u015fan bir \u00f6rne\u011fi de ekleyelim. Naziler modern fizi\u011fi \u201cYahudi bilimi\u201d olarak niteleyip \u201cAri fizik\u201d geli\u015ftirmeye kalkm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (Bkz. A. D. Beyerchen, Nazi D\u00f6neminde Bilim, \u00c7ev. Haluk Tosun, Alan Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ekim 1985) H\u00fcsranla sonu\u00e7lanan bu \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fimi incelemeyi \u00f6neririz.<\/p>\n

9) Elbette bu uygarl\u0131k sentezlerinin ve giderek daha \u00fcst boyutlarda b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmenin (melezle\u015fmenin) sosyo-ekonomik ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal nedenleri var. Bu yaz\u0131da konumuz bu de\u011fil. Sadece \u015funu ekleyelim: \u201cYabanc\u0131lar\u0131n hik\u00e2yelerini\u201d almakla su\u00e7lanan gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyet, yak\u0131n tarihimizin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en anti-emperyalist y\u00f6netimidir. Emperyalistlere kar\u015f\u0131 kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 vermi\u015fler, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f bir imparatorluktan gen\u00e7 bir cumhuriyet \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flar; daha ne olsun\u2026 \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k birikimini \u201cyabanc\u0131\u201d diye reddedenler her zaman gericiler ve geli\u015fmeyi \u201cgeri\u201d dedikleri toplumlara yasaklayan emperyalistler olmu\u015ftur. Bat\u0131-merkezcilerle Do\u011fu-merkezcilerin ortak noktas\u0131d\u0131r bu. Zaten bilinen i\u015fbirliklerinin temelinde bu olgu yatar.<\/p>\n

10) K\u0131sacas\u0131, ne kadar farkl\u0131 k\u00f6klerden besleniyorsan, ne kadar melezsen ve bunlar\u0131 ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir potada eritip kendi rengini de katabiliyorsan o kadar geli\u015fmi\u015fsin; ne kadar \u201car\u00ee\u201d isen, safsan, benmerkezciysen o kadar ilkelsin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bilindi\u011fi gibi Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130brahim Kal\u0131n, \u201cBize 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r modernizm ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n hik\u00e2yeleri anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u201d demi\u015fti. Hemen akabinde \u0130stanbul S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi \u201cmilli ve yerli\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131, Hasan Ali Y\u00fccel \u00f6nderli\u011finde d\u00fcnya klasiklerinin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hareketi \u201cBat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k\u201d olarak karaland\u0131, Medeni Kanun oras\u0131ndan buras\u0131ndan \u00e7eki\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131, \u201czina tekrar su\u00e7 olsun\u201d talepleri gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131, Latin alfabesine ge\u00e7i\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":493,"featured_media":46100,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[1666,6960,1566,1178,5532,477],"class_list":["post-46099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-antik-yunan","tag-melezlesmek","tag-misir","tag-modernite","tag-topluluk","tag-uygarlik"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46099","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/493"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46099"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46099\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46099"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46099"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46099"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}