{"id":46220,"date":"2020-08-28T13:04:18","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T10:04:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=46220"},"modified":"2020-08-28T13:14:26","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T10:14:26","slug":"sitma-hastaligiyla-mucadelede-yeni-bir-donemec-sivrisineklerin-bagisiklik-hucrelerinin-haritasi-cikarildi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2020\/08\/28\/sitma-hastaligiyla-mucadelede-yeni-bir-donemec-sivrisineklerin-bagisiklik-hucrelerinin-haritasi-cikarildi","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131tma ile m\u00fccadelede yeni bir d\u00f6neme\u00e7: Sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinin haritas\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Malaria, yani s\u0131tma, sadece 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nca 200 milyondan fazla insan\u0131 etkileyen ve tahmini olarak 405.000 insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011funu be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit eden hastal\u0131klardan biri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

S\u0131tma paraziti (Plasmodium), Anofel cinsi (Anopheles) sivrisineklerin di\u015fi bireyleri taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130nsanlardan sivrisineklere ve ard\u0131ndan sivrisineklerden insanlara do\u011fru giden bula\u015fma zincirini k\u0131rmak, s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00f6nlenmesinde ve bula\u015fmalar\u0131n en aza indirilmesinde etkili olan bir anahtard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"S\u0131tma paraziti sivrisinekler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131nsa da sivrisineklerde s\u0131tma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmez. Biliminsanlar\u0131, sivrisineklerin s\u0131tma ve di\u011fer enfeksiyon hastal\u0131klar\u0131yla nas\u0131l m\u00fccadele etti\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine odakland\u0131. Wellcome Sanger Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u0130sve\u00e7 Ume\u00e5 \u00dcniversitesi ve ABD Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri’nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, s\u0131tma enfeksiyonunun s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve nadir olarak g\u00f6zlenen bir h\u00fccre t\u00fcr\u00fc ile birlikte sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminde etkili olan di\u011fer h\u00fccre t\u00fcrlerini ke\u015ffetti ve sivrisinek ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerine ili\u015fkin ilk atlas\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca s\u0131tma parazitinin kontrol alt\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan molek\u00fcler yolaklar belirlendi.<\/p>\n

Science<\/em> dergisinde yay\u0131nlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, sivrisineklerin s\u0131tma parazitini insanlara bula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin ve s\u0131tma bula\u015fma zincirini k\u0131rman\u0131n yeni yollar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in e\u015fsiz f\u0131rsatlar sunuyor. Biliminsanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan h\u00fccre atlas\u0131, Dang veya Zika vir\u00fcsleri gibi sivrisineklerce ta\u015f\u0131nan enfeksiyon ajanlar\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 di\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar i\u00e7in de de\u011ferli bir kaynak konumunda.<\/p>\n

Sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131k sistemi, parazitlerin veya vir\u00fcslerin v\u00fccut i\u00e7erisinde etkisiz hale getirilip getirilmedi\u011fini kontrol eder. Ancak bu i\u015flevi yerine getiren ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi h\u00fccre tipleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az \u015fey bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sivrisineklerinin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinin ilk kez incelendi\u011fi bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi iki t\u00fcr sivrisinek \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u0131tma parazitinin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olabilen Anopheles gambiae<\/em> ve Dang, Chikungunya ve Zika enfeksiyonlar\u0131na neden olan vir\u00fcslerin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olabilen Aedes aegypti<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, her bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccresinde hangi genlerin aktif oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek ve her bir h\u00fccre tipine \u00f6zg\u00fc molek\u00fcler belirte\u00e7leri (molecular markers) belirlemek i\u00e7in son teknoloji h\u00fccre biyolojisi tekniklerini kullanarak 8500\u2019den fazla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccresini analiz etti. Ekip, daha \u00f6nceki analizlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclenden en az iki kat daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccresi t\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. Bu h\u00fccrelerin sivrisineklerin dola\u015f\u0131m sistemlerinde, ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda ve di\u011fer b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde g\u00f6zlemlenmesi i\u00e7in belirte\u00e7ler kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Anofel cinsi sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinin Plasmodium paraziti kaynakl\u0131 enfeksiyona nas\u0131l tepki verdi\u011fi incelendi.<\/p>\n

“Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k haz\u0131rlama” s\u00fcreci<\/strong>
\n\"\"ABD Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcleri\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u201cba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k haz\u0131rlama\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir s\u00fcrecin, sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini parazitlerle sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7irerek sivrisineklerin s\u0131tma bula\u015ft\u0131rma kabiliyetini s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015fti. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ke\u015ffedilen ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccresi tiplerinden birinin, \u201cba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k haz\u0131rlama\u201d s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in gerekli olan anahtar molek\u00fcllere y\u00fcksek oranda sahip oldu\u011funu ve \u201cba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k haz\u0131rlama\u201d s\u00fcrecine e\u015flik edebilece\u011fini raporlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Biliminsanlar\u0131, enfeksiyona yan\u0131t olarak belirli ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinin say\u0131lar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f meydana geldi\u011fini ve bu ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febileceklerini g\u00f6sterdi. Ayr\u0131ca, sivrisineklerin ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131nda ve di\u011fer v\u00fccut b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde bulunan baz\u0131 h\u00fccrelerin, sivrisineklerin v\u00fccut ya\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde hareketsiz bir bi\u00e7imde bekledi\u011fi, daha sonra enfeksiyonla sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in aktif hale gelerek dola\u015f\u0131ma d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n

Ke\u015ffin heyecan verici oldu\u011funu belirten biliminsanlar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k h\u00fccrelerinin her birinin etkili oldu\u011fu mekanizmalar\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2020-08-mosquito-immune-malaria.html<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131tma raporu:<\/strong> https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/330011\/9789241565721-eng.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Malaria, yani s\u0131tma, sadece 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nca 200 milyondan fazla insan\u0131 etkileyen ve tahmini olarak 405.000 insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin \u00e7o\u011funu be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit eden hastal\u0131klardan biri oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. S\u0131tma paraziti (Plasmodium), Anofel cinsi (Anopheles) sivrisineklerin di\u015fi bireyleri taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130nsanlardan sivrisineklere ve ard\u0131ndan sivrisineklerden […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1390,"featured_media":46223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[1194,1875,306,6970,6971,3548],"class_list":["post-46220","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-gundemi","tag-bagisiklik","tag-enfeksiyon","tag-hucre","tag-malaria","tag-plazmodium","tag-sitma"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46220","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1390"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46220"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46220\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46220"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46220"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46220"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}