{"id":4707,"date":"2016-03-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/?p=4707"},"modified":"2019-02-22T09:01:30","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T06:01:30","slug":"dil-ailelerinin-dagilimiyla-genetik-akrabalik-arasinda-baglanti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/2016\/03\/16\/dil-ailelerinin-dagilimiyla-genetik-akrabalik-arasinda-baglanti","title":{"rendered":"Dil ailelerinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla genetik akrabal\u0131k aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dilbilimciler ile genetik\u00e7ilerin disiplineraras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, Amerika ve Rusya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan olu\u015fan ekibin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cson avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131\u201d Ketleri inceledi. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda <em>Scientific Reports<\/em> dergisinde online olarak yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Sibirya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Ket toplumunun biyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zelliklerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1930\u2019lara kadar g\u00f6\u00e7ebe avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015fam s\u00fcren, Yenisey Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan bu toplum, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fla\u015f\u0131k 1200 civar\u0131 bir n\u00fcfusa sahip. Konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 Ket dili yok olma tehlikesi alt\u0131nda, Yenisey dil ailesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilen tek dil olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer topluluklar Ural, Altay ve Tunguz dilleri konu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Ket dili bug\u00fcn \u201cizole bir dil\u201d olarak nitelendiriliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yenisey dil ailesi \u00fczerinde dilbilimciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, s\u00f6z konusu dil ailesinin Amerika\u2019daki bir grup topluluk taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Na-dene dil ailesi ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015fti. Bu iki dil ailesi Dene-Yenisey ad\u0131 verilen kuramsal \u00fcst aile alt\u0131nda toplan\u0131yor. Dilbilimciler, bu iki ailenin yakla\u015f\u0131k 11 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce birbirinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, dillerinin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle dikkat \u00e7eken Ketlerin ba\u015fka topluluklarla genetik akrabal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi. Sonu\u00e7lar, Ketlerin genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok Sibirya toplulu\u011fundan farkl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. En yak\u0131n olduklar\u0131 modern pop\u00fclasyon, tarihsel olarak kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen, Ural dili konu\u015fan Selkuplar.<\/p>\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Ketlerin genomunu, yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f antik insan genomlar\u0131yla da kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ketlerin kabaca y\u00fczde 30-40 gibi y\u00fcksek oranlarda Antik Kuzey Avrasya genomundan (24 biny\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Sibiryal\u0131 bir bireyin genomundan) par\u00e7alar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldular. Bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok toplulukta g\u00f6zlemlenen Antik Kuzey Avrasya genomunun asl\u0131nda Ketlerin atalar\u0131na ait oldu\u011funu belirtiyorlar. Ket genomunda, t\u00fcm Avrasyal\u0131larda oldu\u011fu gibi bir miktar <em>Neandertal<\/em> katk\u0131s\u0131 da tespit edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Halihaz\u0131rda Amerika\u2019da ya\u015fayan Na-dene dili konu\u015fan topluluklarla direkt genetik ba\u011flant\u0131 bulunamasa da, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma birtak\u0131m umut vaat eden sonu\u00e7lar i\u00e7eriyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hem Ketler hem de Na-dene dili konu\u015fan Yerli Amerikal\u0131 topluluklardan Chipewyanlar\u0131n antik Paleo-Eskimolarla ili\u015fkisi var. Ayr\u0131ca, Yenisey dillerinin Sibirya\u2019da konu\u015fuldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen b\u00f6lgedeki Bronz ve Demir \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131yla da genetik ili\u015fkisi g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015f. Bu da kuramsal Dene-Yenisey dil ailesinin yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Ket toplumunun tarihsel yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. Bu sonu\u00e7, Yenisey dili konu\u015fan atasal topluluklar\u0131n Altay b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Ketlerin atalar\u0131n\u0131n da buradan geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Makale, Na-dene dili konu\u015fanlarla Ketler aras\u0131nda do\u011frudant ili\u015fkinin bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ileride yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok bilim dal\u0131ndan ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bir araya gelerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu disiplinleraras\u0131 ekipler, insan\u0131n evrimini ve yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle inceledi\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130nsan\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel evrimi ile biyolojik evriminin birbirini destekledi\u011fi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ek. Bunu makro boyutta beynin evrimi, alet geli\u015ftirme, iki ayak \u00fczerinde durma gibi zincirleme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6zlemleyebiliyoruz. Ancak insan\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin, birbirleriyle anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yolu olan dilin, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6gelerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi etkiledi\u011fini de yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla anl\u0131yoruz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar biyolojik olarak \u0131rk kavram\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orijinal makale:<\/strong> <em>Scientific Reports<\/em> 6, Article number: 20768 (2016); doi:10.1038\/srep20768<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dilbilimciler ile genetik\u00e7ilerin disiplineraras\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, Amerika ve Rusya\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lardan olu\u015fan ekibin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n \u201cson avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131\u201d Ketleri inceledi. \u015eubat ay\u0131nda Scientific Reports dergisinde online olarak yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Sibirya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Ket toplumunun biyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zelliklerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1930\u2019lara kadar g\u00f6\u00e7ebe avc\u0131-toplay\u0131c\u0131 ya\u015fam s\u00fcren, Yenisey Irma\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":910,"featured_media":15992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,211,19,231],"tags":[694,1873,292,230],"class_list":["post-4707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-145-sayi","category-antropoloji","category-bilim-gundemi","category-molekuler-biyoloji-ve-genetik","tag-dil","tag-dil-ailesi","tag-genetik","tag-insanlik-tarihi"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/910"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4707\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bilimvegelecek.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}